Spain, Turkey PMs Warn Of 'Chaotic Deadlock' In Mideast
July 22, 2006
ANKARA (AP)--The prime ministers of Spain and Turkey appealed to world leaders
and international bodies Saturday to help stop hostilities in the Middle East,
saying the violence threatened to drag the entire region into a "chaotic
deadlock."
Recep Tayyip Erdogan of Turkey and Spain's Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero, whose
two countries have promoted cross-cultural dialogue, also offered to contribute
to efforts toward a cease-fire.
In a joint declaration, the two leaders said: "We call upon the United Nations,
the EU, and other relevant international organizations, nations and
international leaders ... to intensify ongoing efforts to bring an end to this
spiral of violence and hostility that runs the risk of dragging the entire
region into a chaotic deadlock with global repercussions."
Spain and Turkey last year presided over the launch of the Alliance of
Civilizations, a U.N.-sponsored program aimed to counter extremism and
promote respect between civilizations and cultures.
Israeli warplanes have pummeled targets across Lebanon for nearly two weeks
since Lebanon-based Hezbollah guerrillas captured two Israeli soldiers in a
bloody cross-border raid.
The Spanish and Turkish leaders have issued joint statements before, most
notably over the international tensions that arose after the publication of
cartoons depicting the Prophet Muhammad last year.
Turkish
Prime Minister Recep Tayip Erdogan and his Spanish counterpart Jose Luis
Zapatero - co-chairmen of the United Nations sponsored 'Alliance of
Civilizations' project - have jointly called for peace in the face of the
worsening crisis in Lebanon.
The joint statement issued by the Turkish and Spanish prime ministers reads;
"We, as co-chairmen of the Alliance of Civilizations project, are ready to help
in any way appropriate. Weapons must give way to dialogue and talks. There is no
time to lose. In order to declare a ceasefire and peace, the time for action is
now. Our future is in danger. We cannot remain as spectators in he face of this
human tragedy.
In response to the kidnapping of two Israeli soldiers last week by Hezbollah,
Israel launched air raids on Lebanon in which they bombed the Lebanese capital
Beirut, in addition to much of the country's infrastructure.
Nearly 400 civilians have been killed so far in the Israeli attacks which
have evoked little in the way of serious protest from the international
community.
UN Secretary General Kofi Annan said on Friday that he feared a major
humanitarian disaster if innocent Lebanese people continue to be killed or
displaced.
Meanwhile also on Friday, US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, speaking
ahead of her visit to the trouble Middle East region, stated that she would not
be pursuing a cease-fire because that would constitute "a false promise if it
returns us to the status quo."
Turkish Prime Minister Erdogan has had phone talks with the leaders of Iran,
USA, Syria, Russia, Britain and Lebanon, seeking support for a cease-fire.
The Alliance of Civilizations initiative was launched by the prime ministers
of Turkey and Spain and UN Secretary General Kofi Annan last July.
The Project aims to bridge the gap between the Islamic and Western worlds and
to help overcome misconceptions that could threaten world peace.
Mideast conflict
Summit on Mideast conflict fails, U.S. pushes own plan: Top diplomats who
met in Rome to seek a solution to the Israel-Hezbollah conflict parted ways
Wednesday without an agreement. A demand by European and Arab countries, as well
as United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, for an immediate cease-fire was
rejected by the U.S., which reportedly is working on its own plan for solving
the strife in Lebanon.
Ha'aretz (Tel Aviv, Israel)
(7/27)
Security Council disagrees on words about UN deaths: Members on the
United Nations Security Council disagreed Wednesday on how to fashion a
statement tackling Israel's bombing Tuesday of a UN post in southern Lebanon
that killed four UN observers.
Financial Times (London)
(7/27)
UN: Observers repeatedly pleaded for help: Four unarmed monitors pleaded
for help for six hours as the United Nations observation post where they were
killed Tuesday took repeated hits from Israel's bombardments, UN officials said
Wednesday.
Los
Angeles Times
(7/27)
Interview: Israeli blockade hampers UN aid to Lebanon: Arafat Jamal, the
top United Nations refugee agency official in Lebanon, says a great amount of
aid intended for those displaced by the fighting in Lebanon has been delayed
while UN officials await a guarantee of safe passage from Israeli military
forces.
Der
Spiegel (English online version)
(7/26)
ElBaradei on Lebanon: UN peacekeepers the "only solution": In this
interview with Der Spiegel, International Atomic Energy Agency Director-General
Mohamed ElBaradei laments the chaotic violence in Lebanon and asserts a
deployment of UN peacekeepers would be the most effective near-term solution to
halt the fighting. ElBaradei also discusses the showdown over Iran's nuclear
activities and North Korea's missile tests.
Der
Spiegel (English online version)
(7/27)
Annan steps up calls for Mideast cease-fire
Upset by the killing of four United Nations
observers in what he called "apparently deliberate targeting by Israeli Defence
Forces," Secretary-General Kofi Annan is attending an international summit in
Rome, where he aims to rally support for an immediate cease-fire between Israel
and Hezbollah.
BBC
(7/26),
USA
TODAY
(7/26)
Olmert says UN
strike was accidental; tensions rise
Four
United Nations observers were killed Tuesday by an Israeli bomb in southern
Lebanon, intensifying the region's already tense diplomatic situation. Israel's
Prime Minister Ehud Olmert said it was an accident and expressed "deep regret."
CNN
(7/26),
The
Boston Globe /Associated Press
(7/26)
Annan, Rice on diplomatic track: As the U.S. Secretary of State
Condoleezza Rice seeks to negotiate a cease-fire to current hostilities between
Israel and the militant group Hezbollah in Lebanon, United Nations
Secretary-General Kofi Annan visited Rome to help establish a peace plan. Annan
said that a number of proposals had been put forth and that it was critical
leaders seeking peace for the region don't "walk away empty-handed."
CBC.ca
(7/25)
UN shifts spotlight to humanitarian aid: The United Nations has shifted
some of its focus to humanitarian aspects of the conflict between Israel and
Hezbollah.
Inter
Press Service News Agency
(7/24)
UN humanitarian chief critical of Hezbollah tactics: United Nations
Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief
Coordinator Jan Egeland criticized Hezbollah for using the cowardly tactics of
hiding among women, children and other civilians during the current conflict
with Israel.
Chicago Tribune /Associated Press
(7/25)
A recipe for peace in the Middle East: This analysis from TIME offers six
crucial steps that need to be taken to bring peace and stability to the Middle
East.
TIME
(7/23)
Interview: Israeli Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni: In this interview with
Der Spiegel, Israeli Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni discusses Israel's political
and military options in its showdown with Hezbollah.
Der
Spiegel (English online version)
(7/25)
Commentary: Annan's position on Mideast unhelpful: United Nations
Secretary-General Kofi Annan's failure to specifically mention terrorism as a
key reason for Israel's incursion into southern Lebanon in recent comments
undermines the world body's credibility in the Middle East conflict, writes
Harvard University law professor Alan M. Dershowitz in a Chicago Tribune
commentary.
Chicago Tribune
(7/25)
Interview: Egeland anxious for guarantee of safe passage from Israel: United
Nations Emergency Relief Coordinator Jan Egeland says most of the aid destined
for hundreds of thousands of displaced persons in Lebanon will be put on hold
until Israel agrees to guarantee the UN and other relief agencies safe passage.
Egeland also repeated criticism of Israeli air strikes, calling them "totally
disproportionate."
AlertNet.org /Reuters
(7/23)
Israel dismisses UN humanitarian relief chief's accusations: Israel has
rejected the United Nation's humanitarian relief chief Jan Egeland's comments
that Israel has been using excessive force against Lebanon, saying Egeland's
opinion contradicts the comments of other UN bodies and diplomats.
ABC
(Australia)
(7/24)
Rice urges cease-fire efforts: U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice
flew into Lebanon Monday, planning to meet with leaders over the next three days
to formulate a cease-fire plan.
The
Times (London)
(7/24)
Annan to decide soon on diplomatic mission to Iran, Syria: The United
Nations is weighing the possibility of sending a diplomatic contingent to Iran
and Syria in hopes of bringing a peaceful end to the fighting.
AlertNet.org /Reuters
(7/24)
UN peacekeepers struggle for power in South Lebanon: Though calls for an
international peacekeeping force in South Lebanon increase, the United Nations
Interim Force in Lebanon has been active in the area since 1978.
TIME
(7/19)
Annan outlines Mideast peace plan
United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan on Thursday outlined a plan to the
Security Council for bringing peace to Israel and Lebanon. Annan's report to the
council -- based in large part on the findings by a UN crisis team that this
week visited the region -- blamed the Lebanon-based Hezbollah militia for
starting the conflict but also criticized Israel for its collective punishment
of Lebanon's people, which he said is causing a humanitarian crisis.
Click
here for a transcript of Annan's address to the council.
The
Daily Star (Lebanon)
(7/21),
National Public Radio (text only)
(7/20)
UN's call for Mideast cease-fire opposed by U.S.: The U.S., which is key
to any international plan to bring peace to the Mideast region, so far is
resisting the UN's call for a cease-fire so that killings be stopped and aid can
be sent.
AlertNet.org /Reuters
(7/21)
UN post hit in Middle East fighting: Ghanaian troops manning a UN
observation post escaped unharmed after the post was severely damaged during
fighting between Israel and the Palestinians.
USA
TODAY /Agence France-Presse
(7/21)
Editorial: For peace's sake, rein in the militants: Secretary-General
Kofi Annan's report Thursday on how to end the Mideast conflict did not go far
enough, The Miami Herald writes in this editorial, arguing that a comprehensive
plan must do more to tackle militant groups as well as Syria's and Iran's
sponsorship of Hezbollah.
The
Miami Herald (free registration)
(7/21)
Europeans push new UN Iran plan
France, Britain and Germany on Thursday distributed to the United Nations
Security Council's 15 members a new draft resolution that threatens Iran with
sanctions unless it suspends its nuclear program by an unspecified date in
August. Iran, however, reiterated its earlier stance that it will not reply
until Aug. 22 to the incentives plan on the table.
The
Boston Globe /Reuters
(7/20)
UN seeks ways to foster Mideast peace
The
United Nations is working on a new long-term plan for peace between Israel and
Lebanon, which would include the implementation of a resolution that the UN
Security Council approved in 2004 and that, among other things, called for
Lebanon's Hezbollah militia to disband. Also, France suggested ideas for a new
resolution, including the possibility of a new peacekeeping force in the region.
Ha'aretz (Tel Aviv, Israel)
(7/19),
The
Boston Globe /Associated Press
(7/19)
Analysis: UN monitoring force shows peacekeeping's limitations: The UN
for years has had a monitoring team along the Israel-Lebanon border, and
although it does not have the authority to enforce peace it illustrates the
difficulties and limitations of peacekeeping, The New York Times writes in this
analysis.
The
New York Times
(7/19)
UN: Spike in Iraqi civilian deaths
Nearly 6,000 Iraqi civilians were killed in May and June, including deaths
caused by bombings, assassinations, torture, intimidation and kidnappings, the
United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq reported. "While welcoming recent
positive steps by the government to promote national reconciliation, the report
raises alarm at the growing number of casualties among the civilian population
killed or wounded during indiscriminate or targeted attacks by terrorists or
insurgents," the UN said.
USA
TODAY /Associated Press
(7/18)
UN powers begin new effort to curb Iran's nuclear program
Major powers on Tuesday began work on a United Nations Security Council
resolution to curb Iran's nuclear intentions by threatening sanctions, updating
the version introduced by the U.S., Britain and France in early May. The
resolution would command Iran to cease its uranium enrichment and temporarily
stop constructing a potentially plutonium-producing reactor and would set a date
for Iran to comply.
The
Washington Post /Reuters
(7/18)
UN presents Israel with peace plan
A
United Nations team sent to the Middle East to try to defuse the
Israel-Hezbollah conflict today presented top Israeli officials in Jerusalem
with a cease-fire package based on an outline drawn up at the weekend's G8
meeting. Also, Israel's foreign minister, Tzipi Livni, suggested that Israel may
not object to a temporary UN peacekeeping force in southern Lebanon.
Ha'aretz (Tel Aviv, Israel)
(7/18)
Editorial: Security Council must act on Hezbollah: To promote long-term
stability between Lebanon and Israel, it is crucial that a united UN Security
Council demands that Hezbollah disarm its militia and stop "operating as a state
within a state in southern Lebanon," The New York Times writes in this
editorial.
The
New York Times
(7/18)
Annan, Blair urge peacekeepers in Lebanon
United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan and
Britain's Prime Minister Tony Blair on Monday urged that an international
peacekeeping force be deployed to southern Lebanon to defuse the growing
Israel-Hezbollah conflict. A 2,000-strong UN team has monitored the
Israel-Lebanon border since 1978, but it is not authorized to enforce peace.
BBC
(7/17),
Ha'aretz (Tel Aviv, Israel)
(7/17)
UN to try to defuse growing Mideast crisis
The
United Nations Security Council today was set to discuss Israel's attacks on
Lebanon, which came in response to the killing and capture of Israeli soldiers
by Lebanon-based Hezbollah guerillas. A UN team that is being sent to the region
to try to defuse the situation first will meet with Arab governments in Cairo
and then expects to visit Israel, Lebanon and other areas.
Click
here for a UN News Centre article that cites the UN's human rights chief
urging all sides to avoid civilian casualties.
The
Daily Star (Lebanon)
(7/14),
Ha'aretz (Tel Aviv, Israel)/Reuters
(7/14)
U.S. halts UN condemnation of Israel's Gaza offensive: A UN Security
Council resolution proposed by Qatar that would have condemned Israel for its
now two-week old military offensive in the Gaza Strip was vetoed by the United
States.
Reuters
(7/14)
UN: Gaza's humanitarian situation worsening
United Nations officials say a breakdown in basic services in the Gaza Strip has
caused a humanitarian situation that is growing bleaker by the day. "Daily life
is a misery. Ordinary people are struggling. We are running around trying to put
plasters on everything," a UN official said.
The
Guardian (London)
(7/10)
Commentary: The new, sad life in Gaza: The difficult humanitarian
conditions in the Gaza Strip, including scarce food rotting because of lack of
electricity since Israel's recent military offensive, are described in this
commentary by Mona El-Farra, a local physician and human rights advocate.
The
Boston Globe
(7/10)
UN rights envoy criticizes Israel for Gaza siege
The
siege Israel has laid upon the Gaza Strip in response to the kidnapping of an
Israeli soldier involves a "disproportionate use of force against civilians,"
John Dugard, United Nations special rapporteur on human rights in the occupied
Palestinian territory, told the UN Human Rights Council. "It is clear that
Israel is in violation of the most fundamental norms of humanitarian law and
human rights law," Dugard added.
AlertNet.org/Reuters
(7/5),
Ha'aretz (Tel Aviv, Israel)/Associated Press
(7/6)
Annan calls for calm in Gaza: UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan issued a
statement Wednesday calling on both Israelis and Palestinians to "step back from
the brink" and ease the rising tensions between them.
AlertNet.org/Reuters
(7/5)
NEW YORK (AP) -- Israel's U.N. ambassador on Thursday
ruled out major U.N. involvement in any potential international force in
Lebanon, saying more professional and better-trained troops were needed for such
a volatile situation.
Dan Gillerman also said Israel would not allow the United
Nations to join in an investigation of an Israeli airstrike that demolished a
post belonging to the current U.N. peacekeeping mission in Lebanon. Four U.N.
observers were killed in the Tuesday strike.
"Israel has never agreed to a joint investigation, and I
don't think that if anything happened in this country, or in Britain or in Italy
or in France, the government of that country would agree to a joint
investigation," Gillerman said.
Gillerman, who spoke at an event hosted by The Israel
Project advocacy group and later inside the United Nations, gave a heated
defense of Israel's two-week campaign against Hezbollah militants. He said some
diplomats from the Middle East had told him that Israel was doing the right
thing in going after Hezbollah.
Annan calls on Islamic States to continue
cooperation with UN in world’s hotspots
11 July 2006 – Secretary-General Kofi
Annan today called on Islamic countries to continue their cooperation with the
United Nations in calming crisis flashpoints particularly between Israel and the
Palestinians, in Iraq, and in Sudan’s strife-torn Darfur region.
“Over the years, and especially the past decade, the United Nations and the
Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) have worked to promote tolerance,
equality, development and the peaceful resolution of conflict,” he said in a
message
to a meeting in Rabat on cooperation between the two bodies, delivered by Deputy
High Commissioner for Human Rights Mehr Khan Williams.
“This gathering is therefore a timely occasion to review our existing
cooperation.”
Referring to the Middle East, Mr. Annan repeated his call all parties to
avoid steps which further aggravate the situation and to act in strict
accordance with international humanitarian law. “At this difficult juncture, the
international community, including the OIC, must guide the two sides away from
violence and conflict and towards negotiations and compromise,” he said.
On Iraq, he voiced hope that the OIC would continue to work with the UN and
other parties to ensure that the new inclusive and representative Government
there is fully empowered to address the grave challenges confronting it.
“In Sudan, we must now do everything within our power to ensure that the
Darfur Peace Agreement is fully implemented. At the same time, we must continue
to deliver the humanitarian assistance that is a lifeline for so many people in
that region,” he said.
“The United Nations needs partners such as the OIC and other international
and regional organizations whose experience and knowledge complement the reach
and legitimacy of the UN system. Your support is crucial to our long term
success.”
BAŞBAKAN Tayyip Erdoğan ile İspanya Başbakanı Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero,
’Medeniyetler İttifakı Girişimi Eşbaşkanları’ olarak, Ortadoğu için ortak
deklarasyon yayınladı. Deklarasyonda özetle şunlar kaydedildi:
"Bizler, hangi biçimde ortaya çıkarsa çıksın terörün her türlüsünü
kınıyoruz. Bombaların veya füzelerin, sivillerin
üzerine
düşmesini kabul edilebilir bulmuyoruz. Herhangi bir orantısız güç kullanımını
kesinlikle reddediyoruz. Kaçırılan askerlerin ve olayların akışı içerisinde,
bakan ve milletvekili dahil, alıkonulanların serbest bırakılmasını talep
ediyoruz.
En temel, vazgeçilmez yaşam, güvenlik ve özgürlük haklarının inkarı,
Medeniyetler İttifakı’nın eşbaşkanları olarak bizim daraltmaya çaba sarf
ettiğimiz mesafenin daha da büyümesi tehlikesini ortaya çıkarıyor. Bu çatışmanın
vahim yankıları, Ortadoğu’nun çok ötesinde hissedilecektir. Biz, Ortadoğu’daki
çatışmanın kaçınılmaz olmadığına, tam tersine, bölgede barışın mümkün olduğuna
inanıyoruz.
GELECEK TEHLİKEDE
Medeniyetler İttifakı girişiminin eş başkanları olarak bizler, uygun
olabilecek her şekilde katkıda bulunmaya hazırız. Silahlar yerini diyalog ve
görüşmelere bırakmalıdır. Kaybedecek zaman yok. Ateşkes ve barışa ulaşabilmek
için ortak eylem zamanı şimdidir. Geleceğimiz tehlikede, ortaya çıkan trajedinin
sürmesine seyirci kalamayız.
Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul will be in the Italian capital Rome today,
attending a peace conference expected to deal with the growing crisis in the
Middle East. It is anticipated that Gul will have a chance to meet face to face
with his US counterpart, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice while in Rome, an
opportunity which Gul will use to underline once more Turkish expectations on US
actions against the PKK presence in Northern Iraq.
The conference in Rome comes only 3 weeks or so after Gul's trip to Washington,
DC, at which time he also met with Rice on the subject of possible US actions
and precautions against the PKK in Northern Iraq.
Turkish MP Resigns From US and Israeli Friendship Groups
Due to Israeli Attacks
Tuesday , 25 July 2006
A member of the Turkish Grand National Assembly has resigned from Turkish
parliamentary friendship groups with the USA and Israel in protest
at Israel's attacks on civilians in Lebanon.
Mehmet Yildirim, deputy of the opposition Republican People's Party
(CHP) for Kastamonu, said on Monday that he had resigned his
membership from the Turkey-USA and Turkey-Israel Parliamentary Friendship
Groups in protest at Israel's attacks on Lebanon which have been backed by
the US.
Yildirim stated that he decided to resign from the Israeli group since
Israel had continued its attacks on innocent people in Lebanon
on the pretext of rescuing its soldiers.
The CHP deputy added that he had earlier left the US group because they
supported Israel's military offensive while they failed to take any concrete
actions against the PKK, which they have listed as a terrorist organization.
"As a parliamentarian and a human being, it was impossible for me to be
indifferent to the cruelty inflicted by Israel", remarked Yildirim, adding that
he had received many thanks and congratulations for his decision
World leaders and foreign ministers are in Rome for the make-or-break talks
that Kofi Annan, the UN secretary-general, says cannot be allowed to fail.
The escalating violence and death toll in the Middle East is raising the stakes
and fueling calls for an immediate ceasefire and an agreement on an
international force in the region. However, the gaps between the parties that
will be around the table are still very wide.
The weather bureau says the temperature will be 36 degrees in Rome today and the
talks at the conference on the Middle East are likely to be equally heated. Top
of the agenda are a ceasefire, a prisoner exchange and a deal on an
international force to move into the region as soon as a cease-fire is in place.
Around the table will be major role players in the Middle East, the United
States, the European Union and its major powers, Russia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and
Jordan. While Iran and Syria will not be there, Annan says they must be part of
any solution.
However as air strikes, rocket attacks and ground fighting continue unabated,
serious concessions will have to be made by all the major role players if any
way forward is to be found. Israel shows little sign of agreeing to a ceasefire
and the views on the composition and mandate of any international buffer force
vary greatly between countries in the west and in the Middle East.
The Rome conference has an unenviable task. The foreign ministers meeting here
need to leave Rome tonight with some agreement on a way forward or the conflict
in Lebanon and Gaza could develop into a regional war in which no one can win.
UN Compound Flattened
Israel bomb kills 4 UN observers in Lebanon
25 Jul 2006 22:53:18 GMT Source: Reuters By Lin Noueihed
BEIRUT, July 25 (Reuters) - An Israeli air strike killed four United
Nations military observers at their base in southern Lebanon on Tuesday, the
United Nations said.
U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan called on Israel to investigate the
"apparently deliberate targeting" of the base.
"This coordinated artillery and aerial attack on a long established and
clearly marked U.N. post at Khiam occurred despite personal assurances given
to me by Prime Minister Ehud Olmert that U.N. positions would be spared
Israeli fire," Annan said in a statement issued at U.N. headquarters in New
York.
U.N. spokeswoman Marie Okabe said at U.N. headquarters in New York: "I can
confirm that the four military observers that came under attack in Khiam were
killed in that attack. There are no further details for the moment".
A spokesman for the UNIFIL peacekeeping force in Lebanon said rescue teams
rushed to the peacekeeprs base, which appears to have collapsed while the U.N.
observers were in the shelter.
"One aerial bomb directly impacted the building and shelter in the base of
the United Nations Observer Group in Lebanon in the area of Khiam," said
spokesman Milos Strugar.
"A UNIFIL dispatched rescue team which is on the spot is still unable to
clear the rubble."
"There were 14 other incidents of firing close to this position in the
afternoon from the Israeli side and the firing continued during the rescue
operation," he said.
In Jerusalem, an Israeli army spokeswoman said the military was
investigating the report.
And in Rome, a U.S. State Department official said Israel told the United
States that the air strike that hit the U.N. base was an accident.
"It was a terrible tragedy. we have heard from the Israelis that it was an
accident," said the official, who is in Rome with U.S. Secretary of State
Condoleezza Rice for an international conference on Lebanon. He had no further
details.
An Israeli tank shell hit a UNIFIL position in southern Lebanon on Monday,
wounding four Ghanaian soldiers. Shrapnel from tank shells fired from the
Israeli side seriously wounded an Indian soldier last week and Hizbollah fire
wounded an Italian observer on the border on Sunday.
In 1996, during Israel's Grapes of Wrath campaign in Lebanon, an Israeli
jet bombed a UNIFIL compound in the southern village of Qana, killing 106
civilians sheltering inside.
UNIFIL was created in 1978 after Israel's first major invasion of southern
Lebanon and has been there ever since. The United Nations has called for a
bigger, better armed, more robust international force in the area.
Wednesday, July 26, 2006. 2:22pm (AEST)
UN deaths ... Kofi Annan has demanded an
investigation into the air strike. (File photo)
(Reuters)
UN deaths put pressure on Rome talks for cease-fire
Israel's killing of four UN observers has piled
pressure on an international conference in Rome to end a 15-day-old Middle
East conflict, as Hezbollah vows not to accept any "humiliating" truce terms.
United Nations secretary-general Kofi Annan demanded
Israel investigate the "apparently deliberate targeting" of a UN post in
southern Lebanon where an Israeli air strike killed the four UN military
observers on Tuesday.
Israel, waging a military offensive in Lebanon against
Hezbollah guerrillas, announced it would hold an investigation and expressed
regret at the deaths but said it was shocked Mr Annan had suggested the
observers may have been deliberately targeted.
A Chinese national was among the four observers killed,
China's official Xinhua news agency reported. It said the other three were
from Finland, Austria and Canada.
UN officials said the air strike had caused the
building housing the observers to collapse and that rescue teams had been sent
to retrieve the bodies from the rubble.
"[This] attack on a long established and clearly marked
UN post at Khiam occurred despite personal assurances given to me by [Israeli]
Prime Minister Ehud Olmert that UN positions would be spared Israeli fire," Mr
Annan said in a statement.
With international concern already high over civilian
casualties, Lebanon and its Arab allies will plead at the Rome talks - due to
start at 6:00pm AEST - for an immediate truce but Washington says a lasting
solution needs to be agreed first.
Israel, with apparent US approval, has said it would
press on with its offensive. It also says it plans to set up a "security
strip" in Lebanon until international forces deploy.
"We cannot accept any condition humiliating to our
country, our people or our resistance," Hezbollah leader Sayyed Hassan
Nasrallah said in a televised address.
Nasrallah said the war, in which 418 people in Lebanon
and 42 Israelis have been killed, was entering a new phase.
"In the new period, our bombardment will not be limited
to Haifa," he said, without elaborating.
In the conflict Hezbollah has hit Haifa, Israel's third
largest city 35 kilometres south of the Lebanon border, for the first time
with rockets.
Differences in Rome
Arab leaders and Mr Annan want the Rome conference to
call a quick halt to the war, triggered by Hezbollah capturing two Israeli
soldiers in a cross-border raid on July 12.
But US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, who arrived
in Italy after visiting Beirut and Jerusalem, says she prefers to get
conditions right for "a durable solution".
Israel and Syria, Hezbollah's main ally along with
Iran, have not been invited to Rome. Israel has also been waging a military
campaign in Gaza since June 28 to recover a soldier seized by Palestinian
militants.
Hezbollah wants a truce to be followed by talks on
swapping the two Israelis for Arab and Lebanese prisoners in Israel. The
United States demands Hezbollah free the soldiers unconditionally and pull
back from the border before disarming.
Jordan's Foreign Minister Abdelelah al-Khatib spoke of
a "clear Arab stance in Rome demanding an immediate cease-fire" and Italian
Prime Minister Romano Prodi said Italy's priority for the talks was a
cease-fire, followed by humanitarian assistance.
Saudi Arabia, a key US ally, has blamed Hezbollah for
starting the fighting, but in outspoken new comments King Abdullah said Israel
risked sparking a wider regional war.
A spokesman for British Prime Minister Tony Blair
echoed Dr Rice's line, saying diplomatic efforts should push for a cease-fire
that "isn't just another sticking plaster".
Israel, the United States and European countries agree
on the need to see Hezbollah disarmed, but some of the Europeans think this
should not be a precondition for any peace deal.
Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Aboul Gheit said the
gap in aspirations for the talks was "really worrisome".
The Rome meeting will also seek agreement on what kind
of international force could be sent into southern Lebanon - a mission fraught
with danger unless Hezbollah consents.
UN humanitarian agencies said they were still largely
blocked from getting relief supplies into Lebanon and from getting wounded and
very sick people to hospitals.
Lebanon says Israel's bombardment has displaced a fifth
of its population. Most of its dead are civilians.
Ceasefire and Troops on the Table at
Rome Conference
World
leaders are converging on Rome before an emergency conference aimed at stopping
nearly two weeks of Israeli-Lebanese violence.
Wednesday's four-hour conference at Italy's foreign ministry will bring
together ministers from 15 countries as well as top officials from the UN, the
EU and the World Bank.
"The primary objective is a ceasefire," Italy's Prime Minister Romano Prodi
told journalists Tuesday, although clear differences were emerging as to when
a cessation of hostilities should begin.
Lebanon's Prime Minister Fuad Siniora had little hope of achieving an early
ceasefire as he left Beirut.
"I want to be clear on this: I do not expect the Rome conference to lead to a
ceasefire, even if we must do everything in our power to reach one," he said,
making it clear he saw it more as an exercise in advertising the plight of the
Lebanese people.
"This visit will serve to have Lebanon's voice heard and to explain (to the
international community) the hardships that the Lebanese are suffering,"
Siniora said ahead of the conference.
UN Secretary General Kofi Annan said Monday he was going to press for a truce
and creation of a buffer force in south Lebanon, as well as the release of the
two Israeli soldiers whose abduction sparked Israel's offensive, and an end to
Hezbollah's rocket attacks on northern Israel.
He also stressed the need to secure full implementation of UN Security Council
resolution 1559 which calls for the disarming of Hezbollah, and for the
Lebanese government to reassert its authority throughout its territory.
Many other countries and leaders have called for an immediate ceasefire,
including France, Russia, members of the Association of Southeast Asian
Nations and Pope Benedict XVI.
Linked to the ceasefire issue is the question of a stabilization force for
southern Lebanon.
Peacekeepers' mandate under debate
The idea of deploying an international peacekeeping force to the region was
gathering momentum on Tuesday, but many questions remain about what its
mandate would be, top diplomats said.
Coming up with an outline for what sort of force could be used to police any
future peace is a main objective of the Rome meeting, but it is unclear who
would be willing to take part and how long any force would have to stay.
"The basic elements, I think, will be clarified (Wednesday)," said EU foreign
policy chief Javier Solana.
Almost 400 people, most of them civilians, have been killed in Lebanon since
Israel's offensive against Hezbollah started some two weeks ago, according to
information from medics, police and Hezbollah.
Debate with Damascus
Any international force entering the region would need to have a United
Nations mandate allowing them to deploy in southern Lebanon up to the border
with Syria. Israel has repeatedly accused Syria of delivering weapons to
Hezbollah, which is also backed by Iran, across the border. The government in
Damascus strongly denies the charge.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) -- with the United States as its
dominant force -- has the command structure, planning capability and political
coordination to run such a multinational operation, but Solana seemed to doubt
that it would play a role.
"We have to be very careful with the perception of people since we want to get
the people on our side," said Solana, a former NATO secretary general.
For the EU, there is one obvious benefit to taking part. Playing such a role
means the bloc would increase its leverage in the region and its standing as a
future broker for peace.
"Trust is nonexistent"
"I think that without Europeans ... the force will not exist. To me it is
fundamental that some European countries participate," Solana said.
On Monday, the German government said it hoped the conference would reach
"rapid and practical solutions" to humanitarian issues such as the evacuation
and well-being of refugees who are flooding out of southern Lebanon fleeing
Israeli bombardment.
European Commission President Manuel Barroso told reporters Monday, "I think
it is obvious that this international presence is necessary because the level
of trust between the belligerent parties is non-existent. … Only with an
international force can we have the minimum conditions for peace."
Germans question role
The idea of an international force -- which would most likely be led by France
and Turkey, according to US news reports -- has caused public flip-flopping in
Germany.
After vague responses from German Chancellor Angela Merkel earlier this week
in response to questions of whether Germany would contribute troops, Defense
Minister Franz Josef Jung reversed the official line when he told Germany's
N24 television station Berlin "could not refuse such a peace mission" under
certain circumstances.
The issue of deploying
an international peacekeeping force to Lebanon will dominate the agenda of the
Peace Conference in Rome.
Issues relating to timing, participation, and the tasks
of the multi-nation peacekeeping force, including disarming Hezbollah, as well
as the role of the United Nations and NATO, remain unclear.
It has been reported that the United States as well as
the Netherlands and UK do not approve sending peacekeeping troops in to the
region at this time.
NATO officials speaking to Zaman daily said they will
not take any steps before seeing the results from today’s Rome meeting.
Neither Israel nor Lebanon has called for the
deployment of NATO forces to help contain the situation, the same diplomatic
source said. “There has been some talk in Washington about the probable
deployment of NATO troops, but so far, no official comment has come from the
US.”
France and Turkey have been mentioned as possible
countries to lead the peacekeeping force.
Turkish Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul, joining the Rome
conference, will emphasize that the any deployment of an international force can
only take place after a ceasefire agreement has been reached.
Turkey wants the UN to decide on the issue and favors
the deployment of UN Peace Keeping Forces, instead of EU or NATO-led forces.
Turkey’s role in the peace keeping efforts is also
vital.
Ankara recommends that the multi-national forces
concentrate on the task of “preserving the peace” and not “establishing the
peace.”
The two concepts are very different since a military
force given the task of “establishing the peace” would likely be involved in
heated battles.
Israel has made clear that the peacekeeping force
should be given wide reaching authority, which includes the use of fire power as
well as the task of controlling the Syrian-Lebanese border.
Israel finds the current 2,000 strong UN Peacekeeping
Force insufficient to fulfill the task of patrolling in the region.
In a statement to the media before departing for Rome,
UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan said that countries may be more likely to send
troops when part of a UN force.
NATO sources are ready to be deployed; however, the
alliance remains cautious about taking action at this point.
For reasons relating to the large NATO presence still
active in Afghanistan, NATO is calling for a ceasefire in Lebanon and the green
light from Hezbollah before considering the deployment of peacekeeping troops.
Turkey wants the role of the international force to be
clearly defined, and wishes to avoid becoming actively embroiled in battles in
the region.
The European Union term president; Finland’s Foreign
Minister, UN Secretary-General and the World Bank President will also join the
Rome conference.
The United States has
expressed its support to Turkey over a joint operation against the Kurdistan
Workers Party (PKK).
US Ambassador to Turkey Ross Wilson informed that the
US is working to develop more functional methods for dealing with the PKK.
Wilson referred to the common vision document that was
signed between Turkey and the US a month ago, and stressed that the document
foresees cooperation over the PKK, economic and commercial issues as well as
many others.
Speaking on the crisis between Israel and Lebanon,
Wilson conveyed the American government and the public’s gratitude for Turkey’s
contribution to assisting the evacuations from Lebanon.
He also appreciated Turkey’s efforts to establish peace
in the region, and expressed the US’s continuing support for Turkey’s entry to
the European Union.
Turkish and American military officials met in Ankara
and Bagdat (Baghdad) to discuss measures against the PKK presence in Northern
Iraq.
Sources reported that the US is ready to take concrete
military steps against the PKK.
In Ankara, US top level military representatives to
Turkey Peter Satten met officials from the Turkish Military Operation and
Intelligence Directorate.
Turkish and American military officials also held talks
in Baghdad and northern Iraq.
Turkish citizens living
in Beirut that have come under increasing threat due to the ongoing Israeli
attacks on Lebanon, are being evacuated to Turkey.
Yesterday, 1,200 Turkish citizens were evacuated from
Lebanon on a Turkish Sea Forces ferryboat, called Iskenderun.
Hidir Kilic, who has lived in Beirut for five years,
expressed his happiness upon arriving back in Turkey. “Bombs were raining down
on us and we barely got away with our lives. We were forced to seek shelter in
parks; hiding in garages and have lived in our car for days. Thank Allah, we are
now returning home to our country.”
Many Turkish citizens who had been working in Lebanon
said they have no plans to return to Lebanon in the future.
Turkish Ambassador to Lebanon, Irfan Acar, said that
all the necessary preparations have been made to evacuate Turkish citizens from
Lebanon safely.
There are about 25,000 to 30,000 Turkish citizens
residing in Lebanon, and most are from the southeastern Turkish province of
Mardin.
Nearly 2,000 people have been evacuated from Lebanon
since the start of the Israeli attacks.
In addition to the 1,200 Turkish citizens that were
evacuated by ferryboat, around 800 were evacuated from Lebanon by bus.
Tension escalated during the evacuation when it became
apparent that some Turkish nations had been residing in Lebanon illegally.
Lebanese Prime Minister Fuad Siniora gave these illegal
Turkish emigrants permission to board the ferryboat and return home; however,
they will have to pay a fine to the Lebanese government.
1,200 Turkish Citizens Evacuated
from Lebanon
A Turkish Sea Force ferryboat which took 1,200 Turkish
citizens, who were left stranded in Lebanon due to the ongoing Israel attacks,
is expected to arrive in Mersin on Tuesday afternoon to Turkey's biggest ever
evacuation operation.
The ferryboat left Beirut on Monday at 7.15 pm and is
expected to arrive in Turkey on Tuesday evening after a 17-hour journey.
Boarding the Turkish citizens to the ferryboat in
Beirut port lasted 7 hours as Turkish Special Forces provided security on the
boat.
Doctors and nurses aboard the ferryboat provided
medical care for the Turkish citizens who had been waiting in Beirut for 12
days.
Many Turkish citizens left Lebanon last week and
returned to Turkey by bus via Syria.
Some 30,000 people have been evacuated from Lebanon
since the start of war. Nearly 600,000 people have been displaced in the
country, according to a UN report.
At least 390 civilians have been killed by Israeli
forces in attacks which the Israeli authorities claim target Hezbollah fighters
who kidnapped two Israeli soldiers and who are launching rocket attacks from
Lebanon into Israel.
Reports on the ground in Lebanon show that civilians
are bearing the brunt of the Israeli bombings, which are also destroying
Lebanon's infrastructure.
Liderler
Roma'da barış için toplanırken İsrail, hem Gazze hem de Lübnan cephesinde
saldırılarına devam ediyor. Şiddeti giderek artıran İsrail, bu kez de bir BM
gözlem noktasını vurdu ve 4 BM gözlemcisini öldürdü. BM Genel Sekreteri
saldırının yanlışlıkla meydana geldiğine inanmadığını belirterek kasıtlı
davranıldığı imasında bulundu.
BM Genel Sekreteri Kofi Annan, İsrail'in Lübnan'da bir BM gözlem noktasına
saldırısında Avusturya, Kanada, Çin ve Finlandiya vatandaşı BM görevlilerinin
öldürülmesinde 'kasıt' imasında bulundu.
BM Genel Sekreteri Kofi Annan, görünüşe göre İsrail askerlerinin gözlem
noktasını kasıtlı olarak hedef aldığını söyleyerek İsrail yönetiminden olayın
soruşturulmasını istedi.
İsrail'in BM Büyükelçisi Dan Gillerman ise Annan'ın, gözlem noktasının bile
bile hedef alınmış olabileceği yorumunun kendilerini şoke ettiğini bildirerek,
olayın soruşturulmasını isteyen BM Genel Sekreteri'nin açıklamasının “erken ve
yanlış” olduğunu iddia etti.
BM'nin Lübnan'daki geçici barış gücü UNIFIL'in sözcüsü Milos Struger ise
İsrail'in Hiam kasabasında bulunan binayı ve sığınağı doğrudan hedef aldığını
ifade etti.
Struger, kurtarma görevlilerin enkazı temizlemeye çalıştığını, ancak İsrail
askerlerinin kurtarma çalışmaları sırasında bile ateşe devam ettiklerini
kaydetti.
İsrail Dışişleri Bakanlığı Sözcüsü Mark Regev, güney Lübnan'da BM
personelinin trajik ölümlerinden samimi olarak
züntü duyduklarını söyledi.
BM personelini hedef almadıklarını savunan Regev, Lübnan'la çatışmaya
girdiklerinden bu yana BM barış gücünde görev yapan personelin güvenliğini
garantiye almak için sürekli çaba gösterdiklerini, bu trajik olayın titiz
biçimde soruşturulacağını kaydetti.
ABD, İsrail saldırısı sonucu 4 BM gözlemcisinin hayatını kaybetmesinden dolayı
üzgün olduğunu belirtti.
Çin Dışişleri Bakanlığından yapılan açıklamada da İsrail'in bu saldırısından
dolayı “derin şok” yaşandığı belirtilerek, saldırı kınandı.
Saldırıda ölen 4 BM gözlemcisinden biri Çin vatandaşıydı.
OLMERT, 'DERİN ÜZÜNTÜSÜNÜ' İFADE ETTİ
İsrail Başbakanı Ehud Olmert, ülkesinin, Lübnan'da bir BM gözlem noktasına
düzenlendiği ve 4 BM gözlemcisinin ölümüne neden olan saldırıyla ilgili olarak 'derin
üzüntü' duyduğunu ifade etti.
Olmert'in bürosundan yapılan açıklamada, Başbakanın, İsrail askerlerinin
gözlem noktasını kasıtlı olarak vurmuş olabileceğini söyleyen BM Genel Sekreteri
Kofi Annan ile telefonda görüştüğü belirtildi.
Açıklamada, Olmert'in 4 BM gözlemcisinin yanlışlıkla öldürüldüğünü
vurguladığı ve Annan'ın suçlamasından “dehşete düştüğünü” ifade ettiği
kaydedildi. Görüşmede Olmert'in olayla ilgili soruşturma yapılacağı sözü verdiği
ve sonucun Annan'a sunulacağını söylediği belirtildi.
LÜBNAN'IN BİRÇOK KENTİNDEN DUMANLAR YÜKSELİYOR
İsrail savaş uçaklarının, askeri gemilerinin ve füzelerinin sürekli
bombaladığı Lübnan'ın birçok kentinden dumanlar yükseliyor.
Başkent Beyrut'un güneyindeki sahil kenti Sayda bunlardan sadece biri.
İsrail'in, iki askerinin Hizbullah tarafından kaçırılması üzerine 12 temmuzda
başlattığı taarruzdan önce Beyrut'tan 20 dakikada ulaşılan Sayda'ya gitmek,
şimdi en az 3 saat alıyor.
İsrail füzelerinin vurduğu yollar kullanılamaz halde olduğu için Beyrut ile
Sayda arasındaki ulaşım ancak dağ yollarından sağlanabiliyor.
Bombardımanın sürmesi nedeniyle çevre köylere yardımların ulaştırılmasında da
büyük problem yaşanıyor. Dumanlar arasında zar zor seçilen bir diğer kent ise
Beyrut'a 35 kilometre uzaklıktaki Sur kenti.
Hayalet kent görünümdeki Sur'un sakinleri hala kaçmaya çalışıyor. Kaçanlar,
sivil olduklarını göstermek için araçlarına astıkları beyaz bez parçaları ile
kendilerini bombalardan korumaya çalışıyor.
Ancak onlar için tek tehlikeyi bombalar oluşturmuyor. Daha önce düşen
füzelerin yollarda açtığı büyük çukurlar da bomba korkusuyla mümkün olduğunca
hızlı hareket eden araçlar için bir ölüm tuzağına dönüşebiliyor.
Kentte kalanlar için yardımlar da bu yollardan ancak güçlükle
ulaştırılabiliyor. Kente gelen yardımların çevre köylere dağıtılması ise
neredeyse imkansız. Bombaların hedefi olmaktan korkan şoförler araçlarıyla yola
çıkmayı reddediyor.
Sur'daki devlet hastanesi Nagem de kentin hayalet görünümüyle uyumlu, bomboş.
Hastanede tedavisi süren 4 hafif yaralı ile yakınları ve birkaç görevli dışında
kimse bulunmuyor.
Bombardımanda yaralananlar Nagem hastanesine getiriliyor, ancak ilk
müdahalenin ardından hızla kuzeydeki Sayda ve Beyrut'a sevk ediliyor.
Sur'un çevresindeki yaklaşık 300 köyün tamamen boşaltıldığı belirtiliyor.
Çevre köylerden kaçıp Sur'a sığınanlar ise okullara yerleştiriliyor.
GAZETECİLER SIĞINAKTA MAHSUR KALDI
Yine bomba korkusu nedeniyle gizlenen ve fotoğraflarının çekilmesi yasak olan
okullarda yaşayan mülteciler bölgeye yardım gelmemesi nedeniyle yiyecek ve ilaç
sıkıntısı çekiyor.
Basın mensupları ise Sur'da, BM'nin güvenliğini sağladığı bir bölgede görev
yapıyor, buradan haberlerini geçiyor.
Gazetecilerin bir bölümü sığınaklarda kalırken yer bulamayanlar yüksek
ücretler ödeyerek, açık olan birkaç otelden birinde konaklıyor.
Birkaç gün önce kadın foto muhabirinin öldüğü Sur'daki gazeteciler daha
güneye ise geçemiyor. Güneyde bombardıman ve çatışmalar aralıksız devam ediyor.
LÜBNAN'DA İSRAİL KAYIPLARI
El Cezire ve Hizbullah'ın El Manar televizyonu, Güney Lübnan'daki Bint Cbel
köyünde, Hizbullah militanlarıyla devam eden şiddetli çatışmalarda bir İsrail
askerinin öldüğünü, beşinin yaralandığını bildirdi.
İsrail ordusu ise çatışmalarda birkaç İsrail askerinin yaralandığını kaydetti.
İsrail radyosunun 6 askerin yaralandığını belirtmesine rağmen ordu kesin rakam
vermedi.
Bint Cbel köyünü Hizbullah'ın kalesi olarak gören İsrail askerleri, salı
gününden bu yana köyü ele geçirmeye çalışıyor.
Accusations fly after U.N. observers killed
Annan slams 'apparently deliberate' strike by Israel
BEIRUT, Lebanon (CNN) Wednesday,
July 26, 2006
A diplomatic firestorm raged Wednesday after four U.N. observers died in
southern Lebanon in what the U.N. chief said was an "apparently deliberate"
Israeli airstrike.
Israel angrily denied the accusation.
The U.N. Interim Force in Lebanon initially reported that two peacekeepers
were dead and two missing but early Wednesday confirmed that all four were
killed in the late Tuesday strike
The observers were Austrian, Finnish, Canadian and Chinese, Lebanese security
sources said.
U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan said he was "deeply distressed" by the
"apparently deliberate" strike.
"This coordinated artillery and aerial attack on a long-established and
clearly marked U.N. post at Khiyam occurred despite personal assurances given to
me by Prime Minister Ehud Olmert that U.N. positions would be spared Israeli
fire," he said in a statement.
"Furthermore, General Alain Pelligrini, the U.N. force commander in south
Lebanon, had been in repeated contact with Israeli officers throughout the day
on Tuesday, stressing the need to protect that particular U.N. position from
attack." (Full
story)
The airstrike came as Israeli forces continued to battle Hezbollah militants
in southern Lebanon, seeking to end the Islamic militia's rocket attacks on
northern Israel.
'Caught in the middle'
Daniel Ayalon, Israel's ambassador to the United States, said that "UNIFIL
obviously got caught in the middle" of a gunfight between Hezbollah guerrillas
and Israeli troops.
"We do not have yet confirmation what caused these deaths. It could be
(Israel Defense Forces). It could be Hezbollah," he said.
UNIFIL sent a rescue-and-medical team to the city of Khiyam, where the post
was located. Attacks in the vicinity continued as rescuers tried to reach those
killed or injured, UNIFIL said.
UNIFIL said there had been at least 14 incidents of fire close to the post
since Tuesday afternoon.
Ayalon called Annan's statement "outrageous," while Israel's U.N. ambassador,
Dan Gillerman, said he, too, was "deeply distressed" that Annan alleged that the
strike was deliberate.
"I am surprised at these premature and erroneous assertions made by the
secretary-general, who while demanding an investigation, has already issued its
conclusions," Gillerman said in a statement.
International force proposed
Diplomatic efforts to resolve the crisis continued Wednesday.
U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice was in Rome, Italy, to meet with
European foreign ministers. Sources say she will propose an ambitious plan in
which international military forces would help the Lebanese government stabilize
southern Lebanon. (Full
story)
Rice pitched the plan Tuesday to Israeli leader Olmert in Jerusalem, then
traveled to the West Bank city of Ramallah for talks with Palestinian Authority
President Mahmoud Abbas.
The United States' top diplomat presented the plan Monday to Lebanese
officials, the sources said.
Hezbollah leader's threat
Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah on Wednesday threatened again to take the
fight "beyond Haifa."
Haifa is an Israeli port city that has been frequently targeted by Hezbollah
rocket attacks.
Nasrallah also alleged that Israel and the United States had planned to
invade Lebanon later this year but put the plan into effect early after
Hezbollah kidnapped two Israeli soldiers.
Since July 12, at least 398 people, mostly civilians, have been killed and as
many as 1,486 wounded in Lebanon, Lebanese security officials said Wednesday.
At least 41 Israelis have died, including 19 civilians, and at least 388 have
been wounded, Israeli officials said.
No letup in the fighting
Israeli soldiers battled Hezbollah fighters in and around Bint Jbeil in
southern Lebanon early Wednesday, a day after Israeli military announced it had
taken control of the village, Israeli military sources said.
There were casualties among the Israeli troops, the Israeli sources said.
Arab TV networks reported at least one Israeli soldier dead and five wounded.
The IDF hopes to create a "security zone" in southern Lebanon until an
international force arrives, said Israeli Defense Minister Amir Peretz. (Watch
as Israel fights for a buffer zone -- 2:04)
Hezbollah rockets fell in the Haifa area Wednesday morning, seriously
wounding at least one person and lightly wounding four others, Israeli medical
sources said.
About 100 Hezbollah rockets were fired into Israel on Tuesday, striking the
cities of Haifa, Carmiel, Kyrat Shmona and Nahiriya, according to the IDF.
One attack killed a 15-year-old girl in the village of Meghar, Israeli police
and medical service officials said.
In Haifa, at least 18 people were injured and one man died of a heart attack
after a rocket struck near his home, officials said.
In northern Gaza, meanwhile, Israeli tank artillery fire killed seven people
Wednesday morning, Palestinian sources said.
An IDF spokesman said the military carried out an airstrike on militants in
Gaza but did not confirm any tank shelling.
CNN's John King, Karl Penhaul, John Roberts, Brent Sadler and Fionnuala
Sweeney contributed to this report.
By Cihan News Agency Monday, July 24, 2006
zaman.com
The Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC), which groups together 57 Muslim
countries, has called for an immediate ceasefire between Hezbollah and Israel,
and has accused Israel of violating international law and of committing war
crimes.
Israel has killed more than 360 civilians in Lebanon
following the kidnapping of two of its soldiers by Hezbollah fighters.
The world Muslim body said in a statement on Monday
that it acknowledged the need for an immediate ceasefire followed by a prisoner
swap and the setting up of an international force under the United Nations in
order to ensure disengagement.
The OIC said on Monday it supported the efforts to
install an international peacekeeping force in southern Lebanon.
Since the crisis broke out, OIC Secretary General
Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu has undertaken several initiatives with a view to
alleviating the suffering of the Palestinian and Lebanese peoples caused by the
Israeli aggression.
OIC leader Ihsanoglu said that the U.N. Security
Council resolution 1559 should be implemented.
British Prime Minister Tony Blair had proposed to
establish an international peacekeeping force in south Lebanon. Israel on Monday
announced that it would accept NATO peacekeepers.
Some EU states and Turkey are expected to contribute to
a United Nations-sponsored peace force.
Foreign ministers gathering in Rome for key Mideast
conference
Victor Simpson, Canadian Press July 26, 2006
ROME (AP) - World leaders attending a Mideast
conference Wednesday in Rome plan to push for a ceasefire in Lebanon followed by
deployment of a multinational force to stabilize the country's border with
Israel and help disarm Hezbollah guerrillas, European Union officials said.
Calls for a ceasefire gathered steam, raising the
possibility of differences with the United States, which insists that any truce
must lead to a durable peace and ensure that Hezbollah is no longer a threat to
Israel.
An Israeli air strike on a United Nations observation
post in southern Lebanon that killed at least three unarmed UN observers,
possibly including one Canadian, could further fuel international demands for a
quick end to the fighting.
UN Secretary General Kofi Annan said the air strike
late Tuesday appeared to be a deliberate attack and demanded an investigation.
Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert called Annan on Wednesday to express his
"deep regret over the mistaken killing," Olmert's office said.
Officials in Brussels told The Associated Press Javier
Solana, the EU foreign and security affairs chief, will propose Wednesday that a
rapid reaction force be established. It would ideally be built around French,
German and Spanish troops, supplemented by forces from Turkey, the Netherlands,
Canada and Arab states such as Egypt and Saudi Arabia, EU officials said.
Foreign Affairs Minister Peter MacKay is attending the
meeting. So far, Ottawa has been cool to the prospect of sending Canadian
peacekeeping troops to the region.
"I think, ultimately a solution lies in the region,"
Harper said Tuesday in Cambridge, Ont.
"Canada's first choice is not to have Canadians or
foreign troops enforcing this."
Solana said Tuesday that an international force for
Lebanon should represent a broad sweep of countries to generate the widest
possible public support in the Middle East and have a robust United Nations
mandate to use force, if necessary.
He gave no details of timing or duration of any
peacekeeping mission.
The closed-door Mideast meeting brings together 18
countries and international organizations seeking ways to end the fighting
between Israel and Hezbollah militants based in southern Lebanon.
Italian Premier Romano Prodi said the main goal of the
conference is a ceasefire between Israeli troops and Hezbollah guerrillas, along
with discussing an international force and the problem of refugees, which he
said was of "astonishing proportions."
U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice reiterated the
United States' position that a cessation of hostilities in Lebanon must come
with conditions, saying there is "no desire" on the part of U.S. officials to
come back in weeks or months after terrorists find another way to disrupt any
potential ceasefire.
Shortly before the conference, Rice met with Italian
Foreign Minister Massimo D'Alema.
Bush confers with Turkish leader on Mideast
July 22, 2006 Reuters
CRAWFORD, Texas - President Bush conferred with Prime
Minister Tayyip Erdogan of Turkey on Saturday about how to help the Lebanese
people caught up in the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah.
White House spokeswoman Dana Perino said Bush, who is spending the weekend
at his Texas ranch, telephoned Erdogan and the two leaders also discussed U.S.
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice's upcoming visit to the Middle East.
ANKARA - Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan urged US President George
W. Bush in a telephone conversation Thursday to throw his weight behind
efforts for a ceasefire in Lebanon, aides told Anatolia news agency.
Erdogan told Bush that the US-backed Israeli offensive was undermining the
Beirut government and that a safe corridor was urgently needed to transport
humanitarian aid to Lebanon, the sources said.
Erdogan renewed his call for an end to hostilities in telephone calls to UN
Secretary Generaal Kofi Annan to whom he also expressed support for the
creation of an international force to stabilize southern Lebanon, Anatolia
reported.
The proposal, already shunned by Israel, was put forward by G8 leaders at
the weekend and later supported by Annan.
Earlier Thursday, Israeli Deputy Premier Shimon Peres rejected Turkish
appeals for a ceasefire in Lebanon and the Palestinian territories, saying
Israel's foes had no intention of stopping their attacks.
"We have the greatest respect for Prime Minister Erdogan, but the problem
is the following: Hamas and the Hezbollah will not agree to a ceasefire,"
Peres told the CNN-Turk channel, according to a voice-over translation in
Turkish.
Erdogan, whose country is one of the Jewish state's few allies in the
region, has vocally criticized Israel's devastating raids in Lebanon and the
Gaza Strip and engaged in diplomatic efforts to help end the fighting.
Bush, Turkish PM discuss Mideast by phone
U.S. President
George W. Bush discussed the Middle East situation and the separatist
attacks in
Turkey with Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan by phone on
Thursday, White House spokesman Tony Snow said at a briefing.
"They discussed the importance of addressing the humanitarian situation
in
Lebanon" and also supporting the government of Lebanese Prime Minister
Fuad Siniora, Snow said.
"They discussed the fact that Secretary Rice would be traveling to the
region to work on a diplomatic path forward," Snow said.
"The president condemned Hezbollah for provoking the crisis and thrusting
Lebanon into a conflict that neither the government nor the people wanted,
and expressed his concern about
Iranian and
Syrian support for Hezbollah," Snow said.
They also discussed the recent attacks by the separatist Kurdistan
Workers' Party in Turkey and "the need to work jointly to address that
terrorist threat," Snow added.
Turkey, a member of the Western military alliance NATO, has been a U.S.
ally.
Source: Xinhua July 21, 2006
Turkey and Spain call for an
immediate cease-fire in Lebanon
SANA - Syrian Arab News Agency -
Damascus,Syria Saturday, July 22, 2006
Turkey and Spain have called for an immediate cease-fire in the
Middle East that puts an end to the tragedy from which the Lebanese
people are suffering ,warning against the repercussions regionally and
internationally.
Turkish and Spanish Prime Ministers, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and Jose
Luis Zapatero warned in a joint press conference issued on Saturday in
both Ankara and Madrid against the repercussions of the Israeli
aggression on Lebanon which would lead to widening the gap between the
civilizations.
They stressed the necessity not waste time for the establishment of
peace because the future is in danger and the world cannot stand
watching .
The two sides expressed readiness to do everything necessary to
contribute to finding a solution to the current crisis in the Middle
East.
Iraq: Turkey
Threatens Military Incursion
By Kathleen Ridolfo
PRAGUE, July 21, 2006 (RFERL)
-- Turkey has said it was taking steps this week to prepare for a
cross-border incursion into northern Iraq to hunt down Kurdistan Workers
Party (PKK) fighters holed up in the Qandil Mountain range. The
announcement came following a series of PKK attacks on Turkish troops in
recent days that left more than a dozen soldiers dead.
The Turkish General Staff was asked to plan
and prepare for a possible cross-border operation following antiterrorism
board and ministerial council meetings earlier this week. Prime Minister
Recep Tayyip Erdogan confirmed on July 19 that preparations are under way,
telling reporters in Ankara: "Authorized institutions and security forces
are proceeding with their work. Whatever step needs to be taken will be
taken according to the study."
Change In U.S. Stance?
Turkey has tried on several occasions in recent months to pressure the
U.S. and Iraqi governments to take action against the PKK. The latest
attempt appears to be based on an assumption that the U.S. position
regarding cross-border operations has changed.
"Of course, we understand the Iraqi government's position, but if they
are not able to control their land, they should not hesitate to
cooperate with us. If they cannot stop it, we will have to take action."
A "strategic vision" document signed by U.S. Secretary of State
Condoleezza Rice and Turkish Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul in Washington
on July 5 stressed the United States' continued commitment to eradicating
the PKK, which it considers a terrorist organization.
"We will work very actively with Turkey and also with the new Iraqi
government to deal with this problem because, as I have said before and as
I said when I was in Turkey, no one wants the PKK to be able to operate,
to carry out terrorist attacks against Turkey anywhere, but most
especially from northern Iraq," Rice told reporters after their meeting.
However, it appears Rice meant diplomatically, not militarily.
The United States maintains that any Turkish military operation could
destabilize Iraqi Kurdistan. U.S. Ambassador to Ankara Ross Wilson told
Turkey's NTV television on July 17 that the United States would oppose any
unilateral action on Turkey's part.
'Iraq Is Not Lebanon'
Wilson denied that the U.S. position reflected a double standard because
of its support for Israel's attack on Hizballah positions in southern
Lebanon, saying that Israel's circumstances were different. "Turkey has an
ally in Iraq. Israel does not have such an opportunity. Besides, [the] PKK
is not only in the north of Iraq, it is in Europe and in Turkey. Entering
the north of Iraq will not resolve the problem," Anatolia quoted Wilson as
telling the news channel. The ambassador's remarks were widely criticized
in the Turkish press.
The U.S. Embassy clarified Wilson's remarks in a July 19 statement posted
to its website, saying the ambassador's remarks had been misinterpreted in
the Turkish media. "Of course, Turkey, like every country, has a right and
an obligation to defend itself and its people. For over 50 years, we have
stood together as members of an alliance dedicated to collective defense
and security.... Working together with the United States and the
government of Iraq can be an essential part of advancing Turkish security.
"We look forward to continued close cooperation with Turkey and with the
government of Prime Minister Erdogan as our countries address together the
threat posed by the PKK and the other security challenges we face," the
statement read.
Turkey Looks For Support
Turkish Foreign Ministry Undersecretary Ali Tuygan summoned the U.S. and
Iraqi ambassadors to a July 17 meeting in Ankara and told them to take
action against the PKK or else Turkey would.
Turkish Justice Minister Cemil Cicek said the parties involved must
understand Turkey's resolve in destroying the PKK, which it considers a
terrorist group, and that Turkey "will take the appropriate steps
decisively and with firmness" to carry out that goal. "We expect support,
sincerity, and cooperation from all governments which acknowledged that
[the] PKK is a terrorist organization," he noted, referring to the United
States and Iraq, Anatolia news agency reported on July 17.
Abdullah Gul (right) with Iraqi counterpart
Hoshyar Zebari (epa file photo)Meanwhile, Turkish Foreign Minister
Abdullah Gul has been trying to drum up European support for a Turkish
incursion. He raised the issue with U.K. Foreign Secretary Margaret
Beckett in London on July 18. Gul told reporters following the meeting
that he called for international support against the PKK.
Gul later contended in an interview with the "Financial Times" published
on July 20 that the PKK has armed itself with remote-controlled explosives
and weapons obtained in Iraq, including from the Iraqi army. "We cannot
tolerate this. Definitely we will use all our rights under international
law," he said.
Regarding past statements by Iraqi officials that any Turkish military
operation would potentially destabilize Iraqi Kurdistan, Gul said: "Of
course, we understand the Iraqi government's position, but if they are not
able to control their land, they should not hesitate to cooperate with us.
If they cannot stop it, we will have to take action."
Gul also told the "Financial Times" that hesitation over letting Turkey
join the EU, coupled with U.S. policies in the Middle East, are triggering
an anti-Western backlash in Turkey.
Turkey Least Of Iraq's Concerns
Iraqi officials have said little publicly about the threatened incursion.
Given the problems faced by Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki's administration
in Baghdad, the timing could not be worse. Security continues to
deteriorate, and reports this week by the UN and Iraqi Migration and
Displacement Ministry indicate that some 6,000 nationals have been killed
in the past two months, and an equal number wounded, while some 32,000
have been displaced in the past three weeks. The ministry estimates that
162,000 Iraqis have been internally displaced over the past five months.
The escalation in regional tensions brought on by the Israeli attacks on
Hizballah in Lebanon have further occupied Baghdad, as it considers the
ramifications of a broader regional conflict should Israel take action
against Hizballah sponsors Iran and Syria.
Kurdish leader and Iraqi President Jalal Talabani issued a strong warning
to Turkey on July 13, saying that previous agreements signed between
Saddam Hussein and the Turkish government regarding permission for Turkey
to carry out cross-border operations were no longer valid.
Referring to Turkey and Iran, which have been carrying out operations
against Kurdish fighters along the Iraqi border for several weeks,
Talabani said: "The central government in [Baghdad has] conveyed its
uneasiness on the issue to the two countries via their embassies. The
government has warned the two countries." U.S. officials have also
cautioned against any Turkish-Iranian incursion into Iraq, according to
Turkish media reports.
Meanwhile, Kurdistan Region Prime Minister Nechirvan Barzani told
reporters on July 19 that the PKK was an internal Turkish issue and the
Kurdistan government had not given safe-haven to the PKK. For Barzani, any
instability in his region's relations with Turkey would cost both sides
economically.
And this may be the only area where Turkey has leverage. If it succeeds in
convincing Iraq's Kurdish leaders that the region will suffer financially,
there may be some Kurdish movement on the issue.
The Next Front
Pressure is building on Ankara to deal more harshly with cross-border
terrorist attacks from Iraq.
By Owen
Matthews and Sami Kohen
Newsweek
International
July 31,
2006 issue - Israel launched airstrikes on Lebanon in response to
attacks by Hizbullah earlier this month, and George W. Bush called it
"self-defense." But what to tell the Turks, who over the last week lost
15 sol-diers to terror attacks launched by sepa-ratist Kurds from
neighboring Iraq? Many Turkish leaders are pressing for cross-border
tactical air assaults on the guerrillas. But Bush, fearing yet another
escalation of the Middle East's violence, urged Prime Minister Recep
Tayyip Erdogan to hold off. "The message was, unilateral action isn't
going to be helpful," says a senior U.S. official, describing the
15-minute phone conversation. "The president asked for patience."
And so
Turkish forces are holding fast—for now—in deference to their
half-century alliance with the United States. But that patience is bound
to be challenged, probably sooner than later. Domestic political
pressures are building to take a leaf from Israel's book and hit back at
the guerrillas of the Kurdistan Work-ers' Party, or PKK. Since the
beginning of the year, attacks on Turkish military garrisons and police
stations have esca-lated across the country's southeast, along with
random shootings, bombings and protests—many of them, authorities
suspect, organized in Iraq. Already the Turkish military has laid
detailed plans for possible helicopter-and-commando assaults, government
sources tell NEWSWEEK. Meanwhile, Ankara's frustration with Washington
has grown palpable. For all the Bush administration's repeated promises
to crack down on the PKK, little if anything has happened. With
elections coming next year, Erdogan could be pardoned for soon
concluding that his forbearance might prove politically dangerous.
"Moderate, liberal people in Turkey are becoming increasingly
anti-American," warns Turkey's Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul. "That
isn't good."
Erdogan
has built a career on skillfully riding populist waves, and he's not
going to miss this one. On the one hand, he recognizes the importance of
maintaining good relations with America, if only to foil critics who
lambaste him for being too Islamist. On the other, popular anger at the
PKK is getting explosive. At the funeral of a murdered soldier in Izmir
last week, crowds destroyed wreaths sent by Erdogan's Interior Minister
Abdulkadir Aksu and the city's governor, Oguz Kaan Koksal. Some mourners
chanted slogans accusing the government of cooperating with the PKK. And
when a group of 60 human-rights activists were arrested in the resort of
Kiyikoy on suspicion of being PKK sympathizers last week, locals
attacked the detainees with stones and iron bars.
The
Turkish press has been baying for action, with even the solidly
pro-American Turkish Daily News railing in an editorial that "Turkey is
no banana republic that can leave its security to the mercy of others."
Another editorial posed the question more directly. "Why is it that
Israel has the right to 'self-defense'," the paper asked, "and not
Turkey." The country's usually fractious parliamentary opposition, in a
rare moment of unity, called for active intervention. "Opposition," says
True Path Party leader Mehmet Agar, "ends at Habur"—Turkey's border
crossing with Iraq.
Can
Washington keep the lid on this bubbling pot? Not for long, many experts
fear. Despite past assurances, the U.S. military has been unwilling or
unable to mount operations against the guerrillas. With its hands full
elsewhere, Washington can realistically offer little more than in-telligence-sharing,
coupled with possible measures to cut off PKK funding. That's just not
enough, says a senior Erdogan aide: "We want action, not words." Nor can
the Turks expect much from the Iraqis. "We will not tolerate any
terrorist groups on the territory of Iraq," Iraqi Foreign Minister
Hoshir Zebari told NEWSWEEK. But even he acknowledges that it may be a
while before the government's security forces get around to dealing with
the PKK. By contrast, Iran last week began shelling PKK positions around
Kandil Mountain on northern Iraq's Iranian and Turkish border. President
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad also called Erdogan to assure him of Teh-ran's
willingess to help quell the guerrillas —unlike the United States.
This
won't automatically lead to another front in the region's wars. For all
the clamor for a military strike, "the sane members of the Turkish
General Staff are aware of the costs of going into northern Iraq," says
independent analyst Grenville Byford. Those include possible all-out
civil disorder across Turkey's Kurdish southeast provinces—which, if
rioting this spring is anything to go by, would lead to a brutal
crackdown, hurting Ankara's hopes for joining the EU. "There is no good
way out of this for the Turkish government," says Byford.
All this
comes at a bad time, clearly. Turkey could play a key diplomatic role in
dealing with the burgeoning crisis in southern Lebanon, NATO officials
say, especially if Turkey were willing to provide troops to the sort of
international force being promoted by France and other European leaders,
including Tony Blair. Not only are Turks Muslims, which should reduce
frictions with the local population, but Ankara also enjoys good working
relations with many of the countries and forces active behind the
scenes. As one of Damascus's few friends in the region, for example,
Ankara would be in a good position to rein in Syrian ambitions in Leba-non.
Erdogan has been trying to play the role of mediator with Iran, Israel
and the Palestinians as well—precisely why Turkey would "encourage and
support" an international peacekeeping force, says Foreign Ministry
spokesman Namik Tan.
Objectively, Turkey knows that it has no real option but to remain
within the Western Alliance. As for Erdogan himself, who has pushed
through so many dramatic reforms to win membership in the European
Union, he, too, will be reluctant to break with the West, however sorely
provoked by the PKK. Still, if attacks continue to the point where his
political survival is at stake, that sense of restraint could abruptly
give way. Last week rumors swirled in Ankara and Istanbul that he was
close to such a move. For the United States and others, the diplomatic
challenge is to help save Erdogan from having to make such a choice. If
they fail, the next occasion may require more than a phone call from
Bush.
U.S. promises Turkey to fight against outlawed PKK organization
U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice has telephoned Turkish
Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul and promised to do whatever necessary to
fight against the outlawed Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK), the
semi-official Anatolia news agency reported on Sunday.
In the telephone talks, Rice told Gul that the U.S. administration
comprehended the seriousness of the situation on the PKK issue and thus
would do whatever necessary on this issue, said Anatolia.
For his part, Gul said that a tangible result should be obtained on
the issue of the PKK organization soon.
The two sides also discussed the Middle East issues, especially the
latest development of
Israel-Lebanon
conflict.
Rice expressed U.S. satisfaction and gratitude over the cooperation
of
Turkey displayed in evacuation of U.S. citizens from Lebanon.
Reports reaching here from Washington said that U.S. President
George W. Bush had also phoned Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip
Erdogan on recent PKK militants' attacks in Turkey and "the need to work
jointly to address that terrorist threat".
The high-level phone talks between the two sides came after a
diplomatic friction happened in the past week when Erdogan on Tuesday
slammed U.S. ambassador Ross L. Wilson's statement over Turkish
cross-border military operation into northern
Iraq.
On Monday, Wilson said that Israel was exercising its right to
self-defense by making incursions into Lebanon, but Turkey should not
carry out similar cross-border operation "unilaterally" into Iraq.
The remarks drew dissatisfaction of Erdogan, who justified that "such
a decision is taken by the Turkish government and the authorized
institutions of Turkey, not by the ambassador. We decide and implement
the decision."
Turkey has repeatedly called on U.S. forces in Iraq to take "
concrete" action against the PKK militants based in northern Iraq. But
the U.S. officials have claimed that stability must be restored and a
government should first be formed in Iraq before the PKK is tackled.
In early 1990s, the Turkish army crossed the border to combat the PKK
militants based in Iraq.
Turkish intelligence sources believe that nearly 4,000-5,000 PKK
militants are hiding in the mountainous northern Iraq, from where PKK's
terrorist activities were emanating.
Violence has been mounting since 2004 when the PKK, blacklisted as a
terrorist group by Turkey, the European Union and the
United States, called off a six-year unilateral ceasefire in its
armed campaign for an independent Kurdish state in southeastern Turkey.
Source: Xinhua
Iran, Turkey urge OIC to hold
extraordinary session
TEHRAN, July 21 (MNA) -- In response to
the Zionist regime’s atrocities in Lebanon, Iran and Turkey have called on the
Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) to hold an extraordinary session to
halt the aggression.
Iranian President
Mahmud Ahmadinejad and Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan discussed the
idea during a telephone conversation on Friday.
President
Ahmadinejad pointed to the silence of international organizations, particularly
the United Nations and the Security Council, toward the Zionist regime’s assault
on Lebanon and said that it is imperative to halt the atrocities since the
Zionist aggression will not be limited to Lebanon’s borders.
He urged Islamic
countries and the OIC to take measures to end the atrocities, saying that the
capture of two Israeli soldiers has served as an excuse for implementing a
premeditated plot to attack Lebanon, destroy its infrastructure, and kill its
civilians.
The Zionist regime
is a serious threat to international security, and regional countries are
becoming outraged by the major powers’ indifference toward the situation,
Ahmadinejad added.
Erdogan pointed to
Iran’s significant role in maintaining peace and security in the world and said
that regional countries should try to find a way to help the Lebanese nation.
The Turkish prime
minister also stated that an immediate cease-fire should be declared to restore
peace in the region.
Turkey Irate with US and Europe
London, Jul 21 (Prensa Latina-Havana, Cuba) Turkey´s Foreign Minister Abdullah
Gul warned of increasing bad feelings toward the US and Europe among the people
of his nation in an interview the Financial Times daily published Friday.
Gul said that Washington´s backing of Israeli aggression on Lebanon fuels
anger against the White House, which is blocking UN Security Council discussion
on the issue.
Israel began on July 12 this bloody offensive to ostensibly free two Israeli
soldiers captured by the Hezbollah militia.
In that context, The Guardian paper denounced the US gave Israel one week to
continue the indiscriminate bombings against Lebanon, which have left over 300
deaths, hundreds of wounded people and material losses above $2 billion.
The newspaper disclosed that Washington would join international calls to end
that military operation after that period.
The Turkish official also said people were against conditioning recognition
of Cyprus as a state to continue the process of negotiations over Ankara´s entry
into the European Union.
He warned that Turkish legislators will reject demands by the Cypriot
government unless it un-vetoes direct trade with the Turkish Republic of
Northern Cyprus.
Mutual misconceptions:
Arabs need a lot more public diplomacy in the U.S.
WASHINGTON Current debates in the United States over the many
aspects of Middle East policy point to a disturbing reality: Americans do not
know the Arab world, its people or its culture.
This is why U.S. political discussions of Middle East issues are so wildly
off base, why the American public has been so accepting of bad policy
decisions, and why Washington continues to act in ways that alienate the Arab
world from the United States.
Recognizing this growing gap, the Bush administration and some think tanks
propose "public diplomacy" initiatives.
While there is no doubt that most Arabs do not understand America and its
complex political and social culture, the more pressing need, I believe, is
for the United States to understand the Arab world.
The state of affairs is disturbing, given the deep ties that bind the
United States to this critical region.
First and foremost are the human connections. Over one million American men
and women have fought in the Middle East; over 100,000 Americans live and work
throughout the Middle East and Arab Gulf states, and hundreds of thousands
more come each year as tourists and visitors.
Arabs, too, have a long history in the United States. More than 3 million
Americans are of Arab descent. Hundreds of thousands of Arabs have come to the
United States to study (a significant percentage of cabinet ministers in the
Gulf received their education in the United States), and millions of others
have come to visit or do business with American partners.
These are only some of the ties that bind us. There are also the mutually
beneficial economic interests. American companies are the largest source of
investment in many Arab countries and the United States, in turn, is the
recipient of most Arab foreign investment.
It is also a fact that since the end of the Vietnam war, the United States
has spent more foreign aid, sold more weapons, sent more troops, fought more
wars, lost more lives and invested more political and diplomatic capital in
the Middle East than anywhere else.
Yet all of this has been done without any real understanding of the region
and its needs. The sad fact is that for most Americans the Middle East didn't
matter until 9/11.
Then, out of their anger and fear, Americans began to ask questions. But
the problem was only compounded by those who were called upon by the media to
provide the answers: analysts - who at first didn't know the difference
between Iran and Iraq; commentators and "experts" with a long history of
anti-Arab bias; reporters, many of whom covered the region with no
understanding of its history or culture, and politicians, who exploited the
public's fear and anger for their own advantage.
The tragic result was that negative stereotypes were recycled and
conventional wisdom was presented as reality. Real damage was done.
It was in this context that the administration was able to say that an
invasion of Iraq would bring democracy to the Middle East, or that the reason
the United States has a problem in the Arab world is because there weren't
enough democracies in the region, or that extremists hate the United States
because American stands for freedom.
It was ignorance of the Arab world and the needs and aspirations of the
Arab people that first got the United States into a hole in the Middle East.
More bad policy, driven by a distorted understanding of the region, is making
the hole deeper.
Moralizing about this sad situation won't change anything. Some Arab
leaders have now recognized the dangers inherent in this situation. They
understand the importance of the ties that bind the Arab and American people.
But too little has been done to actually create change in the current
negative dynamic. Some Arabs have begun to invest in programs to educate
Americans about the Arab world and Islam. Some have sought to directly engage
American elites and opinion makers in an effort to change opinion. But it is
still not enough.
If the need to educate U.S. thinking and policy is as great as I believe it
is, the Arab world must do more. The politics of America preclude change
without a strong push from the outside.
Arab leaders must undertake their own massive public-diplomacy campaign in
the United States. Such efforts were discussed shortly after 9/11. As the
continued deterioration on the Israeli-Palestinian and Iraqi fronts and the
disturbing debates over the Dubai Ports World make clear, the situation, left
untended, can only grow worse.
James Zogby is president of the Arab American Institute in
Washington. www.aaiusa.org
Malaysia regrets the US and West favoritism for Israel
Kuala Lumpur, July. 9, (BNA) Malaysia which currently chairs the
Organizations of the Islamic Conferences, expressed its dissatisfaction with
the favoritism of the US and the West for Israeli which continues its
aggression against the Palestinian people. Malaysian Foreign Minister, Hamid
Al Bar, expressed his regret on the US French refusal on an Arab decision to
request the Security Council to urgently intervene and stop the Israeli
aggression.
He stressed
that the OIC was holding a number of meetings in New York to issue a
statement to denounce the Israeli aggression against the Palestinian people.
Putin warns against clash of civilizations as religious summit opens
By JIM HEINTZ Associated Press 07/03/2006
MOSCOW - President Vladimir Putin urged religious leaders meeting here to
counter what he said were efforts to set Christians and Muslims against each
other, warning that a potential clash of civilizations could bring disaster.
"Attempts are being made to split the world on the basis of religion or
ethnicity, to drive a wedge primarily between the Christian and Islamic
communities" Putin said Monday, opening a meeting of international religious
leaders that aimed to craft a statement to be sent to the upcoming summit of
the Group of Eight major industrialized nations.
"In effect, a conflict of civilizations is being thrust upon the world," he
said. He did not specify who he believes is to blame, but added that "it is
necessary to fully understand to what catastrophic consequences this
confrontation could lead."
The religious leaders' conclave, which concludes Wednesday, was organized
by the Russian Orthodox Church on the suggestion of Russia's Inter-Religious
Council and includes representatives from 40 countries. They were expected to
discuss the role of faith and religion in society, protection of moral values
and the fight against terrorism and extremism.
The Vatican, which the Russian Orthodox Church accuses of poaching converts
in Russia, sent a high-level delegation headed by Cardinal Walter Kasper, head
of the Vatican's Council for Christian Unity.
But the Orthodox Church did not invite some prominent religious figures.
The Dalai Lama was not invited in order to avoid interfering with the Tibetan
Buddhist figure's relations with China, according to Metropolitan Kirill, the
Russian Orthodox Church's head of external relations.
Iraqi religious leaders also were not invited after last month's killings
of Russian Embassy staff there.
"We consider it impossible after the tragedy that happened with Russian
diplomats in Iraq," church spokesman Vsevolod Chaplin said, according to the
ITAR-Tass news agency.
Terrorism appeared likely to be the summit's top issue.
"It is impossible to effectively fight strife, violence, vices, extremism
and terror without a spiritual and moral basis in the life of the people,"
said Patriarch Alexy II, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Ayatollah Ali Tashiri, head of Iran's Islamic Culture and Relations
Organization, told the summit's opening meeting that "the root of terrorism is
poverty, injustice and the absence of moral values," and he praised Putin for
efforts to improve Russia's relations with the Islamic world.
Yona Metzger, the chief rabbi of Israel, denounced Islamist violence as a
misuse of that religion's precepts.
"What right do they have to use the name of Islam, a peaceful religion, for
murder," he said through a translator.
The summit's concluding declaration is to be sent to the G-8 summit, which
runs from July 15-17 in St. Petersburg.
Turkey warns of fallout if its EU bid is quashed
Turkey's chief EU negotiator warned on Tuesday that if the European Union
killed the country's EU membership bid because of problems over Cyprus, the
impact across the Muslim world "could be far beyond imagination."
The 25-member bloc, under pressure from Cyprus, has given Turkey until the end
of the year to open its ports and airports to Cypriot ships and planes.
If the membership bid fails, said Ali Babacan, who is also the country's
economy minister, "very few people will blame Cyprus." Instead, he said, it
would be taken as a message that "East and West don't mix."
"The consequences could be far beyond imagination," he said, without going
into details.
Babacan held up Turkey as an example of "a country that is mostly Muslim that
is going through a fundamental democratization process" to join the EU.
"We are sending the right kind of signals to a whole part of the world," he
said. "The way the changes in the region will take place is of utmost
importance." (AP) International Herald Tribune July 12, 2006
Annan lends support to Turkey’s EU bid
ANKARA - Turkish Daily News Friday, June 30,
2006
U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan considers Turkey's European
Union process part of a U.N.-led Alliance of Civilizations initiative urging
national and international action against prejudice, misperceptions and
polarization between cultures and civilizations, reported the NTV news channel
yesterday.
As the representatives of the Alliance of Civilizations urging dialogue
and understanding between religions and cultures, State Minister Mehmet Aydın
and former Spanish Minister Federico Mayor met with Annan at U.N. headquarters
in New York, said NTV.
Referring to Turkey's bid to join the EU, sources quoted Annan as saying
during the meeting that “Turkey's EU membership process is a part of the
Alliance of Civilizations initiative.” Turkey and Spain are the co-sponsors of
the U.N. initiative launched in November 2005.
“Turkey is a symbol of the harmonization between civilizations that
is attempting to be maintained in the world in all of its dimensions. The
harmonization of civilizations will be maintained in the EU with Turkey's
participation,” Aydın reportedly said during the meeting.
A report on the U.N. initiative will be submitted to Annan by the end of
this year, according to Aydın. However, an Alliance of Civilizations
conference will convene in Istanbul in November with the participation of the
leaders of the project before the report is submitted.
UN official to visit Cyprus, Greece, Turkey in
early July:
A top U.N. official will head to Greece, Turkey and Cyprus early next
month to evaluate prospects of talks resuming over the divided island, a U.N.
spokesman was quoted as saying by Agence France-Presse on Wednesday.
The U.N. mission will be headed by Ibrahim Gambari, the undersecretary
general for political affairs, said U.N. spokesman Stephan Dujarric.
Gambari will make his trip “to assess the political situation in and
around Cyprus and to evaluate the prospects of a resumption of talks aimed at
reaching a comprehensive settlement,” Dujarric said.
Gambari will visit both Ankara and Athens July 3-5 and will travel on to
Cyprus for a July 6-9 stay. There he will meet with Greek Cypriot leader
Tassos Papadopoulos and Turkish Cypriot President Mehmet Ali Talat, officials
said.
A spokesman for Talat earlier told AFP that the Turkish Cypriot leader
would meet with Papadopoulos on July 8 as part of the U.N.-sponsored
initiative.
The two sides have not met since a U.N.-proposed reunification blueprint
was voted down by the Greek Cypriots in an April 2004 referendum, a move that
ushered the Greek Cypriot administration into the EU.
MOSCOW Nearly 300 leaders and representatives of religious
communities from 49 countries ended a three- day meeting on Wednesday with an
appeal to the leaders of the Group of 8 countries gathering in St. Petersburg
in mid-July to combat and condemn extremism and manipulations of religion for
extremist ends.
The meeting, which opened Monday with a speech by President Vladimir Putin
in which he spoke of the danger of a "conflict of civilizations" between
Chrstians and Muslims, was the largest international interfaith gathering in
Moscow since Soviet leaders rallied religious leaders to their Cold War-era
campaign against NATO nuclear missiles in the 1980s.
Russia holds the G8 presidency this year and the religious meeting ahead of
the July 15-17 summit in St. Petersburg is another example that its newly
assertive positions on issues ranging from business to geopolitics has now
expanded to include religion.
The World Summit of Religious Leaders was convened at the initiative of
Patriarch Aleksy II of the Russian Orthodox Church and Russia's Interreligious
Council, a body that brings together representatives of the Orthodox Church,
Islam, Judaism and Buddhism, which are officially defined as Russia's
"traditional religions."
The summit included Hindus, Shintos and Protestants as well, and was
especially notable for a large Vatican delegation, signaling a thaw in
relations with the Russian Orthodox Church that has progressed since the
election of the German Pope Benedict XVI. He succeeded Poland's John Paul II,
who was long viewed with suspicion in Moscow for stirring national feelings
that led to the rise of Solidarity and eventually the popular revolutions that
toppled Communism and ended Soviet control.
Putin had promised to inform G8 leaders of the results of the religious
summit, whose resolution was passed without formal vote or any objections, and
avoided mention of specific countries or conflicts when addressing the
tensions posed by extremism.
"We consider it our duty to oppose enmity on political ethnic or religious
grounds," it said, adding: "We deplore the activities of pseudo-religious
groups and movements destroying freedom and health of people as well as the
ethical climate in societies."
The resolution also addressed issues of economic inequality and
contemporary attacks on traditional morals.
The summit, which took place in the President Hotel, a high-security
compound, was notable for its goodwill, but tensions, especially those in the
Middle East, were still palpable.
At a news conference on Wednesday, Ayatollah Muhammad Ali Taskhiri of Iran
reiterated his country's stand on Israel. "I don't see anything in common
between Iran and Israel and don't believe that this dialogue could be
serious," he said. He did not preclude religious dialogue between Judaism and
Islam, however, "since these two great religions have much in common."
Erdogan: We Take Necessary Steps Regarding Middle East
MALATYA - ''We are taking steps and doing what is required to avoid a
bloodbath in the Middle East,'' Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan
said on Wednesday.
Speaking at a groundbreaking ceremony in eastern city of Malatya, Erdogan
indicated, ''we cannot stand idle regarding the actual situation in the Middle
East. We had diplomatic talks regarding the matter.''
Erdogan also noted that he had (phone) conversations with Palestinian and
Israeli authorities, U.S. President George Bush, UN Secretary General Kofi
Annan, British PM Tony Blair and Russian President Vladimir Putin.
''We will continue to do what it takes to reach a solution (of the problem
in the Middle East),'' he underscored.
Erdogan stated, ''Turkey is in the project on the Alliance of
Civilizations, because it is for a global peace in the world.''
Akdeniz İşadamları Örgütü Erdoğan-Zapetoro inisiyatifi
önemli (İngilizce)
The Voice of Business in the Mediterranean
UMCE: Arms should be taken over by ceasefire and dialogue
Tunis, July 25th 2006: The Union of Mediterranean Confederations of
Enterprises (UMCE), the Voice of Business in the Mediterranean, condemns the
latest violent developments and all forms of terrorism in the Middle East that
resulted in hundreds of death, thousands of wounded, and hundreds of thousands
of homeless.
UMCE believes that these confrontations paralyze not only physical and
psychological health of Middle East peoples but also the economic and
commercial relations among the countries of the region that should underpin
politically warmer relations within the framework of Euro-Mediterranean
integration.
The High Level Group for Alliance of Civilizations initiative of UN Secretary
General, co-sponsored by the Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodriguez
Zapatero and the Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and the latest
joint declaration of both prime ministers about the escalation of violence in
the Middle East on 22nd of July 2006 should be seen as a very important
development to stop the violence and the revitalization of regional peace. As
the Euro-Mediterranean business, we are completely backing this initiative
with others that should lead to an urgent cease-fire.
UMCE is ready to play its role vis-à-vis the demands of peace emanating from
the regional countries in which it is represented.
Tunis July 25th 2006
Daha fazla bilgi için: www.umce-med.org
ABHaber 26.07.2006
Attempts
are being made to divide the world along religious or ethnic lines, to drive a
wedge first of all between Christianity and the Islamic world, Russian President
Vladimir Putin said
Wednesday, July 05, 2006
ENI
More than 200 religious leaders from several dozen countries have arrived in
Moscow for the World Summit of Religious Leaders, which is scheduled to adopt a
resolution addressed to the leaders of the Group of Eight (G8) countries who are
to meet in St. Petersburg on 15-17 July.
"Attempts are being made to divide the world along religious or ethnic lines,
to drive a wedge first of all between Christianity and the Islamic world,"
Russian President Vladimir Putin said in his 3 July address to the gathering.
"The world is practically being forced into a conflict of civilisations."
Russia holds the presidency of the group of the world's leading
industrialised powers this year and has sought to assert itself in a number of
spheres from geopolitics to business, and now religion.
Putin promised to inform the G-8 leaders of the results of the religious
summit, in his address to the opening ceremony at Moscow's President Hotel, a
high-security compound that was used by Communist Party leaders and is still run
by the Kremlin.
Patriarch Alexei II of the Russian Orthodox Church, which initiated the
summit, emphasised the role of morality in avoiding conflicts. Ayatollah
Muhammad Ali Taskhiri of Iran praised Putin's efforts for seeking common ground
with Islam and stressed that Islam is a religion of peace.
Israel's Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi Yona Metzger, who leads mainly Jews of
European descent, supported him but also lashed out at those who deny the
Holocaust.
The Vatican delegation, led by Cardinal Walter Kasper, president of the
Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity, is the largest, the latest
indication of a reported thaw in relations between the Russian Orthodox Church
and the Roman Catholic Church since the election of Pope Benedict XVI.
Many of the world's top religious leaders are participating, including World
Council of Churches general secretary Samuel Kobia, Pope Shenouda of Egypt's
Coptic Orthodox Church and the Grand Mufti of Syria, Baderddin Hassoun.
The religion summit's statement, to be adopted at the end of the meeting on 5
July, will address questions of terrorism and family values, organizers have
said.
Still, several major religious leaders were absent. In an interview with
Rossiya, Russia's main state television channel, Metropolitan Kirill, the
chairperson of the Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow
Patriarchate, said the Dalai Lama was not invited so as not to jeopardise
Tibetan Buddhists' fragile negotiations with the Chinese government.
At a news conference in June, Kirill said the Pope was not invited so as not
to "mix historical events". Benedict's predecessor, Pope John Paul II, had for
years publicly expressed his desire to visit Russia, but the Russian Orthodox
Church resisted such a visit.
Article written by Sophia Kishkovsky
Putin lends support to Alliance of Civilizations
Wednesday, July 5, 2006 ANKARA - TDN with
AP
‘In effect, a conflict of civilizations is being thrust upon the world,’ says
the Russian president
Russian President Vladimir Putin has urged religious leaders meeting in
Moscow to counter what he said were efforts to pit Christians and Muslims
against each other, warning that a potential clash of civilizations could bring
disaster.
While opening a meeting of international religious leaders that aimed to
craft a statement to be sent to the upcoming summit of the Group of Eight (G8)
major industrialized nations late on Monday, the Russian leader also lent
support to a U.N.-led Alliance of Civilizations initiative co-sponsored by
Turkey and Spain, reported NTV yesterday.
“In effect, a conflict of civilizations is being thrust upon the world,” he
said. He did not specify who he believes is to blame but added that “it is
necessary to fully understand what catastrophic consequences this confrontation
could lead to.”
A report on the U.N. initiative will be submitted to U.N. Secretary-General
Kofi Annan by the end of this year. An Alliance of Civilizations conference will
convene in Istanbul in November with the participation of the leaders of the
project before the report is submitted.
The religious leaders' meeting, which concludes on Wednesday, was organized
by the Russian Orthodox Church at the suggestion of Russia's Inter-Religious
Council and includes representatives from 40 countries. They were expected to
discuss the role of religion in society, the protection of moral values and the
fight against terrorism and extremism.
The Vatican, which the Russian Orthodox Church accuses of poaching converts
in Russia, sent a high-level delegation headed by Walter Cardinal Kasper, head
of the Vatican's Council for Christian Unity.
However, the Orthodox Church did not invite some prominent religious
figures. The Dalai Lama was not invited in order to avoid interfering with the
Tibetan Buddhist figure's relations with China, according to Metropolitan Kirill,
the Russian Orthodox Church's head of external relations.
Iraqi religious leaders were also not invited after last month's killings
of Russian Embassy staff there.
“We consider it impossible after the tragedy that occurred with the Russian
diplomats in Iraq,” church spokesman Vsevolod Chaplin said, according to the
ITAR-Tass news agency.
Terrorism appeared likely to be the summit's top issue.
“It is impossible to effectively fight strife, violence, vice, extremism
and terror without a spiritual and moral basis in the life of the people,” said
Patriarch Alexy II, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Ayatollah Ali Tashiri, head of Iran's Islamic Culture and Relations
Organization, told the summit's opening meeting that “the root of terrorism is
poverty, injustice and the absence of moral values,” and he praised Putin for
efforts to improve Russia's relations with the Islamic world.
Yona Metzger, the chief rabbi in Israel, denounced Islamist violence as a
misuse of that religion's precepts.
“What right do they have to use the name of Islam, a peaceful religion, for
murder?” he asked through a translator.
The summit's concluding declaration is to be sent to the G-8 summit, which
runs from July 15-17 in St. Petersburg.
A three-day conference in Moscow on inter-religious dialogue wraps up
Wednesday. In opening the event, Russian president Vladimir Putin urged
religious leaders to counter efforts to pit Muslims and Christians against each
other in a clash of civilizations.
Jewish representation included Chief Rabbi Yona Metzger and Rabbi Israel
Singer of the World Jewish Congress.
After fury over
cartoons, an attempt at dialogue
Flemming Rose, the Danish editor who published cartoons
of the Prophet Muhammad that ignited what some called a war of civilizations,
walked into a conference hall full of European and American Muslims, braced
for more of the same.
By Alan Cowell The New York Times
Published: July 11, 2006
COPENHAGEN Flemming Rose, the Danish editor who
published cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad that ignited what some called a war
of civilizations, walked into a conference hall full of European and American
Muslims here Monday, braced for more of the same.
Instead, some - Americans in particular - lined up to be photographed with
him. And, though some Danish Muslims took him to task, he said, "we are still
able to engage one another in conversation."
The crisis, in other words, has provoked some self-examination here and the
beginnings of a more open, if sometimes rancorous, debate between the Muslim
minority and the Christian majority.
"Danes have been the first to reflect on their own values and what's
negotiable and what's not negotiable in our society," Rose said. "Now a lot of
people in Denmark recognize that freedom comes with a price."
In many ways, Rose seems serenely unrepentant. When he appeared before the
conference of scholars, intellectuals and activists, his fervor for unbridled
freedom of speech seemed undiminished.
"In a democratic society, no one can have the right not to be ridiculed,"
he said, referring back to the 12 contentious cartoons, one of which depicted
Muhammad wearing a turban fused like a bomb. "It is very important to separate
the secular from the sacred. It's even more important for people who are in
favor of freedom of religion."
Publication of the cartoons provoked a wave of violent protest and
bloodshed in much of the Islamic world, though not in Denmark itself.
Denmark's goods were boycotted in the Middle East, its flags burned and its
diplomatic missions attacked.
But in Europe the crisis raised different questions, affecting not just
Denmark's 200,000 Muslim minority - roughly 4 percent of the population - but
millions more across the Continent: Has Europe failed to offer its Muslim
immigrants a sense of belonging and acceptance? Put bluntly: On what terms
will, or can, Europe embrace the immigrants it uses for its economies yet
keeps remote from its societies at a time when the Continent itself is
striving to define its own future?
"The two questions that Europe asks are: Is Islam compatible with
democracy? Is Islam compatible with human rights?" said Ndeye Andujar, a
Spanish delegate at the conference, organized by the not-for-profit American
Society for Muslim Advancement.
An Iranian-born American Muslim author, Reza Aslan, said the Continent had
answered those questions with "this rampant Islamophobia that has seized
Europe."
The discussion in Denmark has been nuanced by divisions and upsets within
Muslim society, mirrored by a creeping acceptance among some Danes that, for
years, they ignored tensions just below the serene surface of their cradle-to-
grave welfare state.
Just recently, for instance, nine members of the same Muslim family of
Pakistani lineage were sentenced to prison terms of up to 16 years for the
so-called honor killing of Ghazala Khan. Just 18 years old, she was gunned
down by her brother last September because her father disapproved of her
marriage to an Afghan man.
Danish Muslims in general were repelled by the killing, said Zubair
Hussein, a spokesman for Muslims in Dialogue, an advocacy group. "I feel
offended that we still have people who say they get some honor from killing.
We cannot accept that at all." Such incidents, though, reinforce the
perception of a profound divide between an inward-looking minority and an
equally insular majority.
"Muslim society is living the life of the village 50 years ago," said Sara
Leth, a Danish radio reporter. "Danes have to understand the language the
Muslim people speak, their religion, their culture instead of assuming that
they think like Danes. We don't have the same values: wake up, we are in a
multicultural society."
But that recognition, she said, has come "20 years too late. Denmark is a
little village, too."
Rose's appearance at the conference was, he said, the first time he had
attended a public gathering of so many Muslims since the cartoon crisis
erupted six months ago. At that time, his newspaper bosses sent him on leave
for almost three months and his latest assignment has been to interview
leading figures in the United States - not to publish cartoons.
He is still a contentious figure in Europe. At the conference here, he
said, he arrived by bicycle. But, recently, traveling to speak to university
students in Oxford, England, he was met by security policemen at Heathrow and
escorted by them throughout his stay. The debate provoked by the cartoons also
persists, pitting a European insistence on free speech against an argument
that such liberties are not absolute if they offend the deepest beliefs of
others.
Why, for instance, Usama Hasan, a British imam at the Copenhagen
conference, asked Rose, could Europeans not learn "a sense of the sacred from
Muslims."
Indeed, said Youssef Azghari, a Dutch university lecturer, "in Western
culture in general they emphasize freedom rather than respect for religious
figures."
Anas Osman, an American Muslim who works for a division of the investment
bank Morgan Stanley, told Rose: "It's not censorship to be considerate of
others."
But Rose insisted that, short of inciting murder, the freedom of speech in
a secular society could not be limited by the sensitivities of anybody's
faith.
"I am in favor of removing laws making Holocaust denial an offense," Rose
said in an interview. "I'm against laws against blasphemy or limiting the
right to ridicule religion."
During the conference, he was taken to task in particular by Danish
Muslims. "The concept of free speech in Denmark was never challenged" in a
manner to justify the publication of the cartoons, said Sherin Khankan, an
author and head of a counseling service for Muslim women.
Fatih Alev, the Turkish-born Danish imam of a Copenhagen mosque, said Rose
had not published cartoons mocking Jews and Christians, suggesting that Rose's
newspaper, the right-of-center Jyllands-Posten, "has some restrictions" on
freedom of expression where other faiths are concerned.
"But this is not valid when it applies to Islam," he said, echoing
widespread complaints that Europeans apply different standards in dealings
with Muslims.
"Many Muslims do not feel society is communicating with them. Danish
society is talking about Muslims, not talking to Muslims," Alev said. Indeed,
said Hussein, the spokesman for Muslims in Dialogue, "we have this debate in
public that's full of monologue, not dialogue."
For all that, many people on both sides of the discussion said they felt
the cartoons had tapped into and exposed what Alev in an interview called
"something that was really, really wrong in this country. So what was wrong
has become transparent. The cartoon crisis has been an eye-opener for Muslims,
non-Muslims and people outside Denmark."
OIC calls for intervention
Published: Thursday, 6 July, 2006
JEDDAH: The Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC)
called on the international community yesterday to “intervene urgently” to bring
an end to Israeli attacks on Palestinians, a statement said.
OIC Secretary General Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu contacted members
of the Middle East Quartet comprising the US, Russia, European Union and the UN,
as well as EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana, demanding urgent intervention
“to stop Israeli aggression against the Palestinian people, their government
institutions, ministers and MPs”, the statement said.
Ihsanoglu “condemned Israel’s oppressive measures against the
Palestinians”, the 57-member Jeddah-based OIC said.
Ihsanoglu “urged international bodies to exert pressure on
Israel to respect international law and the Geneva Convention” and help find a
negotiated diplomatic solution to the crisis, it added.
The OIC chief also sent messages to Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas and
Prime Minister Ismail Haniya expressing “solidarity with the Palestinian people
and their just cause”. – AFP
Arinc: We Should Learn Lessons From Cartoon Crisis
COPENHAGEN - ''We should learn lessons from the recent cartoon crisis. A
sincere and fruitful dialogue should be set up by taking into consideration
sensitivities of nations,'' said Turkish Parliament Speaker Bulent Arinc on
Friday.
Speaking at the Conference of Speakers of EU Parliaments in Copenhagen,
Denmark, Arinc said, ''I believe that discussions over the future of Europe will
make a valuable contribution to our efforts to create a powerful Europe. We
consider those discussions as an initiative to develop a new vision for Europe
in the 21st century. Those discussions will guide the EU to shape its global
role in the future.''
''On the other hand, EU's enlargement process has contributed to the Union's
emergence as an economic power. As the European Commission pointed out in its
statement, accession of ten new member states to the EU has created a single
market with a population of 450 million,'' he said.
Highlighting importance of dialogue among civilizations, Arinc said, ''the
tension which escalated between the western and the Islam worlds after
publication of several cartoons in Denmark resulted in prevalence of
common-sense at the end. We should learn lessons from this crisis. A sincere and
fruitful dialogue should be set up by taking into consideration sensitivities of
nations. We believe that development of an influential inter-cultural dialogue
should be a part of our future vision.''
''As you know, a meeting will take place in Istanbul in November within the
framework of the Alliance of Civilizations co-chaired by Turkish Prime Minister
Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Spanish Prime Minister Jose Luis Zapatero. An action
plan will be approved at this meeting. I call on all parliament speakers to form
a 'Platform for Dialogue among European Civilizations' in an effort to
contribute to such a beneficial initiative,'' he stressed.
Referring to terrorism, which has been jeopardizing world peace, Arinc said,
''as we underlined on numerous occasions, fight against terrorism requires
cooperation among all countries. Parliaments of all countries should act
together against threats of terrorism. Also, we should make a joint definition
of the terrorism to avoid misunderstandings.''
After the session, Arinc partook in a luncheon hosted by Queen Margrethe II
of Denmark in honor of guest speakers.
Meanwhile, Arinc had a brief meeting with Italian Senate Speaker Franco
Morini.
JOINT STATEMENT ON THE OCCASION OF THE VISIT OF THE
PRESIDENT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF SPAIN TO INDIA Tuesday, July 04,
2006
The following is the text of the joint statement issued on the occasion of
the visit of the President of the Government of Spain to India:
Prime Minister of India Dr. Manmohan Singh and President of the Government of
Spain Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero today re-affirmed their commitment to further
enhancing and strengthening relations between the two countries.
The two sides agreed to institutionalize the process of political dialogue at
various levels, commensurate with the expanding bilateral relationship. They
will also intensify consultations and cooperation in international organizations
and other multilateral fora, with a view to jointly addressing global
challenges.
Economic and trade relations between India and Spain have flourished in recent
years. The two Governments agreed to work actively together to realize the full
potential of economic linkages between the rapidly growing Indian and Spanish
economies. They agreed to make all efforts to expand bilateral trade and the
volume of two-way investments and joint ventures in each other’s countries. The
two sides would also work towards forging business partnerships in the following
priority sectors: energy, tourism, food processing, automobiles, environment,
information technology and infrastructure.
They agreed to work towards closer cooperation in the defense sector, including
the possibility of joint research and development.
The two sides expressed satisfaction at the increasing cultural exchanges
between the two countries. Both sides look forward to the inauguration of the
Casa de la India building in the City of Valladolid in Spain in November 2006
and to the next civil society dialogue under the aegis of Casa Asia and Indian
Council of World Affairs, scheduled to be held in India in October 2006.
The two sides agreed to further promote cultural and academic exchanges between
the two countries and expressed their willingness to support and facilitate the
increase in the number of Spanish lecturers in Indian Universities in the
following years and took note with satisfaction of the announced opening of a
Cervantes Institute in New Delhi in 2007.
The two sides recognize the importance of establishing direct air links in
strengthening tourism, economic, political and people-to-people relations
between India and Spain. In this context, both Heads of Government agreed that
their respective Civil Aviation Authorities will renegotiate the existing
bilateral Air Services Agreement within three months.
The two sides will also work towards facilitating the movement of
businesspersons, professionals and tourists, as well as students and academics
between the two countries. Both sides took note with satisfaction of the
proposed opening in 2007 of a Consulate General in Mumbai (which will include a
Trade Office), as well as a Tourism Office.
The two sides agreed to strengthen cooperation in science and technology through
building a close network of linkages between the institutions of the two
countries.
Recalling the Outcome Document adopted by the 2005 World Summit, both Heads of
Government reaffirmed the vital importance of an effective multilateral system,
in accordance with international law, to better address the multifaceted and
interconnected global challenges and threats and to achieve progress in the
areas of peace and security, development and human rights. They expressed their
firm support for the work of the United Nations as a fundamental framework for
multilateralism and agreed on the urgent need for a comprehensive reform of the
United Nations to enable it to address today’s challenges more effectively. The
two leaders reiterated their commitment to continue their active and
constructive role in the ongoing process of UN reform.
The two leaders reiterated their strong condemnation of terrorism, in all its
forms and manifestations, constituting as it does a criminal and unjustifiable
act and one of the most serious threats to international peace and security.
They recalled the Joint Declaration made by the two countries in 1993 on
cooperation in combating terrorism, drug trafficking and organized crime. Both
Heads of Government recognized the need to extend support and solidarity to the
victims of terrorism, as well as to the development of appropriate international
mechanisms to this end, and agreed to further strengthen cooperation at
bilateral and multilateral levels. They called upon the member states of the UN
to make further concerted efforts to conclude the comprehensive Convention on
International Terrorism, as well as the adoption of a global strategy against
terrorism at an early date. They also agreed to continue to constructively
contribute to the discussions at the UN aimed at adopting and implementing a
global strategy against terrorism. These measures will further strengthen the
moral, political and legal authority of the UN and international community, as
well as the operational tools to fight this scourge in all its aspects.
India and Spain expressed their firm support for the Alliance of Civilizations
initiative. Both Governments await with interest the Action Plan that the High
Level Group will be submitting to the Secretary General before the end of the
year and declare themselves willing to explore, once its contents are known,
possible ways of collaborating to jointly support the implementation of the
ensuing recommendations.
They further reaffirmed the importance of the Strategic Partnership between
India and the European Union and agreed to work together in further enhancing
ties through the implementation of the comprehensive Joint Action Plan.
A number of agreements and MoUs were signed during the visit. These include:(i)
MoU on Institutionalisation of Political Dialogue, (ii)Mutual Legal Assistance
Treaty on Criminal Matters, and (iii) MoU between Technology Development Board
(TDB), India and Center for Development of Industrial Technology (CDTI), Spain.
The two sides are also actively pursuing cooperation in a number of other areas
such as Science and Technology, Information Technology, Film Production, Tourism
and Environmental Issues, where agreements and MOUs are under finalisation.
The Agreements and MOUs signed today reflect the growing bilateral interaction
between India and Spain and will provide significant impetus to realizing the
full potential of the relationship between the two countries.
Arinc's Talks In Denmark
COPENHAGEN - Turkish Parliament Speaker Bulent Arinc, who is currently in
Copenhagen for the Conference of Speakers of EU Parliaments, separately met
German Parliament Speaker Norbert Lammert and Danish Parliament Speaker
Christian Mejdahl.
During his meeting with Lammert, Arinc recalled that Turkey started actual
negotiations with the EU on its way to be a full member, stating that some
countries became full members of the EU earlier (than they should be) and this
caused some problems.
Later Arinc had a meeting with Mejdahl and invited him to Turkey.
Holding a meeting with reporters over a breakfast in Turkish embassy in
Copenhagen on Sunday, Arinc said that the age to be elected should be reduced to
25.
''The age to vote is 18 and the age to be elected is 30 in Turkey. The age to
be elected should be reduced to 25 with a constitutional amendment,'' he said.
In regard to the Conference of Speakers of EU Parliaments, Arinc indicated,
''we have informed participants on Turkey's EU accession process, the project of
Alliance of Civilizations and some other issues.''
Published: 7/5/2006
Zapatero reprocha a Israel el uso "de una fuerza
abusiva" contra inocentes indefensos
El jefe del Ejecutivo también condena el secuestro de soldados del Ejército
israelí
EL PAÍS - España - 20-07-2006 ANABEL DÍEZ - Alicante
Ante más de 3.000 jóvenes socialistas de todo el mundo, el secretario
general del PSOE, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, condenó toda violencia y
también el secuestro de soldados israelíes, pero censuró a Israel por el uso
"de una fuerza abusiva" que no permite defenderse a seres humanos inocentes.
El líder socialista se puso de nuevo ayer en Alicante del lado de quienes
sufren los ataques de Israel, y aventuró que "los silencios de hoy en Oriente
Medio serán el arrepentimiento de mañana". Zapatero defendió con intensidad la
Alianza de Civilizaciones como único instrumento contra el fanatismo.
Las Juventudes Socialistas de España y su secretario general, Herick
Campos, fueron los anfitriones en Alicante del Festival Mundial de la Unión
Internacional de las Juventudes Socialistas, que reunió a más de 3.000 jóvenes
de todos los continentes. También había una nutrida representación de jóvenes
palestinos y del Partido Laborista de Israel.
"Tenemos que condenar cualquier tipo de violencia y rechazamos los
secuestros [de soldados iraelíes], aunque tenemos que exigir que nadie se
defienda con una fuerza abusiva que no permite defenderse a seres humanos
inocentes". Zapatero continuó en medio de aplausos y vítores: "Los Estados
tienen derecho a defenderse del terrorismo y del fanatismo, pero, ante todo,
quienes tienen derecho a ser defendidos son los seres humanos inocentes: los
silencios de hoy ante Oriente Medio pueden ser el arrepentimiento de mañana
cuando se cuente la pérdida de vidas humanas".
Con esta intervención, el líder del PSOE reafirma sus tesis en contra de
los ataques de Israel y, además, no desaprovecha ningún foro para aludir a la
guerra de Irak. "¿Dónde están las voces de los que sí defendieron la guerra de
Irak? Sólo en dos meses hay ya 6.000 personas muertas. ¿Para qué? Nunca más".
De nuevo los aplausos de los jóvenes atronaron el Paraninfo de la Universidad
de Alicante.
En este foro se habló mucho de la Alianza de Civilizaciones impulsada por
Zapatero, y cuyo desarrollo está en manos de la ONU. El núcleo central
político de este festival de jóvenes discurre precisamente por esta tesis de
entendimiento de culturas y civilizaciones.
El líder de los socialistas enfrentó su tesis con quienes creen
irreversible "el choque de civilizaciones" y para que no se cumpla animó a los
jóvenes a "combatir" la pobreza y todo caldo de cultivo que da lugar a
fanatismos y totalitarismos. Para este fin, Zapatero mencionó el trabajo de la
maestra de ceremonias en este acto, Leire Pajín, secretaria de Estado de
Cooperación, para recordar que en esta legislatura la ayuda a la cooperación
será del 0,5% del PIB.
Al final del acto, decenas de jóvenes subieron al escenario para
fotografiarse con Zapatero. Uno de ellos, para sorpresa del presidente, le
colocó unos segundos el pañuelo palestino para inmortalizarse con él. Zapatero
enseguida se despojó del mismo. Otros, mientras tanto, ondeaban banderas
saharauis.
Zapatero asegura que no le preocupan los "insultos" del PP, sino que no
haya más víctimas del terrorismo
Dice que "el tiempo se cuenta con vidas humanas" y
que "los silencios de hoy" en Oriente Medio "pueden ser arrepentimientos
mañana"
ALICANTE, 19 Jul. (EUROPA PRESS) -
El presidente del Gobierno, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, aseguró hoy
que "sobre lo que representa el objetivo de alcanzar la paz en Euskadi, toda
descalificación, todo insulto será perfectamente asumible" y que al Ejecutivo
no le preocupan "los insultos", sino que "no vuelva a haber una víctima del
terrorismo".
"No nos afectará, no nos debe afectar para nada porque trabajamos con un
fin muy noble y creo que nada mejor que poder dejar una tarea que tantos
ciudadanos comparten de ver el fin de la violencia", dijo el jefe del Gobierno.
Rodríguez Zapatero llegó al paraninfo de la Universidad de Alicante,
donde se celebra el Festival de la Unión Internacional de Juventudes
Socialistas (IUSY), ante los aplausos de los jóvenes socialistas asistentes.
Fue presentado por la secretaria de Estado de Cooperación, Leire Pajín, quien
recordó parte del discurso que el presidente dio hace un año en Naciones
Unidas sobre la paz.
Así, el presidente del Gobierno, que hizo una referencia a la situación
en Oriente Medio con la advertencia de que "los silencios de hoy" pueden ser "arrepentimientos
mañana" y subrayó que "esperar a que pase el tiempo se cuenta con vidas
humanas", comenzó su intervención trasladando a los jóvenes que están "en un
país, España, acogedor, en un país para la paz, que vive en paz, y lucha por
la paz como primer gran objetivo de nuestra democracia". Además, pese a que
todos intervinieron sentados, él quiso hacerlo de pie porque, según dijo, "quiero
veros a todos el mayor tiempo posible".
Durante el encuentro, hubo un turno de preguntas de los jóvenes a al
presidente del Gobierno. En una de ellas, un joven lo felicitó "por su arrojo
y valentía" ante lo que consideró "el insulto extremo de los
ultraconservadores" respecto al proceso de paz en el País Vasco.
A este respecto, Rodríguez Zapatero respondió que "no nos deben
preocupar los insultos ni las descalificaciones, lo que nos debe preocupar
únicamente es que no vuelva a haber una víctima del terrorismo", y al tiempo "agradeció
a las juventudes socialistas la actitud que tienen" respecto al proceso de paz.
ALIANZA CIVILIZACIONES
Por otro lado, también se refirió a la Alianza de Civilizaciones, que se
va a presentar después de un año de trabajo en Naciones Unidas y que se trata
de "un programa de acción concreto, de iniciativas, especialmente en el ámbito
de la educación, del intercambio cultural, de los jóvenes, de los medios de
comunicación".
Rodríguez Zapatero resaltó así que la Alianza de Civilizaciones "no la
van a hacer los gobiernos, sería insuficiente, la tiene que hacer las
sociedades, los ciudadanos" a partir del próximo otoño.
"Sé que no será fácil pero yo tengo experiencia en hacer cosas que mucha
gente decía que no era fácil de hacer", según destacó el presidente del
Gobierno, quien dijo saber que habrá "muchos ciudadanos, mucha gente que
piense bien del futuro de la Humanidad, mucha gente que crea en la política,
que crea en el diálogo, en la tolerancia, en la palabra, arrimará el hombro".
"Es un empeño difícil, pero que merece la pena y espero contar con vuestro
apoyo y aliento para la tarea", pidió.
En esta línea, opinó que Europa es "a veces algo más importante que ella
misma cree y siente" porque la UE "representa casi una conquista de alcance
utópico" por "la propia existencia de países que se unen, que respetan la
diversidad, que se anteponen a las propias banderas nacionales son valores
inequívocamente progresistas, democráticos".
EXTENSION DERECHOS
De este modo, pronosticó que "la extensión de los derechos ciudadanos,
el respeto a la diversidad, el principio de la igualdad entre géneros y el
respeto pleno a la orientación sexual de cada ciudadano se impondrá en Europa
antes que después, en todos los países europeos".
"Y la Alianza de Civilizaciones debe servir para demostrar a algunos
gobiernos y a muchos grupos fanáticos que se puede compartir y respetar todas
las identidades que no tiene por qué haber un muro entre Oriente y Occidente",
según incidió.
Para Rodríguez Zapatero, es "probable que esto sea la alternativa a lo
que proponen determinadas fuerzas llamadas neoconservadoras, pero en ese
discurso neoconservador quedó implícito el choque de civilizaciones, lo
inevitable de la confrontación, la fuerza y la firmeza como el único camino
para ver menos violencia, más entendimiento es un discurso acabado desde el
principio al fin".
Argumentó que éste "fue el discurso que sustentó la guerra de Irak, un
discurso neoconservador, una única visión para el mundo, una visión exclusiva
y excluyente". Sin embargo, esgrimió que ese discurso "no lo sostienen ya ni
los propios neoconservadores" porque, según dijo, "no cabe una única visión
del mundo, no hay una verdad absoluta, y la fuerza, los misiles, no son el
camino para extender la democracia y tener más estabilidad, más seguridad y
más paz".
Por ello, justificó su "tendencia al optimismo" y que el "discurso
neoconservador no tiene futuro, no tuvo pasado porque no fue un discurso
político, fue un discurso científico, pretendidamente científico, elaborado en
un laboratorio y alejado de la gente y de los ciudadanos".
CONDENAR VIOLENCIA
En esta línea, Rodríguez Zapatero abogó por "condenar cualquier tipo de
violencia", "rechazar los secuestros" y "exigir que nadie se defienda con una
fuerza abusiva que no permite defender a los seres humanos inocentes que caen
y pierden su vida". A su modo de ver, "los estados tienen derecho a defenderse
ante la violencia, ante el terror, ante el fanatismo, pero nunca olvidemos que
ante todo está el derecho a la defensa de los seres humanos inocentes. Y los
silencios de hoy ante lo que se vive en Oriente Medio pueden ser
arrepentimientos mañana, esperar a que pase el tiempo se cuenta con vidas
humanas".
De la misma forma, se preguntó "dónde están las voces de los que
defendieron la guerra de Irak". A este respecto, apuntó que Naciones Unidas "acaba
de informar de que 6.000 personas han muerto en los últimos dos meses y desde
que comenzó la intervención militar 50.000 civiles. Cabe preguntar: para qué,
y cabe afirmar: nunca más".
Zapatero advierte de las repercusiones globales del
conflicto de Oriente Medio
AGENCIAS 22 de julio de 2006
El presidente del Gobierno, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, y el primer
ministro turco, Recep Tayip Erdogan, suscribieron un comunicado conjunto en el
advierten de que el conflicto de Oriente Medio "amenaza con arrastrar a toda
la región a un bloqueo caótico con repercusiones globales".
En el comunicado, remitido por el Ministerio de la Presidencia, Zapatero y
Erdogan condenan "todas las formas de terrorismo", afirman que "no podemos
aceptar que bombas o misiles caigan sobre la población civil", y rechazan "firmemente
el uso desproporcionado de la fuerza". Además, demandan la liberación de los
soldados israelíes secuestrados, así como "de los detenidos durante la crisis,
incluidos ministros y diputados".
Ambos mandatarios realizan un llamamiento a las Naciones Unidas, la Unión
Europea y "otras organizaciones internacionales relevantes", así como "a las
naciones y a los líderes internacionales", para que intensifiquen "los
esfuerzos en curso para poner fin a la espiral de violencia y hostilidad" en
Oriente Medio.
Repercusiones globales
Aseguran que esa espiral "amenaza con arrastrar a toda la región a un bloqueo
caótico con repercusiones globales" y se ofrecen, como co-patrocinadores de la
Alianza de Civilizaciones, a "contribuir en la manera que se estime más
apropiada" a la paz en la región.
Zapatero y Erdogan aseguran que la "negación de los más fundamentales e
inalienables derechos a la vida, seguridad y libertad, amenaza con ampliar aún
más la brecha que estamos intentando estrechar" y recalcan que "las graves
repercusiones de esta confrontación se harán sentir más allá de Oriente Medio".
Los jefes de Gobierno de España y Turquía recuerdan que la "dramática escalada
de violencia" en Oriente Medio "ha sesgado ya la vida de cientos de civiles
inocentes y heridos a muchos más".
"Además de niños inocentes, mujeres y ancianos, los valores fundamentales de
la Humanidad están intentando sobrevivir bajo los escombros de casas, puentes,
escuelas, hospitales, centrales de energía, estructura y poblaciones civiles
que están siendo castigados con bombardeos", manifiestan Zapatero y Erdogan.
La paz, perfectamente posible
Ambos consideran que la confrontación en Oriente Medio "no es inevitable" y
que "al contrario, la paz en la región es perfectamente posible", y aseguran
que las soluciones "ya han sido identificadas".
Zapatero y Erdogan señalan que "es posible" que deba revisarse "el enfoque
seguido hasta ahora en la búsqueda de la paz", pero subrayan que lo "imperativo"
ahora es relanzar el proceso de paz "urgentemente".
Para ello, hacen hincapié en que "se necesita voluntad política suficiente"
para llevar a cabo las "complejas concesiones que todas las partes concernidas
deben hacer" en favor de la paz y la seguridad en la región.
El presidente del Gobierno español y el primer ministro turco se muestran "convencidos"
de que "en un futuro no muy lejano los ciudadanos de todos los países mirarán
hacia atrás y no comprenderán por qué hoy sus líderes actuales no eran capaces
de resolver sus diferencias a través del diálogo y la negociación".
"Las armas deben dar paso al diálogo y las negociaciones. No hay tiempo que
perder, el tiempo para la acción concertada es ahora. Nuestro futuro está en
juego. No podemos permitirnos el lujo de limitarnos a seguir viendo cómo se
desarrolla la tragedia", concluye el comunicado.
España y Turquía se ofrecen como mediadores para frenar la escalada
bélica en el Líbano
Rodríguez Zapatero y el primer ministro turco advierten de que el
conflicto amenaza con dejarse sentir más allá de Oriente Medio
El presidente del Gobierno y el primer ministro turco suscribieron ayer
un comunicado en el que se ofrecen, como copatrocinadores de la Alianza
de las Civilizaciones, a mediar en la crisis en Oriente Medio. Zapatero
y Erdogan advierten de que el conflicto “amenaza con arrastrar a la
región a un bloqueo con repercusiones globales”.
España y Turquía se ofrecen como mediadores para
frenar la escalada bélica en el Líbano
Rodríguez Zapatero y el primer ministro turco advierten de que el
conflicto amenaza con dejarse sentir más allá de Oriente Medio
El presidente del Gobierno y el primer ministro turco suscribieron
ayer un comunicado en el que se ofrecen, como copatrocinadores de la
Alianza de las Civilizaciones, a mediar en la crisis en Oriente
Medio. Zapatero y Erdogan advierten de que el conflicto “amenaza con
arrastrar a la región a un bloqueo con repercusiones globales”.
M. SÁIZ-PARDO/ MADRID
El presidente José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero y el primer ministro turco,
Recep Tayyip Erdogan, los dos copatrocinadores de la denominada Alianza de
Civilizaciones, hicieron público ayer un comunicado conjunto en el que se
ofrecen como mediadores para frenar la escalada bélica en Líbano.
Ambos, que dicen “estar listos para contribuir en la manera que se estime
más apropiada”, apremian a la comunidad internacional para lograr un alto
el fuego. “No hay tiempo que perder porque el tiempo para la acción
concertada es ahora”, apuntan. “Nuestro futuro está en juego y no podemos
permitirnos el lujo de limitarnos a seguir viendo cómo se desarrolla la
tragedia”, señalan los dirigentes español y turco.
Rodríguez Zapatero y Erdogan se muestran preocupados por el hecho de que
“las graves repercusiones de esta confrontación se hagan sentir más allá
de Oriente Medio”. Los dos Gobiernos, que aseguran “condenar todas las
formas de terrorismo” en clara referencia a los atentados de Hezbolá,
también dicen “rechazar firmemente el uso desproporcionado de la fuerza”
porque “no podemos aceptar que bombas o misiles caigan sobre la población
civil”. “La negación de los más fundamentales e inalienables derechos a la
vida, seguridad y libertad amenaza con ampliar aún más la brecha que
estamos intentado estrechar”, señala el comunicado.
La paz es posible
Los gobernantes español y turco señalan tajantes que la confrontación en
Oriente Medio “no es inevitable”. “La paz en la región es perfectamente
posible” porque, argumentan, “las soluciones han sido identificadas”. No
obstante, reconocen que “es posible que tengamos que revisar el enfoque
seguido hasta ahora en la búsqueda de la paz” porque lo que ahora “resulta
imperativo es que relancemos el proceso de paz urgentemente”.
Los ejecutivos de Madrid y Ankara, que reclaman a las partes enfrentadas
“voluntad política suficiente para llevar a cabo las complejas concesiones”
que llevaran a la paz, hacen un llamamiento a Naciones, a la Unión Europea,
a las organizaciones internacionales, a las naciones y a los líderes
internacionales para que “intensifiquen los esfuerzos en curso para poner
fin a la espiral de violencia y hostilidad que amenaza con arrastrar a
toda la región a un bloqueo caótico con repercusiones globales”.
Llamada al diálogo
El presidente del Gobierno español y el primer ministro turco se muestran
“convencidos” de que “en un futuro no muy lejano los ciudadanos de todos
los países mirarán hacia atrás y no comprenderán por qué hoy sus líderes
actuales no eran capaces de resolver sus diferencias a través del diálogo
y la negociación”. “Las armas deben dar paso al diálogo y las
negociaciones. No hay tiempo que perder, el tiempo para la acción
concertada es ahora. Nuestro futuro está en juego. No podemos permitirnos
el lujo de limitarnos a seguir viendo cómo se desarrolla la tragedia”.
Además, demandan la liberación de los soldados israelíes secuestrados, así
como “de los detenidos durante la crisis, incluidos ministros y diputados”.
España y Turquía a favor de
paz en Medio Oriente
Madrid, 22 jul (PL) Ante el incremento de la escalada israelí en el
Líbano, los gobiernos de España y Turquía abogaron hoy a favor de relanzar
con urgencia el proceso de paz en el Medio Oriente.
En un documento publicado en esta capital, el presidente del Gobierno,
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, y el primer ministro turco, Recep Tayyip
Erdogan, condenaron el uso desproporcionado de la fuerza y todo tipo de
terrorismo.
Ambos, copatrocinadores de la Iniciativa Alianza de Civilizaciones,
coincidieron en señalar que no hay tiempo que perder, pues el futuro está
en juego y no se puede continuar observando pasivamente la tragedia y como
bombas, y mísiles caen sobre la población civil.
Rodríguez Zapatero y Erdogan pidieron a la ONU y la Unión Europea la
intensificación de sus esfuerzos para poner fin a la crisis.
También demandaron la liberación de los soldados secuestrados por
Hezbolá, pero igualmente de ministros y diputados palestinos en manos del
ejército israelí.
Además solicitaron a las dos partes implicadas la voluntad necesaria
para las complejas concesiones que deben hacer a favor de la paz y la
seguridad en la región.
Desde hace varios días, la aviación israelí bombardea el Líbano y la
Franja de Gaza causando cientos de muertos y heridos entre la población
civil.
La ofensiva la comenzó tras secuestrar Hezbolá dos de sus soldados,
respuesta considerada desproporcionada por la mayoría de la comunidad
internacional.
Desde entonces, en varias ocasiones el gobierno español ha solicitado
el cese inmediato de las hostilidades y ha pedido la intervención de la
ONU y la UE en el conflicto.
Precisamente, este sábado entraron tropas de Tel Aviv en territorio
libanés, mientras continúan los bombardeos contra Beirut y otras zonas,
destruyendo el país. El conflicto ha dejado más de 50 mil desplazados.
Zapatero pide más esfuerzo UE y ONU
frente a los reproches del PP
El presidente del Gobierno, José Luis Rodríguez
Zapatero, pidió hoy, junto al primer ministro turco, que la ONU y la UE
realicen un mayor esfuerzo para poner fin a la violencia en Oriente Medio
y el PP le acusó de comportarse como un líder 'tercermundista' y de
provocar el descrédito de España.
En un comunicado conjunto suscrito por Zapatero y el
primer ministro turco, Recep Tayip Erdogan, ambos mandatarios advierten de
que el conflicto de Oriente Medio 'amenaza con arrastrar a toda la región
a un bloqueo caótico' y rechazan el uso 'desproporcionado' de la fuerza.
Condenan 'todas las formas de terrorismo' y demandan la
liberación de los soldados israelíes secuestrados, así como 'de los
detenidos durante la crisis, incluidos ministros y diputados'.
La respuesta del PP a la actuación del Gobierno ante lo
que acontece en Oriente Medio ha sido, de nuevo, de censura total, como
así lo expresó el presidente popular, Mariano Rajoy, quien acusó a
Zapatero de comportarse como 'el líder de un país tercermundista', en
contra del criterio de la UE y de la ONU, y organizando 'una cruzada
contra Israel'.
Afirmó que su política, en lugar de ser la propia 'de un
país civilizado y de gobernantes normales en la UE', se parece a la de
'Fidel Castro, Hugo Chávez y Evo Morales' y consideró que el Gobierno 'ha
tirado por la borda' el crédito internacional de España.
Rajoy volvió a criticar que Zapatero se fotografiara
ataviado con el pañuelo palestino, un gesto que tachó de 'gracieta de
progre de pacotilla'.
Mientras tanto, el ministro de Exteriores, Miguel Angel
Moratinos, anunció que asistirá el próximo día 26 a una reunión en Roma de
máximos responsables de política internacional de Europa, EEUU y otros
países, dirigida a 'buscar un camino de paz' en el conflicto Israel-Líbano.
El Gobierno, subrayó Moratinos, 'está haciendo todo lo
que está en su mano para poner punto final a las hostilidades' en la zona,
donde 'no cabe una solución militar', dijo el ministro durante su
intervención en la mesa redonda 'Por una alianza entre las naciones',
organizada en el marco del Foro Joven Internacional de Juventudes
Socialistas que se desarrolla en la Universidad de Alicante.
'Tendremos que recordarle' a Israel que 'con aviones y
tanques no se alcanza la paz' y la solución al conflicto, señaló, 'debe
ser pacífica, negociada y diplomática'.
Una posición similar sostuvo la secretaria de Relaciones
Internacionales del PSOE, Trinidad Jiménez, quien dijo que 'el camino
emprendido por Israel', con sus ataques al Líbano, 'es erróneo y va en
contra de sus propios intereses, porque lo único que va a conseguir es
incrementar aún más la violencia y la inseguridad en la zona'.
En la búsqueda de una salida pacífica al conflicto, el
líder de Unió Democrática de Catalunya, Josep Antoni Duran Lleida, opinó
que España puede desempeñar un papel más destacado que el resto de los
países europeos por sus tradicionales buenas relaciones tanto con el mundo
árabe como con Israel y 'debe ser consciente de este capital político'.
Las voces de algunas de las partes implicadas en la
crisis actual se escucharon igualmente en la mesa redonda que ha
auspiciado la Universidad alicantina, las cuales coincidieron en afirmar
que la paz 'es posible' entre Palestina e Israel.
Así lo señalaron el ex jefe de los servicios secretos
israelíes Ami Ayalon y el que fuera asesor de política de seguridad del
Gobierno de Yasser Arafat, Mohamed Dahlan, quienes añadieron que ambos
Estados deben asumir la 'coexistencia'.
La iglesia también expresó su preocupación por los
acontecimientos y así, el cardenal Primado de España y arzobispo de
Toledo, Antonio Cañizares, pidió a la comunidad diocesana que secunde
mañana la jornada mundial de oración y penitencia por la paz en Oriente
Medio que ha convocado el papa Benedicto XVI y les conmina a orar 'para
que se respeten los derechos en aquella zona'.
Cañizares recordó que la Santa Sede considera que 'los
libaneses tiene derecho a que sea respetada su integridad y la soberanía
del país, los israelíes tienen derecho a vivir en paz en su Estado y los
palestinos a poseer su propia patria, libre y soberana'.
Una manifestación a favor de la paz y de la Alianza de
Civilizaciones, que comenzó a las 20.00 horas, cerrará en San Vicente del
Raspeig, campus de la Universidad de Alicante, la jornada que ha tenido
lugar en el marco del Foro Joven Internacional de Juventudes Socialistas,
que se celebra en dicho centro universitario, y a la que está prevista la
asistencia de los participantes en la conferencia.
Más 4.000 jóvenes todo mundo participan esta semana
foro Alicante
Más de 4.000 jóvenes de todo el mundo participan a partir
de mañana en el Foro Internacional de Juventudes Socialistas, que reunirá
durante una semana a representantes del PSOE y del Ejecutivo, entre ellos
al presidente del Gobierno, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero.
El foro, un proyecto que tiene como principal objetivo
promover la participación de los jóvenes en la agenda política y de
cooperación internacional, incluye el Festival Mundial de la Unión
Internacional de Juventudes Socialistas (IUSY), el Foro de debate Cooper@ctiva
y la Feria temática Inici@ctiva.
En él está previsto que participen unos 4.000 jóvenes de
más de cien países a los que se sumarán a lo largo de la semana el
presidente del Gobierno, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, que intervendrá el
miércoles; la ministra de Educación y Ciencia, Mercedes Cabrera, y la
vicepresidenta del Gobierno, María Teresa Fernández de la Vega, que
clausurará el foro el próximo domingo.
El secretario de Organización del PSOE, José Blanco, que
ya presentó este encuentro mundial en San Vicente del Raspeig el pasado
mes de marzo, será el encargado de inaugurar el programa de actos y
conferencias el martes por la tarde.
El miércoles por la tarde participará el secretario de
Movimientos Sociales del PSOE, Pedro Zerolo, mientras que el jueves lo
hará la ministra de Vivienda, María Antonia Trujillo, y el viernes la de
Medio Ambiente, Cristina Narbona, y el ex presidente del Gobierno Felipe
González.
Bajo el lema 'Unete a la Alianza de Civilizaciones. El
Mundo nuestro país, por una nueva Alianza de la Humanidad', los
participantes tratarán los principales puntos de la agenda internacional,
como el mantenimiento de los derechos humanos en la lucha global contra la
violencia, la Declaración del Milenio de las Naciones Unidas o la Alianza
de Civilizaciones.
El Foro Joven Internacional pretende ser, según fuentes
de la organización, un espacio de 'debate e información pero, sobre todo,
un punto de encuentro de la sociedad civil joven para apoyar la Alianza de
Civilizaciones'.
La Unión Internacional de Juventudes Socialistas
promueve cada tres años la celebración de este encuentro mundial, en el
que participan jóvenes de organizaciones juveniles de los partidos
socialistas, laboristas y socialdemócratas que forman parte de la
Internacional Socialista.
En esta ocasión, se ha elegido la Universidad de
Alicante para acoger este encuentro, ya que la organización la considera
'un ejemplo de interculturalidad'.
Según indicaron las mismas fuentes, el foro incluye un
amplio abanico de actividades, entre las que destaca la exposición 'JSE,
100 años protagonistas del cambio', que se inaugura mañana en el museo de
la Universidad de Alicante.
Además están previstos conciertos, proyecciones de
películas, representaciones teatrales, actividades deportivas y
excursiones a Elche, Alicante y la Marina Baixa.
El Foro de debate Cooper@ctiva incluye un ciclo de
conferencias, un curso universitario y seminarios preparados por muchas de
las organizaciones participantes en el festival, mientras que la Feria
temática Ini@ctiva incluye un Feria de la Juventud Solidaria, con
expositores de entidades, instituciones y empresas, así como de las
organizaciones invitadas.
NUEVA YORK.- El presidente del Gobierno, José Luis
Rodríguez Zapatero, propuso este martes en la Asamblea General de la ONU,
la creación de una alianza de civilizaciones entre occidente y el mundo
árabe y musulmán para combatir el terrorismo internacional por otra vía
que no sea la militar.
"Esta alianza habrá de formarse a partir del estudio por parte de un
grupo de alto nivel", afirmó el martes Zapatero en su discurso ante la
Asamblea General de la ONU".
"Tiene como objetivo fundamental profundizar en la relación política,
cultural, educativa, entre lo que representa el llamado mundo occidental y
en este momento histórico el ámbito de países arabes y musulmanes", agregó.
En su primera aparición ante la Asamblea General de la ONU, Zapatero
también hizo un llamamiento a respetar los principios basados en la
legalidad y en las acciones de las Naciones Unidas.
"El terrorismo no tiene justificación. No tiene justificación como la
peste, pero como ocurre con la peste, se puede y se deben conocer sus
raíces, se puede y se debe pensar racionalmente cómo se produce, cómo
crece, para combatirlo racionalmente", expresó Zapatero en su discurso.
'Guerra contra el terror'
Sin embargo, anteriormente en la conferencia de prensa lanzó una
crítica velada a la estrategia estadounidense de invadir Irak sin la
aprobación del Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU, así como a la "guerra
contra el terror" lanzada por el gobierno del presidente George W. Bush.
"El terrorismo necesita un combate a través de unas determinadas pautas,
es no sólo más adecuado desde el punto de vista del orden internacional,
sino que también es mas eficaz", opinó el mandatario socialista español,
quien tras vencer en las elecciones de marzo decidió retirar las tropas
españolas de Irak.
Su predecesor, el conservador José María Aznar, respaldó abiertamente a
Estados Unidos en su invasión del territorio iraquí, a pesar de la
oposición de la mayoría de los españoles.
Hoja de Ruta
Zapatero afirmó en su discurso que defiende la hoja de ruta del
Cuarteto -conformado por Estados Unidos, Rusia, la Unión Europea y la ONU-
para alcanzar la paz en el Oriente Medio e instó a tomar las medidas
propuestas para alcanzar estabilidad y seguridad en el mundo.
"El tiempo perdido se cuenta en vidas humanas", opinó.
Zapatero sfirmó que apoya a Israel frente al terrorismo, pero criticó
lo que calificó de construcción "ilegal" del muro que esta construyendo
para, según el gobierno del estado judío, detener a los atacantes suicidas
palestinos.
Zapatero afirmó que el conflicto de Oriente Medio "es el tumor primario
de múltiples focos de inestabilidad".
Con respecto a la violencia en Irak, Zapatero dijo que espera que haya
elecciones pronto en ese país árabe y que su gobierno está dispuesto a "dar
el apoyo financiero y político para la recuperación y soberanía del pueblo
de Irak".
"Sin embargo, debo reconocer que el panorama es difícil para que eso
pueda cumplirse. Espero que los plazos marcados como objetivos se puedan
cumplir, pero ante la situación creo difícil que se pueda hacer", dijo al
referirse a las elecciones fijadas para enero del 2005.
Albright respalda la postura de Zapatero con la guerra de Irak y la
Alianza de civilizaciones en el encuentro con Blanco
NUEVA YORK, 12 Jul. (EUROPA PRESS) -
La delegación del PSOE que se encuentra de visita oficial en Estados
Unidos, encabezada por José Blanco y Trinidad Jiménez, ha mantenido hoy
diversos encuentros políticos con altos responsables del Partido Demócrata.
En el encuentro con la ex secretaria de Estado, Madeleine Albright se
abordaron especialmente dos temas: la guerra de Iraq y el proyecto de
Alianza de Civilizaciones de José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero.
En este encuentro, que se produjo a primera hora de la tarde,
Albright compartió la visión que el PSOE ha defendido siempre en relación
con la guerra de Iraq. La ex secretaria de Estado norteamericana y
presidenta de la Fundación que lleva su nombre, constató que la situación
actual que se vive en ese país demuestra con claridad el error histórico
que supuso el inicio y desarrollo de esa guerra.
Madeleine Albright también respaldó el proyecto de Alianza de
Civilizaciones propuesto por el presidente del Gobierno español y asumido
por el Secretario General de la ONU.
La Alianza de Civilizaciones recibió un amplio consenso en la ONU
El trasfondo de la iniciativa es lograr un entendimiento entre
sociedades, a partir del respeto a las diferencias y la búsqueda de
parámetros mínimos que permitan a los diferentes pueblos convivir en paz.
José Blanco, el Secretario de Organización del PSOE, manifestó hoy su
satisfacción, no sólo por el apoyo progresivo sino también por el consenso
generalizado que existe en la Organización de Naciones Unidas (ONU),
respecto de la iniciativa española Alianza de
Civilizaciones.
Luego de reunirse con Iqbal Riza, el representante de la ONU para la
Alianza de Civilizaciones, Blanco indicó que se trataron temas como los
avances en la elaboración del informe con recomendaciones y medidas
concretas para disminuir la brecha entre sociedades.
En el mismo sentido, Blanco anticipó que “en breves días el Grupo de Alto
Nivel presentará su primer borrador. Esto es una noticia positiva, ya que
cuando hay un borrador a punto de salir quiere decir que se está generando
consenso, pese a los obstáculos que pueda haber”, y agregó que “como
impulsores iniciales de la idea, nos sentimos satisfechos con la velocidad
en que se está trabajando”.
El Grupo de Alto Nivel nombrado por el Secretario General de la ONU, Kofi
Annan, es el encargado de elaborar el informe que se prevé estará listo
para noviembre próximo.
El Grupo está compuesto por el Presidente de Irán, Mohamed Jatami, el
arzobispo sudafricano Desmond Tutu, el rabino Arthur Shneier y el
secretario general iberoamericano, el uruguayo Enrique Iglesia.
Blanco destacó, “lo más significativo es como ha evolucionado a lo largo
de este tiempo el apoyo a la idea de la Alianza de las Civilizaciones, que
empezó con un respaldo tenue, pero que ahora existe un consenso general de
que el proyecto debe ir hacia delante”.
José Luís Rodríguez Zapatero, Presidente del Gobierno español, presentó el
proyecto de la mencionada Alianza en la Asamblea General en septiembre de
2004, y luego se sumó a la iniciativa el Primer Ministro turco, Receb
Tayib Erdogan, luego la ONU se puso a la cabeza de la iniciativa.
Por otro lado, Trinidad Jiménez, secretaria de Relaciones Internacionales
del PSOE, quien estuvo presente durante la reunión con Riza, dijo que de
alcanzar un entendimiento entre todos los países no es nada fácil, y
defendió los avances en la elaboración del informe.
Si bien no comentó el contenido del informe, anticipó que de éste surgirán
propuestas y programas para poner en marcha, y algunos de ellos ya están
relacionados con las actividades actuales de la ONU en lo que respecta a
la institucionalidad democrática, así como educación y lucha contra la
pobreza.
Blanco satisfecho por amplio consenso
de Alianza Civilizaciones
El secretario de Organización del PSOE, José Blanco,
expresó hoy su satisfacción por el apoyo progresivo y el consenso
generalizado que existe en la ONU hacia la iniciativa Alianza de
Civilizaciones, lanzada por España.
Así lo expresó Blanco tras reunirse con el representante
de la ONU para la Alianza de Civilizaciones, Iqbal Riza, con quien abordó
los avances en la elaboración del informe con recomendaciones y medidas
concretas para cerrar la brecha entre sociedades.
'Riza nos comunicó que en breves días el Grupo de Alto
Nivel presentará su primer borrador. Esto es una noticia positiva, ya que
cuando hay un borrador a punto de salir quiere decir que se está generando
consenso, pese a los obstáculos que pueda haber', resaltó Blanco.
'Como impulsores iniciales de la idea, nos sentimos
satisfechos con la velocidad en que se está trabajando', agregó.
Se prevé que el informe, que elabora un Grupo de Alto
Nivel nombrado por el secretario general de la ONU, Kofi Annan, pueda
completarse el próximo noviembre.
Entre las personalidades que forman parte de este grupo
de expertos, se encuentran el ex presidente de Irán Mohamed Jatamí, el
arzobispo sudafricano Desmond Tutu, el rabino Arthur Shneier y el
secretario general iberoamericano, el uruguayo Enrique Iglesias.
'Lo más significativo es como ha evolucionado a lo largo
de este tiempo el apoyo a la idea de la Alianza de las Civilizaciones, que
empezó con un respaldo tenue, pero que ahora existe un consenso general de
que el proyecto debe ir hacia adelante', resaltó Blanco.
El presidente del Gobierno, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero,
lanzó la idea de la Alianza de Civilizaciones en la Asamblea General de
septiembre de 2004 y más tarde se sumó a la iniciativa el primer ministro
turco, Receb Tayib Erdogan, hasta que la ONU se hizo cargo del proyecto.
La secretaria de Relaciones Internacionales del PSOE,
Trinidad Jiménez, que participó en la reunión con Riza, afirmó por su
parte que llegar a un acuerdo entre todos los países, que representan
sociedades muy diversas, no es una tarea fácil, y acogió positivamente los
avances en la elaboración del informe.
'El contenido del informe reflejará el recorrido
histórico hasta llegar al momento actual, porque los riesgos que estamos
enfrentando es un fenómeno relativamente nuevo', declaró.
Pese a que no avanzó el contenido, indicó que del
informe surgirán propuestas y programas para poner en marcha, algunos de
ellos ya relacionados con las actividades actuales de la ONU en lo que se
refiere a institucionalidad democrática, educación o combate a la pobreza.
'El concepto que hay detrás de la iniciativa es el
entendimiento entre sociedades, basado en el respeto a las diferencias, y
en buscar los mínimos que debemos mantener para que las sociedades puedan
convivir en paz', precisó. Terra Actualidad - EFE onu-españa
10-07-2006
Ibarra plantea crear una alianza de
religiones para alcanzar paz
El presidente de la
Junta de Extremadura, Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra, ha planteado hoy la
necesidad de crear una alianza de religiones para poder alcanzar la paz en
el mundo, que se ve vulnerada, en su opinión, no tanto por el choque de
civilizaciones sino por el concepto que existe de la religión en las
distintas partes del mundo.
Rodríguez Ibarra asistió hoy en Cáceres a la
inauguración del Curso Internacional Iberoamericano sobre 'Alianza de
Civilizaciones', organizado por el Centro Extremeño de Estudios y
Cooperación con Iberoamérica (CEXECI), en el que participan alumnos de
distintos puntos de España, países europeos y de Latinoamérica.
La alianza de civilizaciones, dijo en su intervención,
es un concepto que lanzó el presidente del Gobierno, José Luis Rodríguez
Zapatero, que 'ha tenido una acogida desigual, cuando lo que pretendía el
presidente -precisó- era anteponer ese concepto al de choque de
civilizaciones'.
Sin embargo, él 'intentaría abogar -según dijo- por una
alianza de religiones, de tal forma que sobre todo las monoteístas fueran
capaces de aliarse para declarar que todas son verdaderas o que todas son
falsas'.
'Si todas fueran verdaderas -añadió- qué más da una que
otra, no sería necesario matar por una frente a otras, y si todas fueran
falsas, nadie sería tan estúpido de matar o matarse por ellas, por lo que
creo que ahí tienen un enorme papel que jugar los líderes religiosos del
mundo'.
Insistió en que 'el problema de choque de civilizaciones
es algo que tiene mucho que ver con la concepción religiosa del mundo'.
Rodríguez Ibarra destacó la importancia del tema que
aborda el curso y dijo que le retrotrae en el tiempo y le acerca de nuevo
a su juventud, un momento en los que se discutía de 'cosas grandes'.
Los políticos españoles, con el paso de los años, no se
hacen conservadores, sino 'pequeños', porque hablan de 'cosas pequeñas',
dijo, como de quién es el río Guadalquivir, quién es nación y de hechos
diferenciales.
'Con cursos como éste, donde se viene a escuchar o
hablar de cosas grandes, te das cuenta de que estamos viviendo en una
política de 'Salsa Rosa', de lo superficial, de lo cotidiano, de lo que no
interesa prácticamente a nadie', indicó.
Respecto al curso que también ha organizado el CEXECI
sobre 'Idea e Imagen de Nación: el Imaginario Nacional', Rodríguez Ibarra
señaló que 'no es nación quien quiere, sino quien puede y que cada uno
saque las conclusiones oportunas'.
'No es nación la que más hechos diferenciales tiene -aseveró-
porque en el consumo interno los hechos diferenciales
son aquellos que existen en un sitio donde gobierna un partido
nacionalista, y donde no gobierna un partido nacionalista -agregó- no
existen hechos diferenciales'.
España: Líder árabe elogia Alianza de Civilizaciones
El líder de la Liga Arabe, Amr Musa, elogió el día 6 la "grandiosa
iniciativa" de la Alianza de Civilizaciones promocionada por el
presidente del gobierno español, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero.
Musa realizó estas declaraciones en Madrid durante la firma del convenio
por el cual se establece la creación de la Casa Arabe en España,
institución que tendrá una sede en Madrid y otra en Córdoba.
Según manifestó el ministro de Exteriores español, Miguel Angel
Moratinos, se trata de una iniciativa para "avanzar en las relaciones
entre España y el mundo árabe".
"Nombres como Madrid, Granada o Córdoba nos evocan nostalgia y un
aliciente para mejorar las relaciones con España", declaró el líder
árabe, quien además manifestó su "cariño" por el país europeo.
Según dijo, la Casa Arabe se basa en aspectos "muy importantes", como
"la cultura" y es que, "árabes y españoles tenemos muchas cosas en común,
no sólo culturales sino también históricas", expresó.
También tuvo palabras para la "sociedad española" por colaborar en esta
iniciativa "tan importante", así como hacia el ministro Moratinos, del
que valoró sus "continuos esfuerzos para acercar a los pueblos árabes y
buscar soluciones al conflicto palestino- israelí".
Por último, mostró su confianza en que la creación de la Casa Arabe "supondrá
un acercamiento a España, pero también a Europa".
La Casa Arabe se crea como plataforma para la acción exterior orientada
a los países árabes y el mundo islámico, con el objeto de estrechar
lazos de cooperación e intensificar las relaciones culturales,
económicas y científicas, así como sociales y políticas.(xinhua)
07/07/2006
http://spanish.peopledaily.com.cn
La India apoya la Alianza de
Civilizaciones de Zapatero
El Gobierno de la India 'apoya en principio' la iniciativa
Alianza de Civilizaciones promovida por el presidente del Ejecutivo
español, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, según dijo a Efe el primer ministro
indio, Manmohan Singh.
Singh destacó en una entrevista con Efe el carácter
'multicultural' y el 'compromiso con el pluralismo' de la India, un país
al que llega esta noche el presidente español para una visita oficial de
dos días.
'Hemos seguido con interés la iniciativa de la Alianza
de Civilizaciones. En principio, la India apoya la iniciativa, creemos que
el Grupo de Alto Nivel constituido por el secretario general de la ONU
presentará pronto su informe. Las delegaciones de la India y de España en
la ONU pueden coordinarse en esta iniciativa', dijo.
Ese Grupo de Alto Nivel estudia las posibilidades de
reducir tensiones y superar las crecientes incomprensiones entre Occidente
y el mundo islámico.
El primer ministro indio destacó la apuesta de su país
por 'la unidad en la diversidad' al señalar que la India 'es una compleja
sociedad multicultural'.
'Nuestro compromiso con la democracia va de la mano en
un compromiso con los valores más profundos del pluralismo y el
liberalismo', indicó Singh.
El primer ministro indicó: 'Está muy enraizada en
nuestra cultura la apuesta india por la diversidad como un ingrediente
esencial de nuestra democracia, lo que hoy caracterizamos de
multiculturalismo'.
El viaje de Zapatero a la India tiene como objetivo
superar la escasa relación bilateral entre la India y España, tanto
económica como política.
Tras llegar esta noche a Nueva Delhi, el presidente
español se entrevistará mañana con Manmohan Singh y clausurará un
seminario empresarial hispano-indio.
El martes viajará a Pune para visitar las empresas
españolas Tata-Ficosa, Rinder y Grupo Antolín, y después se desplazará a
Bombay para asistir a un acto cultural. Terra Actualidad - EFE 02.07.2006
Fractura de civilizaciones
ANA CARBAJOSA - Estrasburgo 29 de junio de 2006
www.elpais.es
El primer ministro turco, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, llevó ayer hasta la
Asamblea del Consejo de Europa la Alianza de civilizaciones, iniciativa
que el mandatario copatrocina junto con el presidente español, José Luis
Rodríguez Zapatero. En un encendido discurso, Erdogan alertó de "la
creciente polarización cultural y religiosa que separa a la civilización
occidental del mundo musulmán". La declaración la efectuó durante una
sesión consagrada a la libertad religiosa y de expresión.
Ante parlamentarios de los 46 países miembros del organismo encargado
de velar por los derechos humanos en Europa, Erdogan volvió a sacar a la
palestra la ya olvidada crisis de las caricaturas del profeta Mahoma
publicadas por un periódico danés, que según consideró, "revela el estado
de la sociedad contemporánea, que se enfrenta a un problema más profundo,
que va más allá de la falta de respeto de los valores religiosos". Ese
problema, según el hombre que dirige el país de más de 70 millones de
habitantes que aspira a formar parte de la Unión Europea, tiene que ver
con el aumento de "una islamofobia que gana terreno". "La libertad de
expresión no puede ser entendida como libertad de insultos", sentenció.
Antes de adentrase en terrenos teológicos y de dedicar grandes
alabanzas "al amor a las criaturas que profesa el creador", terminó de
dibujar el panorama sombrío que a su juicio rige las relaciones entre
Oriente y Occidente. "Tras el 11 de septiembre veo una línea divisoria en
el mundo que los extremistas de ambos lados explotan". Y sin mencionarlo
expresamente, Erdogan dedicó duras palabras al modelo de inmigración
francés, basado en la asimilación de los valores del país de acogida, ley
del velo incluida. "Hay que buscar una manera de integrar a los que viven
en guetos. Hay que poner fin al aislamiento y a los prejuicios", estimó
Erdogan en alusión a la reciente crisis que incendió literalmente las
periferias francesas, habitadas en gran medida por ciudadanos musulmanes.
"En lugar de la asimilación, hay que intentar comprenderles [a los
inmigrantes y sus descendientes] y ayudarles a florecer en la sociedad en
la que viven", defendió el mandatario turco, para quien la Alianza de
Civilizaciones "se trata de todo esto".
Rusia.- Putin reclama que la Alianza de Civilizaciones fomente el
diálogo en la lucha antiterrorista
MOSCU, 29 Jun. (EUROPA PRESS) -
El presidente ruso, Vladimir Putin, reclamó hoy la creación de una
Alianza de Civilizaciones que fomente el diálogo en la lucha contra el
terrorismo, según informa la agencia rusa RIA Novosti.
Al término de una entrevista en Moscú con su homólogo turco, Ahmed
Necdet Sezer, el mandatario ruso subrayó que había hablado de diferentes
aspectos de la lucha contra el terrorismo internacional, en especial tras
el asesinato en Irak de cuatro ciudadanos rusos, entre ellos tres
diplomáticos.
"En esta ocasión, quiero insistir una vez más en la importancia de
la iniciativa avanzada por Turquía y España de crear una Alianza de
Civilizaciones", señaló Putin.
"En el marco de esta alianza, está previsto establecer un diálogo
entre las diferentes comunidades religiosas y culturales sobre los
problemas de la lucha contra el terrorismo y el extremismo", precisó el
mandatario ruso.
onu-civilizaciones
28-06-2006
Educación y medios serán vehículos
para entendimiento de pueblos
La educación y los medios de comunicación serán los
vehículos para promover el entendimiento entre Oriente y Occidente, afirmó
hoy el español Federico Mayor Zaragoza, copresidente del Grupo de Alto
Nivel de la Alianza de Civilizaciones de la ONU.
El ex secretario general de la UNESCO y el ministro
turco Mehmet Aydin, que copreside el grupo de expertos, se reunieron con
el secretario general, Kofi Annan, para informarle de los avances en el
proceso de elaboración de un informe con recomendaciones y medidas
concretas para cerrar la brecha entre el mundo occidental y oriental.
'Hay medidas sobre contenidos educativos, sobre cómo
evitar que haya una educación que desde el principio conduzca a la
violencia', declaró a la prensa Mayor Zaragoza.
'No nos engañemos, que todavía estamos estudiando que si
queremos la paz, preparemos la guerra. Tenemos que cambiar', agregó.
Otros vehículos, según apuntó, para promover estos
cambios serán los medios de comunicación, así como medidas concretas para
abordar la integración de los inmigrantes y el fomento del
multilateralismo, con instituciones como las Naciones Unidas.
'No podemos pensar en movilizar a la gente sin los
medios de comunicación. No sólo deben informar de lo que pasa, sino
también promover una respuesta popular', especificó.
Zaragoza y Aydin tienen previsto presentar en diciembre
a Annan el informe, después que se haya celebrado la cuarta reunión del
Grupo de Alto Nivel en Estambul (Turquía) prevista para octubre.
Las otras reuniones plenarias de este grupo de expertos
tuvieron lugar en Palma de Mallorca (España), Qatar y Dakar, y la de
Estambul será la última y definitiva.
'Hemos comunicado a Annan que estamos satisfechos, ya
que hasta ahora nos han ofrecido una gran cantidad de apoyos', declaró
Mayor Zaragoza, quien dijo que le ha entregado por escrito las propuestas
recogidas en sus reuniones con diferentes grupos religiosos y
organizaciones no gubernamentales.
Pese a que entre las sugerencias propuestas por las
organizaciones de la sociedad civil se encuentra la creación de un Cuerpo
de Solidaridad Juvenil y otras actuaciones concretas, Mayor Zaragoza
insistió en la necesidad de no crear más instituciones de las ya
existentes.
'Lo que tenemos que pedir es que las instituciones que
ya existen actúen de una manera coordinada en favor de la Alianza de
Civilizaciones', resaltó.
Mayor Zaragoza indicó que el éxito de la iniciativa
presentada por el presidente del Gobierno español, José Luis Rodríguez
Zapatero, radica en que lo hizo 'en un momento en que muchos gobiernos e
instituciones, incluso de la sociedad civil, estaban buscando qué podían
hacer en favor de la solidaridad y de la paz'.
Rodríguez Zapatero lanzó la idea de la Alianza de
Civilizaciones en la Asamblea General de septiembre de 2004 y más tarde se
sumó a la iniciativa el primer ministro turco, Receb Tayib Erdogan.
Mayor Zaragoza rechazó que en España no se tome en serio
el proyecto, tras considerar que la población está concienciada, pero se
lamentó que la oposición política actual 'no analice los temas y que
inmediatamente se oponga a cualquier iniciativa'.
Aunque no avanzó detalles sobre qué otras medidas
concretas se contemplarían en el plan de acción que presentarán a Annan,
Mayor Zaragoza mostró su convencimiento de que el documento 'no se quedará
en las estanterías'.
Por su parte, Aydin especificó que el informe no será 'unipolar',
dirigido hacia el Islam, sino que serán medidas concretas para un proceso
'multipolar' contra cualquier tipo de extremismo, sea por motivaciones
políticas o religiosas.
'Existen muchos razonamientos en base a la cultura y a
la civilización que son usados para encubrir problemas de naturaleza
política y social. Tenemos que superarlos', declaró.
El Grupo de Alto Nivel de la Alianza de Civilizaciones
está formado por personalidades como el ex presidente de Irán Mohamed
Jatamí, el arzobispo sudafricano Desmond Tutu, el rabino Arthur Shneier y
el secretario general iberoamericano, el uruguayo Enrique Iglesias.
Asamblea subraya sensibilidad
religiosa no debe limitar expresión
La Asamblea
Parlamentaria del Consejo de Europa aprobó hoy un informe que establece
que la sensibilidad de los grupos religiosos no debe convertirse en un
factor que limite la libertad de expresión.
Con el título de 'Libertad de expresión y respeto de las
creencias religiosas', el documento fue aprobado por 98 votos a favor,
siete en contra y tres abstenciones.
El texto señala que la libertad de expresión 'no debe
estar más restringida para responder a la sensibilidad creciente de
algunos grupos religiosos' y pide medidas a los Estados para luchar contra
la discriminación y la intolerancia religiosa.
La toma de posición de la Asamblea tiene lugar después
de que en los últimos meses se hayan registrado polémicas internacionales
sobre el límite entre la libertad de expresión y el respeto a la religión.
Unas caricaturas de Mahoma, originalmente publicadas en
un diario danés y criticadas por grupos musulmanes, y la obra 'El código
da Vinci', por sectores católicos, son ejemplos de esa controversia en los
últimos tiempos.
El informe respaldado hoy por el Consejo de Europa
defiende que el debate, la sátira, el humor y la expresión artística 'deben
disfrutar de un alto grado de libertad de expresión' y apunta que 'el
recurso a la exageración no debe percibirse como una provocación'.
El texto se congratula por la puesta en marcha de la
Alianza de Civilizaciones y las iniciativas adoptadas por el secretario
general de Naciones Unidas.
La resolución recuerda que las religiones han
contribuido a fomentar los valores, ideas y principios espirituales y
morales del patrimonio común de Europa, y subraya que la diversidad
cultural es 'una fuente de enriquecimiento mutuo y no de tensión'.
En el texto se pide a la sociedad civil y los medios de
comunicación que se impliquen en la promoción de la tolerancia, la
confianza y la comprensión mutua, 'esenciales en la edificación de
sociedades solidarias y en la consolidación de la paz y de la seguridad
internacional'.
"La Alianza de Civilizaciones ha empezado y responde al deseo del
pueblo español"
Esta vez, el presidente del Gobierno ha tenido la oportunidad de
hablar de lo que de verdad le apetecía. El miércoles su aportación
fue animar a sus colegas de la Alianza contra el Hambre a crear
una tasa aérea contra la miseria que él no firmó. En su discurso,
Zapatero ha esbozado la definición de la Alianza de Civilizaciones
a través de su objetivo: "No es sólo el terrorismo, es más
profundo: tolerancia, respeto, entendimiento en un mundo con
distintas civilizaciones que han aportado algo al progreso de la
humanidad y han cometido errores". Le preguntaron por el Sahara y
aplicó su definición.
(Libertad Digital) Después de reunirse con Kofi Annan y el primer
ministro turco Erdogan para estudiar las primeras iniciativas de la "Alianza
de Civilizaciones", propuesta formulada por el presidente español hace
un año y acogida recientemente por Naciones Unidas, el presidente
español ha comparecido en rueda de prensa para explicar ante la prensa
internacional el significado de su iniciativa, junto a su ministro
Moratinos que no ha tenido la oportunidad de intervenir.
Zapatero ha declarado que "tenemos un siglo joven que tiene que ser
mucho mejor que el siglo XX donde 250 millones de personas murieron
por la guerra y el terror". "El siglo XXI tiene que ser el siglo donde
se derrote la violencia y la miseria", ha dicho el presidente español. Además,
el mandatario socialista ha definido a la ONU como la "gran esperanza
del mundo".
Respecto a la repercusión internacional de su idea y, en concreto,
de la postura de EEUU, Zapatero dijo: "España está abierta a que
EEUU aporte ideas a la Alianza de Civilizaciones, sería de gran
interés".
En definitiva, la solución a todo es, según el presidente español,
el diálogo. "Aliarse –dijo– es el camino más poderoso". En este
sentido, dijo que "España debe tener dos identidades, dos discursos:
ser abanderado de la paz y de la lucha contra el hambre y la miseria".
¿Sirve la Alianza para el Sahara?
Uno de los periodistas presentes preguntó si puede hacer algo la
Alianza por el Sahara. Zapatero respondió: "la ONU debe liderar una
solución a un conflicto de décadas". Recordó que "hay un nuevo
representante de Naciones Unidas para el Sahara" y que "el gobierno de
España va a ayudarle y ponerse a su lado". Según Zapatero, hay que
encontrar "una solución en el menor tiempo posible" y "un acuerdo
justo inspirado en las resoluciones de Naciones Unidas y en la acción
política de muchos países".
Sobre los casos de Siria e Irán, Zapatero ha dicho que las
diferencias "tienen que resolverse a través del diálogo, esa es la
receta". Zapatero quiere que su "Alianza de Civilizaciones "impregne
unas y otras culturas de poder de entendimiento y de colaboración".
El proyecto de "Alianza de Civilizaciones" comenzará a desarrollarse
formalmente a finales de noviembre en Mallorca (Baleares) con la primera
reunión del grupo de alto nivel de 18 miembros que se ha designado
recientemente en Annan, entre los que destacan el ex presidente iraní
Mohamed Jatamí, el arzobispo sudafricano y premio Nobel de la Paz,
Desmond Tutu, el consejero real marroquí André Azulay y el ex director
general de la Unesco Federico Mayor Zaragoza.
Tras la rueda de prensa, Zapatero podrá explicar profundidad los
objetivos de esta "Alianza de Civilizaciones" durante su intervención
ante el Council on Foreing Relations (Consejo de Relaciones Exteriores),
uno de los principales centros de estudios de asuntos internacionales en
Estados Unidos y cuya presentación ante sus miembros correrá a cargo del
diplomático estadounidense Richard Hoolb.
El pasado 30 de mayo tuvo lugar el debate sobre el
estado de la nación, o de política general según el Presidente Zapatero.
No quiero entrar sobre polémicas por los tiempos establecidos para los
grupos ni sobre las cesiones o concesiones en la negociación con ETA.
Realmente preocupante, y ha pasado muy por encima, es que de todo el
discurso del Presidente menos de un folio es lo que se refirió a nuestra
política exterior. Y de esos pocos párrafos, la mayoría solo eran
enumeraciones de los actos que se han realizado en España de la ONU y del
, supuesto grupo de alto nivel de la Alianza de Civilizaciones, en un año
donde los países occidentales han sido acosados después de la publicación
de unas caricaturas. ¿libertad de prensa para todos?, parece que no, y
nuestro Presidente fallo en sus declaraciones con Erdogan, con
declaraciones más que tibias.
Sobre iberoamérica, el otro atlantismo exterior, destacó que hemos
reforzado nuestras relaciones con Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Urugay.
Perfecto, si sirven para alejarnos de los países gobernados por populistas
demagogos. Con Brasil estamos sufriendo las nacionalizaciones de Bolivia.
Argentina también sufre las falsedades de Morales y definen muy bien el
discurso de Morales, Chávez y compañía; primero te prometen en público
muchas cosas, después en privado te promete otras y por último termina
concretando otras muy distintas.
Chile por su parte es el chivo expiatorio de Bolivia, el enemigo favorito
de los residentes del altiplano que siempre fueron montañeses y nunca
habitaron en la costa. Morales está incentivando su deseo de llegar a la
mar, esta situación pronto llevará a conflictos. Bolivia recurre al odio
ancestral para desviar la atención de sus problemas y justificar su mala
gestión.
Perú, ya con su nuevo gobierno, ya ha avisado que no va permitir ninguna
injerencia de los países populistas en la política interior de su país.
América del Sur está despertando del mal sueño populista y cada vez más
los gobiernos de Lula, Bachelet, Vázquez y García, entre otros, saben cual
es el sendero a seguir, que es el camino del liberalismo económico, las
políticas aperturistas, la globalización y el progreso. Espero que estos
países sean los aliados españoles en Iberoamérica, y abandonemos de una
vez experimentos como los de Venezuela, Cuba y Bolivia. Más vale tarde que
nunca.
Alianza de
civilizaciones
y sus exigencias básicas
24 de julio de 2006 Un reciente artículo
titulado “Los orígenes intelectuales de la ‘Alianza de Civilizaciones’ y
las contradicciones de la propuesta del gobierno español” de Diego
Saavedra Fajardo enfatiza lo que él aprecia como el error básico de la
enunciación actual de dicha propuesta.
Según él, la premisa es: “Occidente es el compendio de todos los males,
las otras civilizaciones han estado bajo su yugo y la solución es que se
establezca un diálogo donde aceptemos nuestra nula aportación a la
humanidad y nos adhiramos a valores muy diferentes, incluso contrarios a
los nuestros”.
Es importante recordar en contrapartida lo que Arnold J. Toynbee dijo
durante sus diálogos con el filósofo budista japonés Daisaku Ikeda en los
años setenta en Londres, diálogos recopilados en la obra “Escoge la vida”.
Toynbee señalaba: “Si es cierto, como creo, que la religión es la fuente
de vitalidad de una civilización y que la pérdida de fe lleva a la caída
de una civilización, que es remplazada por otra, la historia religiosa de
los pueblos occidentales modernos constituye la clave para comprender las
actuales condiciones y las futuras perspectivas de toda la humanidad,
ahora que el mundo se ha occidentalizado todo en cierta medida”.
Los acontecimientos mundiales provocados por el desafío del islamismo
radical a Occidente están poniendo a prueba y en forma muy seria a
nuestras creencias y los valores sobre los cuales sustentamos nuestras
vidas. Ese reto no solo alcanzará a EEUU, Europa y el resto de la esfera
cultural occidental, sino también a esferas culturales que como las del
Lejano Oriente, mantienen una relación estrecha con aquella e imponen una
gran prueba a la mayoría del mundo islámico.
La tradición judeocristiana, el basamento religioso y espiritual sobre el
cual se edificó la civilización y cultura de Occidente, ya ha sido
sometida en el pasado a enormes retos y lo está siendo también en el
presente. Lo fue y es por el nacionalismo que usó y aún usa a la religión
para justificar sus propósitos excluyentes. Lo fue por el comunismo que
como dice el citado Toynbee es “una herejía cristiana que, como anteriores
herejías, insistió en un determinado precepto cristiano que la clase
dirigente cristiana había descuidado”. Y lo es ahora por el relativismo
cognoscitivo y moral, el individualismo egocéntrico y hedonismo que ha
llegado a constituir los sustentos de una cultura que busca ser hegemónica
dentro del propio Occidente desafiando a la religión y sus valores.
Hay que decirlo claramente que lo que hace expuesta y débil a la sociedad
occidental democrática no son sus libertades y derechos y garantías
individuales, ni sus instituciones libres, ni su tolerancia religiosa, ni
otras expresiones concretas del avance de la conciencia humana, sino el
haber roto el vínculo que une a ellas con sus fuentes: los valores
espirituales y éticos.
Lo que millones de personas ven a lo largo del mundo, por medio de la
televisión y el cine, no es la enorme herencia espiritual de Occidente,
sino la frivolidad de gran parte de su sociedad. Nosotros en Occidente nos
asombramos y criticamos al uso impuesto del “chador” por parte de la mujer
musulmana (hay quienes lo hacen por presión y otras libremente por
elección personal) y ellos -el mundo musulmán- se rebelan frente a la
desnudez sin sentido de la mujer occidental, convertida en un mero símbolo
sexual. No ven madres, hijas y hermanas, ven nuestras modelos, cantantes y
actrices, mujeres y hombres que muestran y hacen en público todo tipo de
actos sin freno moral. Una opción representa muchas veces la imposición
autoritaria de una fe y el otro una expresión del uso egoísta de la
libertad individual sin mirar las consecuencias públicas que ese uso tiene.
Hay que decirlo claramente, que lo que hace expuesta y débil a la sociedad
occidental democrática no son sus libertades y derechos y garantías
individuales, ni sus instituciones libres, ni su tolerancia religiosa, ni
otras expresiones concretas del avance de la conciencia humana, sino el
haber roto el vínculo que une a ellas con sus fuentes: los valores
espirituales y éticos.
Ahora nuestra civilización debilitada “desde adentro” está siendo
desafiada desde “afuera”. Tenemos gente, la mayoría de ellos jóvenes, cuya
única educación inicial es una versión extremista del Islam, fuera del
contexto histórico en el que este nació. Jóvenes cuya única seña de
identidad es ser musulmanes y que odian profundamente a “Occidente” (lo
que ellos creen que es Occidente). Jóvenes cuya única esperanza en la vida
es la recompensa en el “paraíso” por sus acciones “heroicas” en este mundo.
Pero la solución última no será una victoria militar o política, sino que
estará en la capacidad de renovarnos no ya como esfera cultural occidental
sino como civilización humana en su conjunto. Occidente, como otras
civilizaciones en el pasado, no podrá mantenerse sin superarse ni mostrar
grandeza de alma.
Superarse exige volver a los valores fundantes, esto es la resolución del
conflicto interno entre dos forma de ver y vivir la vida (la trascendente,
espiritual y altruista en contraposición a la relativista, materialista y
egocéntrica. Grandeza implica al menos dos cosas: a) ser un ejemplo de
integración de razas, culturas y creencias y b) ser capaz de abrasar el
mundo compartiendo las bendiciones de su progreso en todos los campos.
Solo así Occidente, con un origen judeocristiano pero integrado hoy por
pueblos de diversas religiones, podrá cumplir su rol en la historia.
A la vez el mundo islámico debe, al igual que sucedió con el cristianismo
en el pasado, reformarse. El ex gobernante tunecino Charfi sostiene eso
mostrando el ejemplo de su país, señalando: “Nosotros enseñamos las
teorías de los teólogos modernos del Islam. Hay centenares de autores que
hacen esfuerzos para que evolucione el pensamiento islámico, para que
pueda sintonizar con el siglo XXI. El pensamiento cristiano también
evolucionó desde la Inquisición y las Cruzadas hasta el Vaticano II “.
Lo que sí está claro es que un Diálogo entre Civilizaciones y mas allá de
eso una Alianza de las mismas, debe contemplar como lo pidió el Vaticano
recientemente reciprocidad del mundo musulmán con la libertad religiosa
que gozan sus creyentes en Occidente y no aceptar una ley como la que
aprobó el gobierno iraní, la cual exige que los judíos, cristianos y otras
minorías religiosas usen símbolos distintivos en sus ropas para
identificarlos como no musulmanes. Eso de acuerdo a la experiencia
histórica es el preámbulo de males mayores.
En una Alianza de Civilizaciones la libertad religiosa y de conciencia es
primaria y fundamental. La calidad humana de “hijo de Dios” es anterior y
está por encima de la adhesión a una fe religiosa.
Europa, en pausa
EL PAÍS - Opinión - 17-06-2006
Antes que profundizar en la reflexión, el Consejo Europeo ha alargado la
pausa para pensar qué hacer con el Tratado Constitucional, ratificado por
15 Estados miembros, pero rechazado en referéndum por Francia y Holanda.
El propio texto se dio dos años, hasta noviembre de 2006, para sopesar qué
camino tomar si para entonces "uno o varios" miembros hubieran "encontrado
dificultades para proceder a dicha ratificación
", cláusula pensada para el más que posible fracaso en Dinamarca y
Reino Unido. Tras la bofetada franco-holandesa, los Veinticinco se dieron
otro año de plazo. Y ahora, aunque Merkel impulse la reflexión durante la
presidencia alemana en el primer semestre de 2007, los Veinticinco se han
dado hasta 2009 para resolver el embrollo. La Unión Europea quedará hasta
entonces en una pausa institucional que no tapa sus grandes dudas sobre su
ser y alcance.
Esta pausa empieza a tener graves consecuencias externas. Ayer, el
Consejo Europeo decidió que no habría nuevas ampliaciones, más allá de la
ya firmada a Rumania y a Bulgaria, hasta que la Unión tenga la suficiente
"capacidad de absorción" de nuevos miembros. Es algo que la UE tenía que
haberse planteado hace años, antes de dar falsas esperanzas a un país
clave en Eurasia como es Turquía, con quien abrió finalmente negociaciones
de adhesión el pasado lunes, pero en cuyo seno se están produciendo graves
retrocesos y un pulso nada disimulado entre partidarios del Estado laico e
islamistas moderados en el Gobierno, mientras aparecen síntomas de
agitación militar. Erdogan, a su vez, se niega a flexibilizar su actitud
hacia Chipre mientras no se aclare un horizonte europeo, hasta ahora
decisivo para la democratización política y modernización económica de
Turquía.
La pausa institucional y de la ampliación no significa que la Unión
esté varada. Un avance manifiesto -"salto cualitativo", según Zapatero-
fue el apoyo del Consejo Europeo a una acción, si no común, al menos por
parte de nueve Estados miembros, para frenar la llegada de inmigrantes
ilegales, con la creación de equipos de intervención fronteriza de
urgencia, vigilancia marítima y ayuda a África. Pero falta una auténtica
política común y con presupuesto a la medida del desafío.
La decisión de los Veinticinco de financiar programas en Palestina sin
pasar por el Gobierno de Hamás, y el viaje del alto representante, Javier
Solana, a Teherán indican que la política exterior europea no se ha parado.
El anuncio de la entrada de Eslovenia en el euro en 2007 refuerza la
moneda única. Aún a falta de liderazgo político, de perspectiva
institucional e incluso de ambición, cabe decir de la UE que, paralizada,
sigue avanzando.
Entre la reflexión y el recuerdo de sus anteriores obras y como experto
en múltiples religiones, el teólogo abogó por la 'alianza de
civilizaciones' propuesta por el presidente del Gobierno, José Luis
Rodríguez Zapatero, como forma de solucionar los conflictos religiosos e
internacionales y evitar las guerras. «No habrá paz entre civilizaciones
sin diálogo». Y recalcó que es necesario evitar la política fundada
sobre «mentiras como fue la guerra de Irak». Al igual que «un cambio» en
la política de agresión de Bush.
Papandreu dice que hace falta voluntad política en crisis de Irán
El presidente de la
Internacional Socialista (IS), el griego Georgos Papandreu, también
presidente del partido mayoritario de oposición, el Movimiento
Socialista Panhelénico (PASOK), afirmó hoy en Atenas que se necesita
voluntad política para encontrar una solución a la crisis nuclear de
Irán.
'Sería un crimen no encontrar una solución. Si existe
la voluntad política habrá posibilidades para encontrar un puente de
comunicación', declaró Papandreu.
Papandreu viajó esta semana a Teherán, donde se reunió
con el gobierno iraní y habló hoy por teléfono con el secretario general
de la Agencia Mundial de Energía Atómica, Mohamed El Baradei.
Abogó por una solución diplomática, dentro del marco
del derecho internacional y de las resoluciones de la ONU, y declaró que
Grecia podría servir como un puente de comunicación entre las dos partes
implicadas.
También celebró la propuesta de 'Dialogo de
Civilizaciones' lanzada por el presidente del gobierno español, Jose
Luis Rodriguez Zapatero, y el primer ministro turco, Recep Tayip Erdogan.
Afirmo que la IS no está contra el uso pacifico de la
energía nuclear, pero puntualizó que la comunidad internacional requiere
de garantías de no proliferación de armas nucleares por parte de Irán.
Sobre la nueva crisis en el Oriente Medio con el
secuestro de un soldado por militantes palestinos en la Franja de Gaza,
el presidente de IS llamó al gobierno israelí y al de Hamás a mostrar
serenidad y declaro que 'no podemos hacer progresos ni con secuestros ni
con intervenciones militares'.
Papandreu le dio la bienvenida a Montenegro como nuevo
miembro de la familia de estados democráticos en el sudeste de Europa,
declaró que la congelación de las relaciones entre la Unión Europea y
Serbia lleva al aislamiento internacional de Belgrado, y se inclinó por
un sistema de gobierno en Kosovo que garantice la seguridad y la
estabilidad en la región.
Ankara et Madrid / La Turquie et l'Espagne ont appelé aujourd'hui à un
cessez-le-feu immédiat au Moyen-Orient et à la mise d'un terme aux
souffrances des Libanais, tout en mettant en garde contre les répercussions
d'une telle situation dans le monde et la région.
Dans un communiqué commun publié aujourd'hui à Madrid et à Ankara, le
Premier ministre turc, M. Recep Tayyip Erdogan, et son homologue espagnol,
M. José Louis Zapatero, ont mis en garde contre les conséquences de
l'agression israélienne contre le Liban, la région et le monde.
MM. Erdogan et Zapatero ont souligné la nécessité de gagner du temps et
d'œuvrer ensemble afin de faciliter le cessez-le-feu et instaurer la paix
dans la région, exprimant leur disposition à œuvrer tant que possible pour
mettre un terme à cette crise.
L'Espagne, le pays occidental le plus marqué par la civilisation arabe, a
décidé solennellement de rouvrir les annales de son passé arabe et de
reconstruire les ponts avec le monde musulman, démolis à la chute de Grenade en
1492, en signant l'acte de naissance de la "Maison arabe" et de l'Institut
international des études arabes et du monde musulman.
La cérémonie de signature de la convention portant création de ces deux
institutions a réuni, jeudi soir à Madrid, un parterre de politiciens, de
diplomates, d'académiciens et d'hommes de la culture, aussi bien espagnols
qu'arabes et musulmans.
Le secrétaire général de la Ligue arabe, Amr Moussa, a été témoin de la
naissance de cette initiative du gouvernement espagnol qui veut en faire "une
plate-forme pour l'action, tournée vers les pays arabes et le monde musulman et
un instrument pour resserrer les liens de coopération et renforcer nos relations
culturelles, économiques et scientifiques, mais aussi sociales et politiques,
avec les pays arabes et le monde musulman".
Née de la collaboration entre différentes institutions locales et régionales et
le ministère espagnol des Affaires étrangères, la "Casa Arabe" sera édifiée à
Madrid, une ville dont le nom même (Magerit, Mère des Eaux en arabe) évoque une
empreinte arabe indélébile.
"Des noms comme Madrid, Grenade et Cordoba évoquent, certes, chez nous une
nostalgie mais aussi un stimulant pour resserrer les liens avec l'Espagne (…) un
pays chéri par les Arabes", dira le chef de la Ligue arabe qui n'a pas tari
d'éloges sur cette "initiative grandiose" qui permettra une meilleure
connaissance entre l'Espagne et le monde arabe.
M. Moussa a profité de cette occasion pour réaffirmer le soutien total de la
Ligue arabe à tels projets et aux initiatives visant à promouvoir la paix et la
concorde entre les peuples, dont notamment l'Alliance des civilisations, le
projet lancé par le Premier ministre espagnol José Luis Rodriguez Zapatero et
parrainé par l'Onu, face à la "conspiration" du choc des civilisations.
Avec un budget annuel de 10 millions d'euros, couvert par les municipalités de
Madrid et Cordoba, les régions autonomes d'Andalousie et de Madrid et le
gouvernement central espagnol, la "Casa arabe" définira une programmation
scientifique, économique et culturelle avec les pays arabes et déterminera des
axes de recherche communs.
Parallèlement à cette institution, l'initiative comporte aussi la création à
Cordoba d'un Institut international des études arabes et du monde musulman conçu
comme "un centre de recherche scientifique et culturelle, au sein duquel seront
encouragés les échanges de connaissances et d'expériences".
L'institut aura pour principale mission de faire connaître au sein de la société
espagnole la réalité des sociétés arabes et leur diversité, tout en diffusant
dans ces pays la production scientifique, technique, commerciale, culturelle et
artistique de l'Espagne moderne.
"Nous voulons construire un véritable espace de rencontres pour échanger
connaissances, science, technologie, ainsi qu'interprétations culturelles et
politiques diverses, qui renforcent notre alliance stratégique au sein de la
communauté internationale", dira le ministre espagnol des Affaires étrangères,
Miguel Angel Moratinos, lors du lancement du projet.
"L'Andalousie, Al-Andalus constitue une réalité et une référence historique de
notre imaginaire. L'Andalousie, actuelle, dispose de la capacité de projeter ses
potentialités de futur vers les pays arabes", a ajouté le chef de la diplomatie
espagnole.
"Comme disait Averroès, «apprends tout, et tu verras que rien n'est superflu»,
et c'est pour cela que nous avons besoin de l'enthousiasme, de l'appui et de la
complicité de la société civile, des institutions, des Etats Arabes et de leurs
ambassadeurs, afin de convertir la Casa Arabe en un espace de rencontre fécond",
a plaidé ce grand connaisseur du monde arabe.
Nombre d'observateurs estiment que l'Espagne, de par les liens culturels,
historiques et même de sang avec les Arabes, est le pays occidental le plus apte
à jouer le rôle de passerelle entre l'Occident et le Monde arabe.
Outre le secrétaire général de la Ligue arabe et le chef de la diplomatie
espagnole, la cérémonie de lancement du projet a été rehaussée par la présence
du président d'Andalousie, Manuel Chaves, le maire de Madrid, Alberto Ruiz-Gallardon,
la maire de Cordoba, Rosa Aguilar et la secrétaire d'Etat espagnole à la
Coopération internationale, Leire Pajin.
Poutine insiste sur l'égalité des religions devant la loi
MOSCOU, 3 juillet - RIA Novosti. Le président russe Vladimir Poutine a estimé
lundi à Moscou que les rapports entre l'Etat et les religions devaient se fonder
sur l'égalité de toutes les associations religieuses devant la loi.
"Dans la Russie contemporaine, la tolérance est une base de la paix civile,
un facteur du progrès social", a-t-il déclaré dans un discours au Sommet mondial
des chefs religieux qui tient ses assises à Moscou.
"Les rapports entre les associations religieuses et l'Etat se bâtissent dans
notre pays sur les principes de la liberté de conscience, de l'égalité des
associations religieuses devant la loi et de la non-ingérence de l'Etat dans
leurs activités", a souligné le président, avant d'ajouter: "Tel est le principe
fondamental de notre coopération avec les différentes confessions".
"Nous apprécions beaucoup les efforts sociaux, éducatifs et pacificateurs
déployés par le clergé russe, nous appuyons tous azimuts le dialogue
interreligieux et interethnique", a-t-il relevé, soulignant le grand rôle joué
par le Conseil interreligieux de Russie qui regroupe les représentants du
christianisme, de l'islam, du judaïsme et du bouddhisme.
"Nous estimons qu'un dialogue aussi constructif s'impose sur l'échiquier
international", a-t-il dit.
Une coalition anti-extrémiste, telle une "alliance de civilisations"
(idée avancée par la Turquie et l'Espagne), pourrait devenir un mécanisme
efficace de coopération entre les communautés chrétienne et musulmane, a-t-il
estimé.
Poutine favorable à la création d’une "alliance de civilisations" pour le
dialogue anti-terreur
publié le dimanche 2 juillet 2006
Poutine évalue comme positive l’idée de créer une "alliance de
civilisations" pour le dialogue sur la lutte antiterroriste.
A l’issue des négociations avec son homologue turc à Moscou,
le chef de l’Etat russe a fait savoir que leur entretien avait porté, entre
autres, sur différents aspects de la lutte contre le terrorisme international.
"A cette occasion, je tiens à insister une fois de plus sur
l’importance de l’initiative avancée par la Turquie et l’Espagne de créer une
"alliance de civilisations"", a dit Vladimir Poutine.
"Dans le cadre d’une telle alliance, il est prévu d’établir un
dialogue entre les différentes communautés religieuses et culturelles sur les
problèmes de la lutte contre le terrorisme et l’extrémisme", a précisé le
président russe.
Erdogan exige la fin de l'isolement de la Chypre
turque
7/2006 PARIS (AP) -- Le Premier ministre turc Recep Tayyip Erdogan réaffirme
dans un entretien publié par "La Tribune" mercredi que la Turquie n'ouvrira pas
ses ports et aéroports aux vaisseaux chypriotes tant qu'il ne sera pas mis "fin
à l'isolement de la République Turque de Chypre du Nord", non reconnue par la
communauté internationale.
Rompre l'isolement de la partie Nord de l'île méditerranéenne envahie par la
Turquie en 1974 consisterait, précise-t-il, à "supprimer toutes les barrières
mises par la partie Sud (ndlr: grecque) dans tous les domaines de l'économie, du
commerce, de la formation, de la culture, du tourisme, des transports et même du
sport". Par ailleurs, "nous continuons à considérer que les Nations unies
restent le forum de règlement de la question chypriote", dit-il.
Pour ce qui est de l'éventualité d'une loi française pénalisant la négation du
génocide arménien par la Turquie en 1915, le chef du gouvernement se contente de
rappeler que son pays "la Turquie aura un besoin très aigu d'énergie
supplémentaire dans les cinq à dix années à venir" et que "les Français ne sont
pas les seuls dans cette compétition".
Interrogé sur la réalité d'un ralentissement du rythme des réformes en Turquie
ces deux ou trois dernières années, M. Erdogan assure qu"'il n'y a ni
accélération ni ralentissement" mais que son pays se trouve actuellement dans "une
phase technique de 'screening' (...) qui consiste à passer au crible toutes les
différences existant entre la législation communautaire (...) et la législation
nationale".
"Nous déployons tous nos efforts pour remplir nos devoirs et nous forçons nos
collaborateurs à travailler, à aller de l'avant (...) Nous avons une équipe tout
à fait dévouée à la cause de ce processus d'intégration à l'Union européenne et
pleine d'enthousiasme pour accomplir cette tâche", affirme-t-il.
Quant à la capacité d'absorption de nouveaux pays par l'Union européenne, le
chef du gouvernement d'Ankara note que "c'est un concept nouveau qui est apparu
récemment" mais souligne que "la Turquie, la société turque, n'est pas une
société étrangère à l'Europe". "Notre voyage vers la civilisation européenne
n'est pas une affaire récente qui aurait commencé il y a un, deux ou cinq ans.
Ce processus a commencé avec la fondation de la république par Mustapha Kemal
Ataturk."
En outre, ajoute M. Erdogan, "la Turquie ne vient pas vers l'Union pour essayer
de lui arracher quelque chose ; au contraire, elle vient pour apporter quelque
chose à l'Union". "Nous souhaitons que l'Union ne devienne pas un club chrétien.
Nous voulons qu'elle soit le lieu d'une alliance des civilisations. Le jour où
nous réussirons cela, le terrorisme mondial recevra le coup le plus dur de son
histoire", conclut-il. AP
11 Eylül saldırılarından hemen sonra Fukuyama, yazdığı
bir yazıda beşeriyet olarak “hâlâ tarihin sonu”nda olduğumuzu, ancak neredeyse
dünyanın tamamı bu sona doğru adım atmakla meşgulken, Müslüman dünyanın belli
bir “direniş” gösterdiğini yazıyordu.
Fukuyama’ya göre, “tarihin sonu”ndan anlaşılması
gereken şey, liberal demokrasi ve kapitalizm gibi kurumlardır; insanlık
moderniteye doğru yüzyıllar süren bir zaman içinde ilerledi, Batı ilerleyişini
tamamladı. Liberal demokrasi ve serbest pazar ekonomisinin ötesinde gelişme
göstermek adına ulaşmak isteyebileceğimiz başka bir şey yoktu, o yüzden (bu
durum) tarihin sonuydu. Sosyalizm, faşizm, monarşi ve diğer bütün yönetimler
denendikten sonra insanlığın sürdürmek istediği mantıklı başka bir medeniyet
alternatifi yoktu. Modernite, bu yaşananlar acı da olsa rayından çıkmayacak
kadar güçlü bir yük trenidir.
“Tarihin sonunu” getiren büyük ideolojinin tarihi ve
kültürel kökleriyle ilgili olarak Fukuyama, “Modern liberal demokrasinin ilk
önce Hıristiyan Batı’da doğmuş olması bir tesadüf değil, çünkü demokratik
hakların evrenselliği birçok anlamda Hıristiyan evrenselliğinin seküler bir
formu olarak görülebilir.” diyordu. Aslında Fukuyama’nın demek istediği, liberal
demokrasi ile Mesih’in yeryüzüne indiği hususuydu. Buna rağmen Fukuyama,
“Modernitenin kurumları sadece Batı’da mı işleyecek?” sorusuna “hayır” cevabını
veriyordu. Doğu ve Güney Asya, Latin Amerika, Doğu Avrupa gibi bölgelerde
kaydedilen ilerleme bunun somut göstergeleri. Fakat Fukuyama’nın bir türlü
cevabını bulamadığı bir soru vardı: “İslam’da ya da köktenci İslam’da Müslüman
toplumları moderniteye direnmeye iten bir şeyler var.” “Bu nedir?” (The W. S.
Journal, 8 Ekim 2001) Yani Batı-dışı dünya Mesih’in inişinin farkına varıp
“kurtuluşun yoluna girerken” Müslüman dünya niye bunu görmüyordu?
İsrail’in Filistin ve Lübnan’a düzenlediği saldırı, üç
yıldır Amerika’nın Afganistan ve Irak’ta devam ettirdiği işgal ile Avrupa
ülkelerinin bütün bu olup bitenlere ses çıkarmaması ile BOP ve elbette yakın ve
orta vadede vuku bulması muhtemel gelişmeleri anlamak istiyorsak, Fukuyama’nın
kafasına takılan sorunun cevabı üzerinde bizim de yoğunlaşmamız gerekir. Tercüme
düşünce ve kavramlarla bugünkü modernitenin içine girdiği süreci ve en başta
bölgede süren olayları ve Fukuyama’nın sorusunun cevabını anlamaya çalışmak
beyhude bir çabadır. Fukuyama’yı da zihin karışıklığına sürükleyen ana faktör,
onun bu dünyayı ve can yakıcı olayları açıklamaya çalışırken, işine yarayacak
başka felsefi/entelektüel kaynakların bulunmamasıdır.
Başlangıçta Fukuyama, tarihin sonunu ilan ederken,
bütün dünyanın illa da “bu sürece dahil edilmesinin zorunlu olmadığı”nı, bazı
beşeri/kültürel havzalar için “küresel rezervasyonlar”, bir tür kendilerine
ayrılmış “zararlı özerk bölgeler” olabileceğini düşünüyordu. İstemeyen, kendi
dünyasında ve bildiği gibi “mutlu” yaşamaya devam edebilirdi. Bu, bir tür
Osmanlı “Nizam-ı Alem” fikrinin tekrarıydı; güçlerinin zirvesine ulaştıklarında
Osmanlılar, “devlet ebed müddet”in gerçekleştiğini, “Nizam-ı Alem’in (Dünya
Düzeni) kurulduğu”nu; buna dahil olanların kurtulup dahil olmayanların “kefere
sefiller” olarak yaşayacaklarını söylüyordu. (Bunu telaffuz ettikleri zaman
Osmanlılar, iç enerjilerinin son noktasını da tüketmiş, artık yokuş aşağı inmeye
başlamışlardı; fakat bunun ancak 19. yüzyılda farkına varacaklardı.) Şu var ki
Osmanlı kimseyi bu Nizam’a “zorla dahil etme”yi düşünmüyordu. Fukuyama,
Osmanlı’nın Nizam-ı Alem fikrini liberal demokrasi veya küresel kapitalist
ideolojiye uyarlamıştı.
Ancak Huntington’un “medeniyetler çatışması” tezi
ortaya atılıp bugünkü Amerikan yönetimi tarafından kabul görünce, “küresel
rezervasyonlar” fikrinden vazgeçildi. Çünkü Huntington, bunun küresel
istikrarsızlığı bozacağını, dolayısıyla “bütün kürenin modern sürece zorla da
olsa dahil edilmesi gerektiği”ni söylüyordu. Bu, “küreselleşme ideolojisi”dir.
Huntington, Luka İncili’nin 14. cümlesini küresel kapitalizmin güvencesine temel
yapmıştı. Yani hiç kimse bu sürecin dışında bırakılamaz; medeniyetler kaçınılmaz
olarak çatışacak ve bu çatışmada en büyük direniş İslam’dan geldiğine göre,
İslam ve Müslüman dünya üzerine Batı var gücüyle seferler düzenlemek zorunda
kalacaktır. Nitekim öyle oldu.
Lübnan'ı 12 gündür
bombalayan İsrail dün kara harekatına başlarken, uluslararası kuruluşların 'ateşkes
sağlanması'na yönelik girişimleri de sürüyor. Dün Başbakan Tayyip Erdoğan ve
İspanya Başbakanı Jose Luis Rodrigues Zapatero, Medeniyetler İttifakı
Girişimi'nin eşbaşkanları olarak Ortadoğu'daki savaşın sona ermesi için ortak
bir deklarasyon yayınladı. Deklarasyonda, Ortadoğu'da şiddetin giderek
tırmanmasının yüzlerce insanın ölümüne sebep olduğu belirtilerek, bunun kabul
edilebilir bir durum olmadığı dile getirildi. BM Genel Sekreteri Kofi Annan da
Lübnan’da yolların vurulmasından dolayı insani yardım gönderilmediğini açıkladı.
Türkiye-İspanya ortak deklarasyonunda, terörün her
türlüsü kınanarak, “Herhangi bir orantısız güç kullanımını reddediyoruz.
Kaçırılan askerlerin ve olayların akışı içerisinde bakan ve milletvekilleri
dahil alıkonanların serbest bırakılmasını istiyoruz.” denildi. “Gereken şey,
ilgili tüm tarafların vermek zorunda oldukları ödünler konusunda yeterli siyasi
cesarettir.” görüşü dile getirilen deklarasyonda, “Eşbaşkanlar olarak bizler,
uygun olabilecek her şekilde katkıda bulunmaya hazırız. Silahlar yerini diyalog
ve görüşmelere bırakmalıdır. Kaybedecek zaman yok; ateşkes ve barışa ulaşabilmek
için ortak eylem zamanı şimdidir. Geleceğimiz tehlikede, ortaya çıkan trajedinin
sürmesine seyirci kalamayız.” ifadelerine yer verildi.
BM Genel Sekreteri Kofi Annan da, çatışma ve sivil
ölümler devam ederse, bölgenin yeni bir “insanî felaket” ile karşı karşıya
kalacağı uyarısında bulundu. CNN’e konuşan Annan, Lübnan’da altyapının
vurulmasından dolayı, BM’nin yardıma ihtiyacı olanları tespit edemediğini ve
yardım ulaştıramadığını söyledi. Annan, bunun da Lübnan halkının topyekun
cezalandırılmasına yol açtığını ifade etti. Fransa Dışişleri Bakanı Philippe
Douste-Blazy de çatışmaların, “Lübnan’ın yıkılmasına yol açabileceği” uyarısında
bulundu. Douste-Blazy, “Durumun ciddiyetini görmeli; insanî yardımlar için
koridor açılması, düşmanlıkların sona ermesi ve ateşkes sağlanması çağrısı
yapmalıyız.” dedi.
Condoleezza Rice bölgeye gidiyor
ABD Dışişleri Bakanı Condoleezza Rice, “kalıcı barış
yolu bulmak fakat ateşkes sağlamamak” amacıyla bugün bölgeye gidiyor. Önce
İsrailli liderlerle, sonra Filistin Devlet Başkanı Mahmud Abbas ile görüşecek
olan Rice, gitmeden önce “amacının İsrail ve Hizbullah arasında derhal geçerli
olacak bir ateşkes sağlamak olmadığını” ifade etti. Rice, “sadece statükoya
dönülecekse” ateşkesin bir anlamı olmayacağını savunarak, şiddetin temelindeki
sebeplere yönelmek gerektiğini belirtti. Bu arada İtalya, barış sağlanması
amacıyla uluslararası bir konferans düzenlemeye hazırlanıyor. 26 Temmuz’daki
konferansa Annan ve Rice’ın yanı sıra, Lübnan için çekirdek temas grubu olarak
ifade edilen ülkeler katılacak. Grupta; Fransa, İngiltere, Rusya, Mısır, Suudi
Arabistan, İtalya, ABD, BM, AB ve Dünya Bankası yer alıyor. BM kaynakları,
Lübnan’da bir barış gücü kurulması söz konusu olursa, Fransa ve Türkiye’nin bu
gücün komutasını üstlenebileceğini belirtiyorlar.
Öte yandan İngiltere, İsrail konusunda müttefiki
ABD’den farklı bir tutum izlemeye başladı. Dışişleri Bakanı Margaret Beckett,
İsrail'i savaşın riskleri konusunda uyararak, Lübnan'ı işgal etme kararı
verirken aşırı ihtiyatlı davranması gerektiğini söyledi. Beckett, Financial
Times’a demecinde Lübnan'daki mevcut durumu “çok tehlikeli” olarak niteleyerek
“yanlış hesap, bir hatanın durumu tamamen tersine çevirecek etkilerinin” olacağı
konusunda İsrail'i uyardı. Dış Haberler Servisi
''Gereken şey, bütün bölgenin barış ve güvenliği için
ilgili tüm tarafların vermek zorunda oldukları ödünler konusunda yeterli siyasi
cesarettir'' görüşü dile getirilen deklarasyonda, ''Medeniyetler İttifakı
Girişimi'nin eşbaşkanları olarak bizler, uygun olabilecek her şekilde katkıda
bulunmaya hazırız. Silahlar yerini diyalog ve görüşmelere bırakmalıdır.
Kaybedecek zaman yok; ateşkes ve barışa ulaşabilmek için ortak eylem zamanı
şimdidir. Geleceğimiz tehlikede, ortaya çıkan trajedinin sürmesine seyirci
kalamayız'' denildi.
Ortadoğu'daki şiddetin halihazırdaki dramatik
tırmanışının, şu ana kadar yüzlerce masum sivilin ölümüne ve çok daha fazlasının
yaralanmasına neden olduğu vurgulanan deklarasyonda, şunlar kaydedildi:
''Bizler, hangi biçimde ortaya çıkarsa çıksın terörün
her türlüsünü kınıyoruz. Bombaların veya füzelerin sivillerin üzerine düşmesini
kabul edilebilir bulmuyoruz. Herhangi bir orantısız güç kullanımını kesinlikle
reddediyoruz. Kaçırılan askerlerin ve olayların akışı içerisinde, bakan ve
milletvekili dahil, alıkonulanların serbest bırakılmasını talep ediyoruz.
En temel, vazgeçilmez yaşam, güvenlik ve özgürlük
haklarının inkarı, Medeniyetler İttifakı'nın eşbaşkanları olarak bizim
daraltmaya çaba sarf ettiğimiz mesafenin daha da büyümesi tehlikesini ortaya
çıkarıyor. Bu çatışmanın vahim yankıları Ortadoğu'nun çok ötesinde
hissedilecektir.''
''ÇÖZÜMLER BELİRLENMİŞ DURUMDADIR''
Ortak deklarasyonda, ''evlerin, köprülerin, okulların,
hastanelerin, enerji santrallerinin, altyapının ve sivil yerleşim bölgelerinin
bombalanarak cezalandırılması sonucu ortaya çıkan yıkıntıların altında sadece
masum çocuklar, kadınlar ve yaşlıların değil, insanlığı ayakta tutan bütün temel
değerlerin de yaşam mücadelesi verdiği'' vurgulandı.
''Biz, Ortadoğu'daki çatışmanın kaçınılmaz olmadığına,
tam tersine, bölgede barışın mümkün olduğuna inanıyoruz'' denilen deklarasyonda,
şöyle devam edildi:
''Dahası, çözümler belirlenmiş durumdadır. Şimdiye dek
barış yönünde izlenmiş olan yaklaşımı gözden geçirmemiz gerekebilir ama barış
sürecini acil olarak yeniden rayına oturtabilmemiz zorunludur. Gereken şey,
bütün bölgenin barış ve güvenliği için ilgili tüm tarafların vermek zorunda
oldukları ödünler konusunda yeterli siyasi cesarettir.
Şundan eminiz ki çok uzak olmayan bir gelecekte,
bölgedeki bütün ülkelerin vatandaşları geriye baktıklarında niçin bugünkü
liderlerin aralarındaki farklılıkları diyalog ve görüşmeler yoluyla
çözemediklerini anlayamayacaklardır.
Birlermiş Milletleri, Avrupa Birliği'ni ve diğer bütün
ilgili uluslararası kuruluşları, ulusları, liderleri ve siyasi karar alıcıları,
bütün bölgeyi küresel yansımaları olan kaotik bir çıkmaza sürükleme riski
taşıyan bu şiddet ve düşmanlık sarmalını sona erdirmeye yönelik çabaları
güçlendirmeye çağırıyoruz.
Medeniyetler İttifakı girişiminin eş başkanları olarak
bizler uygun olabilecek her şekilde katkıda bulunmaya hazırız. Silahlar yerini
diyalog ve görüşmelere bırakmalıdır. Kaybedecek zaman yok; ateşkes ve barışa
ulaşabilmek için ortak eylem zamanı şimdidir. Geleceğimiz tehlikede, ortaya
çıkan trajedinin sürmesine seyirci kalamayız.''
Moğol devletini kurarak, Asya'dan Avrupa'ya uzanan bir imparatorluğun başına
gelen Cengiz Han'ın, Avrupa'da Rönesansın temellerini attığı iddia edildi.
Çin'in başkenti Pekin'de Moğol tarihi konusunda uzman
olan öğretim üyesi Zhu Yaoting, Yeni Çin Haber Ajansına yaptığı açıklamada,
Cengiz Han'ın Avrupa'yı kağıt yapımı ve basım teknikleriyle tanıştırdığını, Asya
ile Avrupa arasında kültürel alışverişin öncüsü olduğunu söyledi.
Zhu, Cengiz Han'ın Avrupalıların teolojinin esaretinden
kurtulmasına yardımcı olan kültürel gelişimi bu bölgeye götürdüğünü savunarak,
''Bu anlamda onun seferleri, Rönesansın katalizörü gibiydi'' dedi.
Ningxia Üniversitesi profesörü Chen Yuning de, Cengiz
Han'ın Avrupa'ya düzenlediği seferlerin, İpek Yolu'nun yeniden açılmasını
sağladığını ve Marko Polo'nun Çin'e tarihi gezisinin yolunu açtığını
hatırlatarak, bu gezilerin tecrit edilmiş medeniyetler arasında
ekonomik ve kültürel alışverişleri mümkün kıldığını kaydetti.
Bazı tarihçiler, Avrupa'da 12. yüzyıldan itibaren
başlayan çeşitli Rönesans dönemleri olduğunu savunurken, İtalya'da Rönesansın
15. yüzyılda başladığı biliniyor.
Moğol İmparatorluğu'nun 800. kuruluş yıldönümü
dolayısıyla geçen ay Pekin'de düzenlenen bir sempozyumda, dünyanın en büyük
imparatorluklarından birinin kurucusu olan Cengiz Han, küreselleşmenin mimarı
olarak gösterilmişti.
Sempozyumda konuşan bazı uzman ve araştırmacılar, Asya,
Avrupa ve Ortadoğu'daki toprakları içine alan Moğol İmparatorluğu'nun
kurucusunun bugünkü küreselleşme anlayışıyla kıyaslanan bir yönetim kurduğu ve
ticarete teşvikle beraber kültürel alışverişe zemin hazırladığı görüşlerini dile
getirmişti.
Çinli akademisyen Hao Şiyuan, Moğol İmparatorluğu'nun
ekonomik ve kültürel alışverişi en yüksek seviyeye çıkardığını ve tecrit edilmiş
uygarlıklar arasında bağ kurduğunu, böylece küreselleşmenin, sınırların
kaldırılmasını içeren temel öğelerini yerine getirdiğini savunmuştu.
Culture train to promote Mevlana and Turkey in Europe
ANKARA - Turkish Daily News Friday, July 7,
2006
The Konya Performing Arts Center is waiting for
approval from the Culture and Tourism Ministry for the 'Mevlana Love,
Tolerance and Culture Train' project. If approved, the train will promote both
Mevlana and Turkey via a museum, photographs and multimedia presentations
accompanied by sema dances and concerts at European stations
The Konya Performing Arts Center is preparing to implement a project
titled “Mevlana Love, Tolerance and Culture Train” to mark UNESCO's
declaration of 2007 as “The Year of Mevlana,” celebrating the 800th
anniversary of Mevlana Jelaladdin Rumi's birth.
The project, which has been submitted to the Culture and Tourism Ministry
for approval, anticipates a train of 14 carriages traveling through 17
countries and stopping in 11 of them, reported the Doğan News Agency.
Featured inside the carriages will be large Mevlana pictures and a
Mevlana museum as well as promotional photographs of Turkey and the words
reflecting Mevlana's philosophy in various languages.
The carriages will also house Mevlevi cuisine, wax whirling dervish
statues depicting the clothing of the period, paintings, miniatures of Mevlevi
culture and a Turkish handcraft exhibition.
Sema dances, a spiritual and religious tradition of Sufism, will be
performed at the stations and city centers where the train stops.
$4 mln project:
Konya Performing Arts Center project coordinator Hüseyin Ekinci said:
“The $4 million project will be sponsored by Turkish companies. It was
conceived to mark the 800th anniversary of Rumi's birth, and I believe the
train that is scheduled to travel from Konya to Madrid will be an important
step on the way to the Alliance of Civilizations.”
He said the “2007 Year of Mevlana” activities would kick of with the
train's planned departure on Dec.17.
“If the Culture and Tourism Ministry approves the project, one or two of
the carriages will be secured for the ministry's use to promote Turkey. There
will be brochures, books and CDs on Turkey in different languages that will be
handed out in countries where the train stops. A multimedia room will be
established in the last carriage with 10-minute multimedia presentations on
Mevlana's life and philosophy.”
“Reed flute performances will also take place on board the train, lit
with oil lamps, reflecting the atmosphere of that period,” he said, adding
that mini sema dances would be performed during the day in the larger cities
where the train stops and Sufism music concerts and sema rituals at night.
“We have a more comprehensive program for the capitals, where there will
be promotional stands on Turkey and Mevlana. Whirling dervishes living in
Europe will be invited to take part in sema performances with the aim of
attracting media attention to the event. In this way we will send Mevlana's
message, ‘It is those who share feelings who can understand each other, not
speaking the same language.' We will begin our preparations if the ministry
approves our project,” he added.
Mongolia trades on Genghis appeal
800-year anniversary source of pride, commercialism
Mongolian women practice archery near
an image of Genghis Khan marked across a hill.
ULAN BATOR, Mongolia (AP) -- Warriors from Genghis
Khan's 13th-century horde paraded on stout, brown horses, while women wore
period costumes and horned helmets. The crowd held up cards to form pictures of
the conqueror and the national flag.
Then Genghis Khan himself -- an actor wearing a white robe and headgear --
rode in on a white horse to shouts of "Hurray!" from the crowd.
Mongolia celebrated the 800th anniversary of Genghis Khan's march to world
conquest on Tuesday with festivities that mixed commercialism with appeals to
nationalism.
Mongolians and their leaders are reveling in Genghis Khan, finding a source
of identity at an unsettling time.
"We Mongolians must be united and have one goal: to develop our country.
Remember Genghis Khan and his great deeds," said President Nambaryn Enkhbayar,
who usually wears a suit but was dressed in a traditional gold and cream silk
robe for the occasion.
Sandwiched between a voracious China and an assertive Russia, Mongolia faces
challenges abroad, while at home the democracy and free markets that followed
communism's collapse in 1990 have created wealth for some but left a third of
the 2.8 million people in poverty.
The greatness of Genghis Khan is something that most Mongolians agree on.
"I feel so proud to have been born in the land of the Great Khan who
conquered most of the world," said Tserendulam, a recently retired cook who was
among 800 singers at the ceremony. Like many Mongolians, he uses one name.
The anniversary marks Genghis Khan's unification of fractious Mongol tribes
in 1206 -- an event that gave Mongolians a nascent national identity and set
them on a course to forge an empire that stretched from the Pacific to Central
Europe.
Though the celebrations will last a year, Tuesday's ceremony was timed for
maximum public impact: the start of an annual festival of horse racing, archery,
wrestling and camaraderie known as Naadam.
Forefathers of globalization
It's a time when the harsh weather of the steppe mellows for a brief summer,
Mongolians enjoy themselves and politicians try to burnish their appeal.
Images of Genghis Khan, often as a wizened elder, have been plastered on
billboards, etched in white stones on a mountainside and used to promote
tourism. A rock opera of the conqueror's life -- modeled on "Jesus Christ
Superstar" -- is being staged by a popular band.
The government tore down mausoleums of a 20th-century nationalist hero and a
communist dictator on Ulan Bator's central square this year to build a $5
million monument of Genghis Khan in bronze.
At Tuesday's ceremony, the president and audience sang a newly altered
version of the national anthem. The revisions, made by the government in recent
weeks, deleted references to the communist past and replaced them with allusions
to Mongolian independence.
In the rush to capitalize on his name, Genghis Khan's legacy as a brutal
conqueror is being played down. Instead, he's being cast as an agent of world
change, a visionary statesman who promoted low taxes on trade, diplomatic
immunity and religious tolerance.
"We are forefathers of globalization," says one government slogan.
"Our ancestor 800 years ago not only brought war and destruction, but he also
brought liberation and freedom," said Munkh-Orgil, who has a degree from Harvard
Law School. "As to the methods, it was the 13th century. What could we say?"
Genghis Khan -- notorious as the ruthless, bloodthirsty creator of an
empire that spaned Asia and Europe -- also laid the foundations for the
Renaissance, China's Xinhua news agency said on Thursday.
"Genghis Khan introduced papermaking and printing technologies to Europe
and pioneered cultural exchanges between Asia and Europe," it quoted Zhu
Yaoting, a specialist on Mongolian history at Beijing Union University, as
saying.
"He brought cultural progress that helped liberate the Europeans from the
bondage of theology -- in this sense, his expeditions served as a catalyst for
the Renaissance," he said.
Genghis Khan's expeditions to Europe also reopened the Silk Road and laid
the path for Marco Polo's historic trip to China.
"The expedition revived the ancient trade link and made economic and
cultural exchanges possible again between the isolated civilizations,"
said Chen Yuning, a professor at Ningxia University.
Last month, state media said Genghis Khan could also be considered the
founder of globalization for forming the largest contiguous land empire in
history. The 800th anniversary of his uniting Mongol tribes, the beginnings of
his empire, is being commemorated this year.
China has also in the past made numerous other unusual historical claims,
including the contention the Chinese invented football and golf.
And some Chinese academics say China "discovered" America decades before
Christopher Columbus.
Mongolia celebrates the Khan-do spirit
By Charles Hutzler Associated Press July 12, 2006
ULAANBAATAR, Mongolia -- Mongolians on Tuesday celebrated the 800th
anniversary of Genghis Khan's march to world conquest with festivities that
mixed commercialism with appeals to nationalism.
In the capital's Central Stadium, men dressed like warriors in Genghis Khan's
13th Century horde paraded on stout, brown horses. In one section of the
grandstands, people held up cards to form pictures of the conqueror and the
national flag. An actor played Genghis Khan in white robe and head gear,
riding a white horse to "Hurrays!" from the crowd.
"We Mongolians must be united and have one goal: to develop our country.
Remember Genghis Khan and his great deeds," said President Nambaryn Enkhbayar,
who usually wears a suit but was dressed in a traditional gold and cream silk
robe for the occasion.
Mongolians and their leaders are reveling in Genghis Khan, finding a source of
identity at an unsettling time.
Sandwiched between a voracious China and an assertive Russia, Mongolia faces
challenges abroad, while at home the democracy and free markets that followed
communism's collapse in 1990 have created wealth for some but left a third of
the 2.8 million people in poverty.
The greatness of Genghis Khan is something that most Mongolians agree on.
"I feel so proud to have been born in the land of the Great Khan, who
conquered most of the world," said Tserendulam, a recently retired cook who
was among 800 singers at the ceremony. Like many Mongolians, he uses one name.
The anniversary marks Genghis Khan's unification of fractious Mongol tribes in
1206, an event that gave Mongolians a nascent national identity and set them
on a course to forge an empire that stretched from the Pacific to Central
Europe.
Though the celebrations will last a year, Tuesday's ceremony was timed for
maximum public impact: the start of an annual festival of horse racing,
archery, wrestling and camaraderie known as Naadam.
Images of Genghis Khan, often as a wizened elder, have been plastered on
billboards, etched in white stones on a mountainside and used to promote
tourism. A rock opera of the conqueror's life--modeled on "Jesus Christ
Superstar"--is being staged by a popular band.
In the rush to capitalize on his name, Genghis Khan's legacy as a brutal
conqueror is being played down. Instead, he's being cast as an agent of world
change, a visionary statesman who promoted low taxes on trade, diplomatic
immunity and religious tolerance.
"We are forefathers of globalization," says one government slogan.
Tsend Munkh-Orgil, a member of Mongolia's parliament and Enkhbayar's party,
said Genghis Khan can help forge "the national unity and national consensus"
missing since democracy and capitalism emerged 15 years ago.
"Our ancestor 800 years ago . . . brought war and destruction, but he also
brought liberation and freedom," said Munkh-Orgil, who has a law degree from
Harvard University. "As to the methods, it was the 13th Century. What could we
say?"
800-year anniversary source of pride, commercialism
Warriors from Genghis Khan's 13th-century horde paraded on stout, brown
horses, while women wore period costumes and horned helmets. The crowd held up
cards to form pictures of the conqueror and the national flag.
Then Genghis Khan himself -- an actor wearing a white robe and headgear --
rode in on a white horse to shouts of "Hurray!" from the crowd.
Mongolia celebrated the 800th anniversary of Genghis Khan's march to world
conquest on Tuesday with festivities that mixed commercialism with appeals to
nationalism.
Mongolians and their leaders are reveling in Genghis Khan, finding a source
of identity at an unsettling time.
"We Mongolians must be united and have one goal: to develop our country.
Remember Genghis Khan and his great deeds," said President Nambaryn Enkhbayar,
who usually wears a suit but was dressed in a traditional gold and cream silk
robe for the occasion.
Sandwiched between a voracious China and an assertive Russia, Mongolia faces
challenges abroad, while at home the democracy and free markets that followed
communism's collapse in 1990 have created wealth for some but left a third of
the 2.8 million people in poverty.
The greatness of Genghis Khan is something that most Mongolians agree on.
"I feel so proud to have been born in the land of the Great Khan who
conquered most of the world," said Tserendulam, a recently retired cook who was
among 800 singers at the ceremony. Like many Mongolians, he uses one name.
The anniversary marks Genghis Khan's unification of fractious Mongol tribes
in 1206 -- an event that gave Mongolians a nascent national identity and set
them on a course to forge an empire that stretched from the Pacific to Central
Europe.
Though the celebrations will last a year, Tuesday's ceremony was timed for
maximum public impact: the start of an annual festival of horse racing, archery,
wrestling and camaraderie known as Naadam. Forefathers of globalization
It's a time when the harsh weather of the steppe mellows for a brief summer,
Mongolians enjoy themselves and politicians try to burnish their appeal.
Images of Genghis Khan, often as a wizened elder, have been plastered on
billboards, etched in white stones on a mountainside and used to promote
tourism. A rock opera of the conqueror's life -- modeled on "Jesus Christ
Superstar" -- is being staged by a popular band.
The government tore down mausoleums of a 20th-century nationalist hero and a
communist dictator on Ulan Bator's central square this year to build a $5
million monument of Genghis Khan in bronze.
At Tuesday's ceremony, the president and audience sang a newly altered
version of the national anthem. The revisions, made by the government in recent
weeks, deleted references to the communist past and replaced them with allusions
to Mongolian independence.
In the rush to capitalize on his name, Genghis Khan's legacy as a brutal
conqueror is being played down. Instead, he's being cast as an agent of world
change, a visionary statesman who promoted low taxes on trade, diplomatic
immunity and religious tolerance.
"We are forefathers of globalization," says one government slogan.
"Our ancestor 800 years ago not only brought war and destruction, but he also
brought liberation and freedom," said Munkh-Orgil, who has a degree from Harvard
Law School. "As to the methods, it was the 13th century. What could we say?"
A PIECE OF MY MIND Shankar Acharya: Talking Turkey
July has been the cruellest month. It started with another unseemly exercise of
state power by the health minister against the director of the country’s
leading, government medical institution (and an outstanding cardiac surgeon).
Just as people were wondering what authority the Prime Minister wielded over his
cabinet colleague, the answer came, indirectly, through the speedy and
humiliating reversal of his Cabinet’s decision to disinvest modest holdings of
Nalco and Neyveli Lignite in the face of opposition from DMK “allies”. Once
again, the events demonstrated that real political power resides outside the PMO
(this emperor is seriously underclad) and sparked editorials questioning the
viability of such an “anointed” PM. Meanwhile, in Mumbai, a few cloudbursts
again showed up the massive infrastructure deficit in India’s commercial
capital. Much greater tragedy struck the “maximum city” on July 11, when eight
bombs ripped through carriages of Mumbai’s suburban trains, killing almost 200
innocent travellers and injuring many hundreds more. Preliminary investigations
suggested the importance of home-grown terror networks, thriving in an ecology
of weak governance and a compromised apparatus of law enforcement and justice.
As if these very serious domestic setbacks to social harmony and development
were not enough, the international environment worsened sharply. Massive Israeli
overreaction to relatively minor Palestinian and Hezbollah provocations plunged
the Middle East (especially Lebanon) into turmoil, sent oil prices above $75 a
barrel and cast a shadow on global growth. The Doha round of trade negotiations
staggered towards a possibly final breakdown without earning many column inches
of global attention.
I could easily write a ponderous column on any one of these unhappy
developments and depress myself and you (dear reader) in the bargain. Instead, I
shall be escapist and talk about Turkey, where my wife and I spent a glorious
fortnight last month. My reason (or excuse) for devoting scarce edit page space
to a somewhat “touristy” account is that we in India are woefully ignorant about
Turkey, a remarkably successful, secular Muslim country of 70 million, located
athwart the crossroads between Asia and Europe, with income per head of $4,000
(as against $750 in India), an astonishingly diverse heritage (far better
preserved than in India) and thoroughly modern aspirations for integration into
Europe. Turkey does not merit such neglect.
The country is redolent with history. The Hittites ruled over most of
Anatolia (roughly modern Turkey) from around 2000 BC to 1000 BC and sometimes
clashed with the ambitions of Egyptian pharaohs. Displayed in Istanbul’s
Archaeological Museum (just next to Topkapi Palace) and carved on a stone
tablet, is the world’s oldest surviving peace treaty (of Kaddish), between
Hittites and Egyptians in 1269 BC. In later centuries western Turkey was very
much a part of the Hellenic golden age. Troy (or what little remains of it) is
just across from the Gallipoli peninsula (where more than two millennia later,
in 1915, young Winston Churchill helped develop the costly and abortive Allied
campaign against Turko-German forces, including divisions led by another young
man, Mustafa Kemal, later Ataturk, the indisputable founder of modern Turkey).
The philosopher, Heraclaetus, was born around 540 BC in Ephesus in south-west
Turkey. A few decades later the Greek historian, Herodotus, was growing up in
nearby Bodrun. With the passage of centuries, the Greeks gave way to Romans, as
in Ephesus, where the old Greek city (including the wondrous Temple of Artemis)
has largely disappeared but the justly famous ruins of the Roman capital (of the
province of Asia) still enthral thousands of global tourists every day. By mid
4th century AD, Emperor Constantine had come to power and founded Constantinople
(in his time called New Rome) as the capital of the Eastern Roman (or Byzantine)
empire. In the 6th century, Justinian built the splendid Aya Sofia church, which
even today is one of Istanbul’s three most spectacular sights. As Byzantium went
into decline around 1000 AD, power and territory were ceded to a medley of
conquerors, including Selcuk Turks, Norman crusaders and Mongol hordes. The
seeds of the Ottoman empire were sown in the early 14th century and flowered
after Sultan Mehmet II conquered Constantinople in 1453. The empire reached its
zenith in the 16th century under Suleyman the Magnificent, who greatly expanded
the empire, decreed good laws, added major edifices to Constantinople, rebuilt
Jerusalem and took Ottoman power to the gates of Vienna. After him came the long
slow Ottoman decline to the 19th century “sick man of Europe”, which was
reversed only after Ataturk took charge in 1923 and, almost single-handedly,
invented modern Turkey.
Istanbul is steeped in this history. This magical “city of a 1,000 mosques”
and 16 million people is criss-crossed by the Bosphorus and the Golden Horn and
bounded on the south by the Sea of Marmara. Part of its immense appeal comes
from the successful marriage of European standards of public infrastructure with
Asian culture and hospitality (Istanbul meets my crucial test for successful
modern cities … clean public toilets, a standard we don’t even aspire to!). For
sheer beauty of city centres there are few rivals in the world to the
rose-bedecked park in Sultanahmet with the glorious Blue Mosque on one side and
the majestic Aya Sofia on the other. For a contemplative afternoon, it’s hard to
beat the lovely gardens of the hill-top, Suleyman mosque (architect Sinan’s
masterpiece), from where you can gaze down on the Galata bridge spanning the
Golden Horn to the posh Beyoglu district.
Turkey’s charm is not limited to lovely mosques, churches and palaces.
Geography has also been kind, lavishing the beautiful coastlines of the Aegean,
Mediterranean and Black Seas on three sides of the Anatolia peninsula. But for
us the most spectacular scenery was the extraordinary moonscapes of Cappadocia
in central Turkey, where millions-year-old volcanic ash sediments have eroded
into thousands of conical rock outcrops (with phallic or mushroom shapes,
“depending on your perspective” as the Lonely Planet drily observes). Many of
these “fairy chimneys” were converted into dwellings in Hittite and Byzantine
times (a growing number now host up-market pensions and mini-hotels!). Some of
the larger conical outcrops were hollowed out into frescoed churches and
monasteries in Byzantine years, as in Goreme.
With Muslims (mostly Sunni) accounting for 98 per cent of her population, you
could call Turkey a Muslim country. But in practice it’s a more secular nation
than India. Kemal Ataturk’s modernising reforms of the 1920s have had a lasting
impact. Today the Turkish gaze is firmly fixed on Europe and the goal of entry
into the EU. (Even the ads on TV and hoardings display mainly blonde, Nordic
models.) In today’s increasingly polarised world, Turkey’s yearning is hardly
reciprocated by the present EU membership. Yet, the “Turkish way” could be the
most effective antidote to the growing “clash of civilizations”. The
tragedy is that the chances of successful Turkish entry into the EU are clearly
worse than even.
The author is Honorary Professor at ICRIER and former Chief Economic
Adviser to the Government of India. The views here are personal
World War III - what, me worry?
By Chan Akya
Sam Huntington's The Clash of Civilizations is now being made operational
in the Middle East, thanks to the neo-conservatives' vision of the West
triumphing over Islam. The end game that most right-wing observers look to now
is a conflagration that sees the West take on Islam, supported by a coalition of
willing allies in Africa and Asia. Meanwhile, Islam counts on its army of the
faithful to lend support.
Be that as it may, I believe that both the West and Islam overestimate their
hold on, if not their importance to, the Chinese and Hindu civilizations. The
prospect of World War III, rather than forcing them to choose sides, is more
likely to cause policy paralysis, despite the fact that both India and China
stand to benefit from the conflagration. While it is in their interest to cause
an outright war between the two sides, they are more likely to engage in
navel-gazing.
Neither the West nor Islam has covered itself with glory as far as China and
India are concerned. While the Chinese would consider the West as hurting it
more particularly in the past 100 years, for India the balance tilts more
against Islam. This observation is more pertinent when seeing the eventual place
the two societies envisage for themselves in the world. It is interesting to
note that while their philosophies are different, the basic outcome has been the
same, namely that both China and India were splendidly isolated from the rest of
the world in the heyday of their civilizations. There is little moral
justification for either country to support the West or Islam.
Early Indian and Chinese explorers found little to occupy them in their journeys
outside of their countries. The contact between Chinese and Indian cultures led
to the export of Buddhism from India. In a study of Buddhism's reach, we can
gauge how the two cultures would react to a changing world.
The India that Prince Gautam was born into was dominated by the Hindu system,
albeit one run by the principles of Manu, rather than the more egalitarian Vedic
culture. The doctrine of Manu was a product of the Aryan conquest of the ancient
peoples of India, including the Dravidians in the south of the country. In this
world, with its multifaceted rituals and barbaric animal sacrifices, the arrival
of Buddhism portended substantial changes. The language of the ruling classes,
Sanskrit, was quickly subsumed by the language of Buddhism, Pali.
As the first great emperor of India, Ashok, converted to Buddhism, ancient Hindu
culture suffered its first real shock in 1,000 years. The response was
revolutionary more than evolutionary, with the country's ruling classes quickly
removing public practices forbidden in Buddhism, such as animal sacrifices. The
kinder, gentler culture that arose from this period did not have to wait long
for its turn to revenge. The ascetic principles of Buddhism were simply
incompatible with running a large country that was already a melting point for
various races. This failure to impose discipline was to cost Ashok's followers
dearly, ending the dynasty barely 100 years after his death.
Still, the damage to Hindu culture was done. With a weaker resolve at the
center, regional kingdoms became more powerful, in a development that was not to
reverse for 1,000 years. That left the individual kingdoms more vulnerable to
the onslaught of a new group of invaders from the West, namely Islam. As smaller
kingdoms quickly crumbled against the onslaught of Islam, Hindus took refuge
behind the apparently cosmetic differences. They were also helped by the
historical fact that while Islam unites in times of defeat, victory is often
fatal for Muslims.
Thus it is that from the 9th through the 13th centuries Islamic conquerors of
northern Indian states usually found themselves under siege from their
co-religionists. The most famous battle of all during the period featured the
Mughal leader Babur against a Muslim ruler, Ibrahim Lodi, on the other side of
Panipat. Furthermore, to pay for the various battles, Muslim rulers had to
impose various taxes on their populations. I believe this was the main reason
for their lack of enthusiasm in converting the Hindu population to Islam. The
second reason was of course the ultimate in scorched-earth policies that history
has ever known, namely the mass incidents of sati (female suicides) in
kingdoms that Muslims conquered. In any event, Islam left alive a culture that
would in future pose a great threat.
Buddhism also weakened the patriarchal Chinese culture, but did provide a
benefit in that it acted to homogenize cultural practices across the country.
Thus people in southern China could relate to their northern cousins more than
previously was possible, because of the role of Buddhist monasteries and
temples. The common schools for monks, in Tibet and other places, provided China
with its first glimpse of mystic as against practical religion.
The key development in China's history, though, was under the Emperor Qin, who
unified the country through substantial warfare combined with a common language.
The resulting monolith of an empire was able to shrug off the Muslim warlords
from Central Asia with relative ease, particularly when compared with the
problems that a splintered India down south faced. For this reason, Islam
generally treated China and its culture with grudging respect, quite unlike its
view of other cultures.
This state of affairs remained for a long time, until the West gained enough
technical mastery of weapons first developed by China to take on the Chinese
empire. It is at this point that China's relative insularity was to go against
the country - a failure to observe and learn from the decline of Hindu
civilization against Islam. The Western conquest of China followed a pattern
similar to that of India's decline, namely gradual wars in the periphery that
weakened central authority, finally culminating in an assault across the
country.
There are today not enough Christians or Muslims in China to push the country in
the direction of supporting either the West or Islam in any global
conflagration. However, a resurgent West poses more of a threat to China's
patriarchal culture, which is not very different from the centralized
authority-driven culture of Islam. Given that, it is more likely that China
would tilt toward supporting Islam, as its weapons-proliferation efforts over
the past few years have shown.
The missile used by Hezbollah this month to sink an Israeli ship was an Iranian
variant of a Chinese Silkworm; similar ancestries can be established for many of
the medium- and long-range weapons currently in the hands of Islamic tyrants. It
is also noteworthy that the only working nuclear weapons in the Islamic world
belong to Pakistan, and are almost entirely reverse-engineered from actual
Chinese bombs. This leads me to conclude that an escalation of the conflict in
the Middle East would eventually necessitate the West to demand adequate support
from China, failing which the country itself could become a target. The waxworks
of Beijing are likely to grant enough concessions to the West to avoid being
attacked, and then lie in wait for their revenge.
The Indian situation is more precarious. While much of the country's right-wing
intelligentsia would push it to war against Islam, there is enough of a fifth
column in place to thwart the country's historic quest for vengeance. India's
Muslims number more than any other country's in the world with the exception of
Indonesia. Add to these the populations of both Pakistan and Bangladesh, and
Indian military might is in essence boxed in.
Neither the Indian air force nor the army can offer much assistance to the West.
The only aspect of Indian military that the West may benefit from is also its
least developed one, namely the Indian navy. I do not see the likelihood of
India playing any role in a direct confrontation between Islam and the West, and
therefore it is more likely that it sits on the sidelines waiting for the West
to do its job.
Next: China and India in World War III
Copyright 2006 Asia Times Online
www.atimes.com
This article appears in the
July 21, 2006
issue of Executive Intelligence Review.
Israel-Palestine
Cheney Unleashes
The Dogs of War
by Dean
Andromidas
Vice
President Dick Cheney has ignited a new Middle East war that threatens to spread
from Israel and Lebanon, to Syria and Iran. As EIR recently exposed, (EIR
June 30, "Cheney and Netanyahu Conspiring for War"), this latest war was planned
at a secret meeting between Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, and Likud chairman Benjamin
Netanyahu, during a conference organized by the American Enterprise Institute in
June at Beaver Creek, Colorado.
This war
is not intended to make Israel safe from Hamas, Hezbollah terrorism, or Iran's
alleged intentions to build nuclear weapons, but is rather a drive by the
synarchist financial forces represented by the likes of George Shultz and Felix
Rohatyn, who stand behind Cheney and Netanyahu. Their aim is to escalate a
global clash of civilizations, to maintain their political and financial
hegemony, as their own global financial system crumbles.
Israel is
their chosen instrument to launch a war against Syria and Iran, now that U.S.
military forces are bogged down in Cheney's insane Iraq war. Their war plan is
well known to readers of EIR, and is the policy the Bush Administration
has been implementing, with disastrous results, for the last three years. This
is based on the notorious policy paper, "A Clean Break: New Strategy for
Securing the Realm," which was presented to Netanyahu when he became Israeli
Prime Minister in 1996. Its authors included the "Prince of Darkness" Richard
Perle, former Defense Department official Douglas Feith, and neo-conservative
fanatics such as David and Meyrav Wurmser. That document called for a "clean
break from the slogan 'comprehensive peace' to a traditional balance of power."
They called for Israel to "seize the initiative along its northern border,"
against Hezbollah, Syria, and Iran, including "striking at select targets in
Syria proper" (emphasis in the original).
Hezbollah
is a Lebanese umbrella organization of Islamic Shi'ite groups, and the Shi'ites
are the largest religious bloc in Lebanon.
Israel's War
Policy
Netanyahu
came back from his meeting on the weekend of June 17-18 with Cheney at Beaver
Creek, and announced that Israel must reject any form of negotiations with the
Palestinians, and instead reassert its military "deterrence." This policy has
been embraced by Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, a former Likudnik who
enjoys many of the same U.S. financial supporters as does Netanyahu. The June 25
capture of the Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit, by Palestinian militants in the
Gaza Strip, served as a pretext to launch Netanyahu's policy of "rebuilding
Israel's deterrence" against the Palestinians, by destroying Hamas. After
rejecting political negotiations with the Hamas government of Palestinian Prime
Minister Ismail Haniyah, as well as President Abu Mazen, the Gaza Strip was
reoccupied, after chunks of its infrastructure were destroyed, leading to a
humanitarian catastrophe.
Now a
second front has been opened on the Israel-Lebanon border. Contrary to media
reports, Hezbollah members did not cross into Israeli territory to "kidnap" two
Israeli soldiers, as the media spin claims. The captured Israeli soldiers were
part of a group patrolling inside Lebanese territory. Like the capture of
Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit, their capture became a pretext to launch a large
military operation against Hezbollah. Another factor to be considered is that,
according to the July 13 Jerusalem Post, the high-alert status that the
northern border had been under since the capture of Shalit three weeks ago, was
lifted only three days prior to the Hezbollah capture of two Israeli soldiers.
According
to a report in the July 13 Israeli daily Ha'aretz, the Israel military
had approved a plan for a major exercise along the Israeli-Lebanese border,
based on a scenario of a Hezbollah capture of Israeli solders, after which
Israel would respond with a heavy air and land assault into southern Lebanon to
destroy Hezbollah. It is this plan which is now being carried out. As of this
writing, Israel has begun to mobilize its reserves, including a full division,
to be deployed on the already heavily fortified northern border.
The
Israeli military has similar contingency plans for a strike against Syria. These
plans have been the basis of exercises for the last two to three years.
While
Israel has bombed targets in Beirut and put the entire country under a siege by
air and sea, Hezbollah forces have launched Katyusha rockets into Israeli towns
in northern Israel. The head of Hezbollah, Sheikh Hassan Nasrallah, has declared
that the Israeli soldiers will be released only in an exchange of prisoners.
The
conflict is now vectored to escalate, and spread to Syria. Israel's intention to
attack Syria and Iran has been mooted by several Bush Administration spokesmen,
each of whom immediately blamed Syria and Iran. Bush himself, while meeting with
German Chancellor Angela Merkel on July 13, declared that "Israel has a right to
self-defense."
The most
obvious proof that the Bush Administration wants a new war does not lie in its
bellicose statements against Iran, Syria, Hamas, or Hezbollah, however. It lies
in the fact that it has not lifted a finger either to stop, or even mediate the
crisis. Through its Ambassador to the United Nations, the non-confirmable
neo-con zealot John Bolton, the Bush Administration is even preventing the issue
from being brought before the United Nations Security Council.
No Military
Solution
In
comments to EIR, veteran Israeli military historian Col. Meir Pa'il
(ret.) confirmed that a broad military escalation can be expected. From a
military standpoint, Pa'il said, Israel will now have no choice but to occupy
southern Lebanon up to the Litani River, which means a return to the so-called
"security zone" from which Israel unilaterally withdrew in 2000. Nonetheless,
Israel will not be able to sustain a broad land war in Lebanon, as in 1982, or
even a permanent occupation of the old security zone.
Although
he doubted that Syria would offer Israel a pretext for an attack, he feared that
if such a pretext presented itself, a military strike could not be ruled out.
While asserting that Israel is not capable of launching a major land war against
Syria, and thus would not do it, Colonel Pa'il warned that there has always been
a "dream" held by a faction in the military security establishment to put
Damascus within range of Israeli artillery. Since the Syrian capital is less
than 40 kilometers from the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, such an event is
very much within the realm of possibility.
Colonel
Pa'il warned that "the real problem is that Israeli leaders are only thinking in
military terms," while what needs to be done is to build a political peace with
Israel's Arab neighbors. Pa'il, who is a member of the pro-peace Meretz-Yahad
party, said that the value of Israel's massive military superiority is to
demonstrate to the Arab world that Israel cannot be defeated militarily.
Nonetheless, that military must serve to set the stage for a real peace process.
"The real issue is to raise the flag of a solution to the problem. I am crying
and weeping because of the fact that this government has no political
orientation to deal with the Arab world."
While the
ex-lawyer Ehud Olmert and the ex-furniture salesman Benjamin Netanyahu are
trying to sound like the ex-general Ariel Sharon, there are serious doubts
within the Israeli security establishment over their drive to push Israel into a
three-front, or even four-front war with the Palestinians, Hezbollah, Syria, and
Iran. Even prior to the new crisis with Hezbollah, Ha'aretz cited
security sources who have dealt with these situations, saying that Olmert's
policy of non-negotiation "infuriates" them. Ha'aretz even quoted slain
Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, who said, "When there is no military option, we do
everything, including negotiations with the kidnappers, to free hostages."
Former
Mossad chief Ephraim Halevy expressed similar doubts, when speaking before a
business luncheon on July 11. Asked how he would have acted in the current
Israeli prisoner crisis, he replied, "I believe that one should never
underestimate the enemy, and it always helps and never harms, when you approach
your greatest tests with just a grain of humility."
A Basis for
Negotiations
Many
Israelis also know that the Bush Administration has given Israel a green light
to crush Hamas, and now Hezbollah.
Hamas
knows this also. Palestinian Prime Minister Ismail Haniyah, in a op-ed published
in the July 11 Washington Post, under the title "Aggression Under False
Pretenses," charged that both Olmert and the Bush Administration were colluding
to destroy the Hamas government.
"The
current Gaza invasion is only the latest effort to destroy the results of fair
and free elections held early this year," Haniyah charged. "It is the explosive
follow-up to a five-month campaign of economic and diplomatic warfare directed
by the United States and Israel. The stated intention of that strategy was to
force the average Palestinian to 'reconsider' his or her vote when faced with
deepening hardship; its failure was predictable, and the new overt military
aggression and collective punishment are its logical fulfillment.
"The
'kidnapped' Israeli Cpl. Gilad Shalit is only a pretext for a job scheduled
months ago. In addition to removing our democratically elected government,
Israel wants to sow dissent among Palestinians by claiming that there is a
serious leadership rivalry among us. I am compelled to dispel this notion
definitively. The Palestinian leadership is firmly embedded in the concept of
Islamic shura, or mutual consultation; suffice it to say that while we
may have differing opinions, we are united in mutual respect and focused on the
goal of serving our people....
"We want
what Americans enjoy—democratic rights, economic sovereignty and justice. We
thought our pride in conducting the fairest elections in the Arab world might
resonate with the United States and its citizens. Instead, our new government
was met from the very beginning by acts of explicit, declared sabotage by the
White House. Now this aggression continues against 3.9 million civilians living
in the world's largest prison camps. America's complacency in the face of these
war crimes is, as usual, embedded in the coded rhetorical 'green light': 'Israel
has a right to defend itself.' Was Israel defending itself when it killed eight
family members on a Gaza beach last month, or three members of the Hajjaj family
on Saturday, among them 6-year-old Rawan? I refuse to believe that such
inhumanity sits well with the American public."
Haniyah
called for a prisoner exchange and put forward the principles for a negotiating
process, writing that, "Palestinian priorities include recognition of the core
dispute over the land of historical Palestine, and the rights of all its people;
resolution of the refugee issue from 1948; reclaiming all lands occupied in
1967; and stopping Israeli attacks, assassinations and military expansion....
"Contrary
to popular depictions of the crisis in the American media, the dispute is not
only about Gaza and the West Bank; it is a wider national conflict that can be
resolved only by addressing the full dimensions of Palestinian national rights
in an integrated manner. This means statehood for the West Bank and Gaza, a
capital in Arab East Jerusalem, and resolving the 1948 Palestinian refugee issue
fairly, on the basis of international legitimacy and established law. "
Haniyah
concluded, "If Israel is prepared to negotiate seriously and fairly, and resolve
the core 1948 issues, rather than the secondary ones from 1967, a fair and
permanent peace is possible. Based on a hudna (comprehensive cessation
of hostilities for an agreed time), the Holy Land still has an opportunity to be
a peaceful and stable economic powerhouse for all the Semitic people of the
region. If Americans only knew the truth, possibility might become reality."
Olmert
thinks his hard-line policies, backed by the Bush Administration, will create a
new "balance of power" in the region. But Israel is facing an asymmetric war
like the one the United States is conducting and losing in Iraq and Afghanistan,
where there are no "balances." Already the Israeli military is warning that
these operations could continue for many months, and for the first time, put
hundreds of thousands of Israeli civilians in the line of fire. Can Israel
sustain this, economically and politically? The 1982 Lebanon War bankrupted
Israel. Israel avoided bankruptcy in the six-year-long second Intifada of 2000
to 2005 only because the Bush Administration provided $10 billion in loan
guarantees. Now, with the United States itself nearly bankrupt, will there be
another bailout?
For tolerance to effectively work, it must run both ways
One of the most important elements of the modern democratic state is
tolerance: tolerance of religious difference, of social choices, of political
variations. We take this tolerance so for granted that we forget that for
tolerance to work, it must be mutual. For example, in 19th century England,
Roman Catholicism was not accorded the some toleration that a range of
Protestant sects and Judaism were accorded until the Catholic Church decided
to tolerate other religions. This should always be the social contract that
governs official toleration. The United States, not having an official church,
has always been tolerant of a wide range of religious and social arrangements
— the exception being refusal to tolerate Mormonism until their tenet of
polygamy was abandoned.
Today, tolerance is being challenged again by a group that does not
enshrine tolerance — militant Islam — in the United States and in Europe. We,
in the west, have practiced tolerance toward Muslim immigrants with the hope
that this value will rub off on them. Alas, it has not, and lawmakers are up
against a serious dilemma. They can either appease the intolerant as they have
tried in Europe or refuse to tolerate the intolerant. It has taken the
Europeans a while, but they are starting to prosecute batterers and murderers
of wives and daughters under the umbrella of "Islamic family honor." There are
also moves foot to ban polygamy, which until recently was a hush-and-pretend
issue financed with welfare payments.
The most serious collision of tolerance and intolerance came some months
ago with the publication of political cartoons in Denmark that spawned riots,
violence and outrage by Muslims around the world. Some European leaders
attempted craven appeasement, but the rage was not quieted. Many academics —
both in the U.S. and Europe — condemned the cartoons as gratuitous insults to
Islam, and condemned the Danish publishers as "insensitive." American
publications were equally craven in fearing to publish the cartoons that had
set off the riots.
Enlightened Muslims or former Muslims such as Ayaan Hirsi Ali and Canadian
Irshad Manji, and, of course, Salman Rushdie, have been forced to have body
guards or live underground when their works offended Islamists. Ayaan Hisri
Ali, who until recently was a member of parliament in The Netherlands, has
lived under constant death threat, which she took seriously after the public
assassination of her film-maker friend, Theo Van Gough, whose sin was
producing a movie that Islamists did not like. She is leaving The Netherlands
for a much safer Washington, D.C. think tank, and Rushie, once under the late
Ayatollah Khomeini's death sentence, now lives in New York. Europe's loss, I
think.
Now, a group of 12 brave writers have put their names to a statement in the
French weekly newspaper, Carlie Hebdo, warning against Islamic
"totalitarianism." My thanks to Lorna and Eric Salzman at esalzman@aba.org. I
have seen nothing of this in the American press yet, so will share it with my
readers. The writers said:
"After having overcome fascism, Naziism, and Stalinism, the world now faces
a new global totalitarian threat: Islamism. We, writers, journalists,
intellectuals, call for resistance to religious totalitarianism and for the
promotion of freedom, equal opportunity and secular values for all. Recent
events, prompted by the publication of drawings of Muhammad in European
newspapers, have revealed the necessity of the struggle for these universal
values. This struggle will not be won by arms, but in the ideological field.
It is not a clash of civilizations nor an antagonism between West and East
that we are witnessing, but a global struggle that confronts democrats and
theocrats.
"We reject the 'cultural relativism' which implies an acceptance that men
and women of Muslim culture are deprived of the right to equality, freedom and
secularism in the name of the respect for certain cultures and traditions. We
refuse to renounce our critical spirit out of fear of being accused of 'Islamophobia,'
a wretched concept that confuses criticism of Islam as a religion and
stigmatization of those who believe in it. We defend the universality of the
freedom of expression, so that a critical spirit can exist in every continent,
toward each and every maltreatment and dogma. We appeal to democrats and free
spirits in every country that our century may be one of light and not dark."
This message was signed by Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Chahla Chafiq, Caroline Fourest,
Bernard-Henri Levy, Irshad Manji, Mehdi Mozaffari, Maryam Namazie, Taslima
Nasreen, Salman Rushdie, Antoine Sfeir, Philippe Val, and Ibn Warraq. Will
American writers in PEN, the writers' organization, take up the same position?
We had better know what we are defending or we will lose it. Tolerance is
for the tolerant.
Dr. Laina Farhat Holzman is a historian, lecturer and
author of 'Strange Birds from Zoroaster's Nest,' 'God's Law or Man's Law,' and
'The Slave Who Lied But Once a Year.' Contact her at lfarhat102@aol.com.
Remaking the world through terrorism
By Abid Ullah Jan (Friday July 14 2006)
"UNSC's unanimously passing or the US vetoing a resolution condemning Israeli
terrorism is irrelevant. The world has to do more than thinking about
resolutions to condemn terrorism of the trio of terror because Washington,
London and Tel Aviv’s determination to continue global terrorism has ensured
that the humanity is in for an unimaginably bigger, wider and most horrible
war of human history in the very near future."
In contemporary Western societies, repressed religion returns in secular cults
and fascism of different shades. The cult phenomenon becomes more dangerous
when religious zealots push their agendas through the so-called liberals and
neo-conservatives.
The Bush and Blair regimes’ response to recent Israeli aggression and
terrorism is an excellent example of the apocalyptic passions of religion that
have returned as projects of universal human emancipation through more and
more terror.
Today, the United States and its close allies ignore history and justify
their own and Israeli aggression on the basis of lies or pretexts such as the
kidnapping of Israeli soldiers. On the other hand, mass killing of innocent
civilians in occupied lands is considered “collateral damage” in an effort to
emancipate the survivors.
With only a little hyperbole, one might define secular cult’s marriage of
neo-conservative re Islamophobic philosophy in terms of this Freudian cycle.
The mark of repressed thought and emotion is that it is shut away from
conscious scrutiny. This is nowhere more evident than in the encounter of
Muslim societies with radical part of the West. Western thinkers note that
Islam has never grasped the need for a secular realm. Actually, they fail to
note that what passes for secular belief in the West is a mutation of
religious faith.
Besides the struggle to maintain the exploitative economic order that
benefits just a few, the continued conflict between the Muslim majority world
and the West is a war of religion. The Enlightenment idea of a universal
civilization, which the West upholds against Islam, is an offspring of
Christianity. The peculiar hybrids of dictatorships, kingdoms and democracy
are by-products of Western radical thought and designs.
The chiliastic violence of radical democracy of the United States, Britain
and Israel is not the product of any ‘clash of civilizations’. The twentieth
century’s grand experiments in missionary terror were not in reaction to
something wrong in the Muslim world. They expressed the totalitarian ambitions
that have been harbored only in the West.
The death camps of Nazi Germany, the gulags of Soviet Russia, the Dresden
bombing and the nuking of Japan killed 60 million people, far more than in any
earlier century. Yet it is not the number of dead that is peculiarly fascist.
It is the belief that as a result of these deaths a new world would be born.
In former times, the Inquisition tortured and killed on a large scale; but it
did not imagine it would remake the world through terror. It promised
salvation in the world hereafter, not paradise in the world below.
In contrast, both in the twentieth and twenty-first century, industrial
scale killing has been practiced in the belief that the survivors will live in
a world better than any that has ever existed. As a whole the U.N. sanction on
Iraq 1.8 million lives. When the U.S. ambassador to the U.N. was asked on 60
Minutes program whether the cost of the lives of over a half million children
“was worth it” in order to get rid of president of Iraq. She replied, “yes the
price is worth it.” A real estimate will show that close to 200,000 people
have been killed in Afghanistan and Iraq since 2001, yet the warlords are
determined to make these places earthly paradises for the survivors.
Edmund Stillman and William Pfaff rightly pointed out in their book, The
politics of hysteria, in 1964:
“To destroy a city, a state, an empire even, is an essentially finite
action; but to attempt to total annihilation—the liquidation—of so ubiquitous
but so theoretically or ideologically defined an entity as a social class or
racial abstraction is quite another, and one impossible even in conception to
a mind not conditioned by Western habits of thought. Here is a truly Faustian
ambition—to transform by physical action to merely the earth, but the
qualities of the creatures who dwell upon it, an ambition related to the
modern quest for the breaking down of mountains, the escape from the bounds of
the earth, the control and reform of human genetics, the manipulation of life
itself—all of them ambitions which, before this century, were the dark matter
of myth and necromancy. Yet such have been the stated ambitions of the two
political movements, Communism and Fascism, which have convulsed the middle
years of our century.”
Self evidently, the belief of Western totalitarians that terror can remake
the world is not a result of any kind of scientific inquiry or secularism. It
is faith, pure and simple. No less incontrovertibly, the faith is uniquely
western.
Western warlords believe in the myth that, as the rest of the world submit
to their power and reshape itself in their image, it is bound to become
enlightened, peaceful and pure—as contrary to all evidence, they imagine
themselves to be. The continued and successful resistance in Palestine, Iraq
and Afghanistan has destroyed this myth; and yet it continues to be believed.
The nihilists in Washington, London and Tel Aviv are driven by the belief that
the world can be transformed by spectacular acts of “shock and awe” and
terror. This myth has been repeatedly disproved; but still it persists.
Myths are not refuted. They simply disappear, as the way of life from which
they sprang fade from the world. Science teaches limits, but intermingled with
eschatological myths it has kindled limitless ambitions. The result is the
unbounded violence of modern times, which the U.S., U.K. and Israel in
particular continue. It is not the first attempt to remake the world by
terror, and it will not be the last. Once the past tyrannies disappeared,
other types of terror in the name of liberation and democracy followed. The
advancement of knowledge and technology does not prove that this is the age of
reason as well. It merely added another twist to human folly and fine tuned
the ways to subjugate torture and annihilate.
United Nations Security Council's unanimously passing a resolution
condemning Israeli terrorism or the U.S. vetoing it, is irrelevant. The world
has to do more than thinking about resolutions to condemn terrorism of the
trio of terror because Washington, London and Tel Aviv’s determination to
continue global terrorism has ensured that the humanity is in for an
unimaginably bigger, wider and most horrible war of human history in the very
near future.
The foes and woes of the lone superpower . . . and a Dutch Muslim woman.
By Stéphanie Giry Sunday, July 16, 2006; Page BW13
My, Do They Hate Us
Is the last superpower getting neurotic? As America
struggles to navigate the post-9/11 world, the same questions keep recurring:
Is America hated because of its power, its principles, its policies or its
people? For that matter, is it hated at all or simply envied? Are America and
the rest of the West now pitted against the Muslim world in the "clash of
civilizations" that the Harvard political scientist Samuel P. Huntington
forecast more than a decade ago? A few sweeping and unwieldy theories have
emerged, which may be why, among a slew of recent contributions to this
debate, the personal accounts tend to be more revealing than the surveys.
In America Against the World: How We Are Different and Why We Are Disliked
(Holt, $25), Andrew Kohut and Bruce Stokes examine numerous Pew Research Center
polls, conducted at home and abroad, to explain what makes America special and
why those qualities elicit so much resistance. Unfortunately, their conclusions
break little new ground. Although Americans and foreigners alike identify such
characteristics as individualism and optimism as quintessentially American,
Kohut and Stokes write, these traits don't make the United States any more
exceptional than other countries. In some respects, such as religiosity, the
United States is no exception at all: Americans are as devout as Middle
Easterners, and it's the Europeans and the Japanese, those staunch secularists,
who stand out.
Kohut (the director of the Pew Research Center for the People & the Press, a
nonpartisan polling organization) and Stokes (a National Journal columnist and
Pew consultant) do single out a few misunderstandings about U.S. policy to help
explain anti-Americanism. Despite what many foreigners believe, Americans have
no imperial ambitions, they write; U.S. chauvinism breeds indifference toward
the rest of the world, not the desire to conquer it. As they see it, America's
unchallenged global primacy, rather than its exceptionalism (real or
misconstrued), largely accounts for anti-Americanism abroad. Such resentment,
the book declares, is the complex product of the world's more or less accurate
perceptions of both U.S. ideals and U.S. policies. Perhaps, but that's not much
help in thinking about how to stem the anti-American tide.
Through Our
Enemies' Eyes
A particularly vexing aspect of the U.S. image problem is America's
relationship with the Muslim world, especially its radical fringe. Fawaz A.
Gerges's Journey of the Jihadist: Inside Muslim Militancy (Harcourt,
$25), which features extensive interviews with several Islamist militants (some
repentant, some not), is a fine introduction to the topic. Though Gerges's
interviews present a slightly random sampling of views, his book manages to
sketch a recent history of jihadism and identify the movement's major strands.
Despite differing perspectives, many of Gerges's subjects (including one of
Egyptian president Anwar al-Sadat's killers) are united in opposing what they
see as the West's cult of the individual and the resulting secularization of
modern society.
These traits have been raising hackles since at least the late 1940s, when
Sayyid Qutb, the father of contemporary jihadism, visited the United States and
decried the laxity of American mores. In 1949, anticipating Huntington's thesis,
Qutb made this prediction: "The real struggle in the future will not pit
capitalism against Communism, or the Eastern camp against the Western camp . . .
it will be between materialism throughout the world and Islam." Judging from
Gerges's interviews, Qutb was largely right. This zealous sentiment fueled
opposition to secular Arab regimes (like Egypt's) or debauched ones (like Saudi
Arabia's); it also spurred Osama bin Laden and his Egyptian deputy, Ayman al-Zawahiri,
to internationalize the struggle against Western depravity and to urge Muslims
to take up arms against "crusader" forces in Afghanistan, Bosnia, Chechnya and
elsewhere.
Gerges is also attuned to strains within the jihadist movement; in
particular, he writes that, after 9/11, many Islamists faulted al-Qaeda for
focusing on the United States rather than on local apostate regimes. But at just
the moment the argument was heating up, the Bush administration chose to kick
the anthill by invading Iraq. That move, Gerges argues, hasn't helped America's
image.
A Soldier's Story
That dawning truth is amply confirmed in the pages of Chasing Ghosts:
A Soldier's Fight for America From Baghdad to Washington (NAL Caliber,
$24.95), the angry memoir of Paul Rieckhoff, a New York National Guard
lieutenant who led a light infantry platoon in central Baghdad during much of
2003. Rieckhoff, who writes that he volunteered for the war despite opposing its
rationales, opens his wartime journal with skepticism: "George Bush had better
be [expletive] right." His book is a scathing insider's look at how the
subsequent occupation was conducted on the cheap. Short on patrol cars,
Rieckhoff's men made their rounds in looted luxury SUVs after hacking off the
vehicles' doors. Meanwhile, their very presence seemed to breed more insurgents
than it eliminated. Upon coming home thoroughly disheartened, Rieckhoff founded
Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America.
Rieckhoff's writing is sometimes ponderous ("There is no worse feeling than
helplessness. It really got to me"). But his straightforward style comes across
as honest and underscores the earnestness of his attempt to wrest back from the
Bush administration his cherished conception of America. Most of the Iraqis in
Chasing Ghosts are normal folk trying to get by, and Rieckhoff's grunts
are generally eager to help out. They pay for a janitor's emergency surgery out
of their own pockets, and Rieckhoff finagles from home a pair of size-19 Air
Jordans for a local giant -- gestures that generate much gratitude and goodwill.
Chasing Ghosts suggests that far below Washington's high-falutin' rhetoric,
Americans -- exceptional or otherwise -- can do a lot for their country's
reputation. Radical Islamists may despise basic American values, but many other
Muslims are more upset by America's failure to live up to them. One way to
bridge that divide, Rieckhoff's story suggests, may be for sensible people to
reclaim the ideals of their cultures from the perverting influence of their
respective elites.
A Woman's Place
The Caged Virgin: An Emancipation Proclamation for Women and Islam
(Free Press, $19.95), by the controversial Somali-born Dutch legislator Ayaan
Hirsi Ali, may be read as such an effort. It includes her script for
"Submission," which got the filmmaker Theo van Gogh, who directed it, killed two
years ago by an Islamist fanatic. The rest of The Caged Virgin contains mostly
advice for young Muslim women about how to flee abusive homes. Although Hirsi
Ali's tone can be self-helpy, her book is largely a measured attempt by an
atheist who still calls herself a Muslim to save Islam from its excesses -- with
some help from the West. Hirsi Ali, who moved to Holland in 1992 as a refugee,
proposes several reforms, such as new laws and screening procedures to help end
female genital mutilation among immigrants living in the Netherlands. More
generally, though, she advises Muslims to be more self-critical.
In light of her recent run-ins with the Dutch authorities, that call now
seems uncannily applicable to the Western liberal establishment as well. In May,
Hirsi Ali was forced to quit parliament -- and almost lost her Dutch citizenship
-- for having lied on immigration forms years ago. Since those mistruths had
long been an open secret, the brouhaha smacked of petty politicking and betrayed
Holland's fraught relationship with even its most liberal Muslim immigrants. The
government has since resigned over the controversy -- a development that adds an
interesting twist to Hirsi Ali's manifesto: If the West wants the world to
understand its values, perhaps it should first do more to protect them at home.
·
Stéphanie Giry is a senior editor at Foreign Affairs magazine.
Russia and China reconsidered
By Tony Blankley July 12, 2006
The Washington Times
Russia and China seem to have the United States — at least publicly —
flummoxed. In recent days President Bush has praised China as "a good partner to
have at the table with us" regarding North Korean negotiations. This week he has
cited his "good friendship" with Russian President Vladimir Putin. Yesterday,
Mr. Bush praised Mr. Putin for his "helpful role" in diplomacy — on the same day
it was revealed that the Russian government forced Russian radio stations to
stop broadcasting news from Voice of America, Radio Free Europe and Radio
Liberty. And, since 2001 he has talked about America's "strategic partnership"
with Russia.
It is true that often diplomacy requires a statesmen to insincerely
publicly express friendship with nations that are well understood not to be
friends.
Such public diplomatic utterances become of concern only if they betoken an
actual assessment of the nations' relationships. In the cases of China and
Russia there is evidence that our government still sees them as partners in a
dangerous world.
We should all wish that they were partners — or could be in the future. I
am not in the camp that sees either of those great powers as inevitable enemies.
And we should constantly direct our foreign policy toward gaining as amicable
relations as possible with each of them (while, of course, being ever vigilant
and prepared to deal with their hostility as it may emerge). But it is becoming
increasingly suggestive that currently it would be a miscalculation to premise
our actions on the assumption that either Russia or China view themselves as our
partners in any meaningful use of that word.
Regarding the North Korean missile controversy, China would appear to be
opposing our aims. While China told us before the missile launches that they
were pressing North Korea not to launch, North Korea's non-compliance would
suggest that China did not really insist. After all, China can turn on and off
the energy and food spigot to impoverished North Korea.
While one cannot be sure of these things, the better judgment is that China
is perfectly happy to have its ward, North Korea, continue to show up American
impotence. Each time we make and then withdraw various deadlines, American
diplomatic credibility is reduced worldwide. (As we pointed out last week in a
Washington Times editorial.)
Whether it pleases China to let this humiliation continue or whether China
finally enforces its mandate on North Korea (perhaps in exchange for an American
concession to China on some unrelated economic or foreign policy matter), the
conclusion must be accepted that China is not "our good partner to have at the
table."
The sad fact is that America currently is not able to stop North Korea short
of military action — which at this moment would be an act of wanton recklessness
on our part. It is true that we have been — and continue to be — squeezing North
Korea semi covertly through economic, naval and other means — which may over
time coerce North Korea to more acceptable behavior. But such factors will not
be determinative in the current missile controversy.
Thus our government looks increasingly foolish and pathetic as we plead to
"our partner," China, to bail the world out. Rather, we should start, and then
ratchet up, our public criticism of China for not being a responsible member of
the international community. They should pay an international price for their
irresponsibility. With their Olympics coming up, they may even give a damn for a
while.
With Russia, the story is a longer and sadder one. After the fall of Soviet
Russia, there were high hopes in the West that Russia would become what it had
never quite been — a part of the West. And after September 11, 2001 there seemed
a genuine opportunity to unite with Russia in common cause against our mutual
mortal threat — radical Islam. But whether due to high-handed American foreign
policy and annoying demands for American-style democracy in Russia, or whether
out of Russia's historic otherness, it is now quite clear that Mr. Putin's
Russia is ably crafting an independent stance.
Those who thought Russia would ever become our junior partner in the
Western alliance were probably never realistic. When I was last in Russia,
before Christmas last year, meeting with leading politicians, academics and
media people to discuss my book on Islam and the clash of civilizations, the
central point made by almost all my interlocutors was that Russia was its own
civilization — not part of the West.
Across the partisan and ideological Russian spectrum, their deep Russian
pride — and their fury at what they saw as America's exploitation of their
temporary weakness after the fall of the Soviet regime — made it clear to me
that Russia intended to chart a fully independent course. Ironically, the high
oil prices, caused in part by the Middle East turmoil, have made it possible for
Russia to finance such an independent foreign policy.
This doesn't make Russia our enemy. But it requires us to recalibrate our
expectation that Russia will behave like a partner in seeing its own interest
advanced by advancing our common international interests.
We may well have common ventures with Russia, but they will be hammered out
on a case by case basis — not as friends or enemies — but dispassionately as two
independent peoples who do not see a common path to a common future.
It would be dangerous to be in a world without partners. But it would be
more dangerous to see friendship where none exists.
11 July 2006
Secretary-General
SG/SM/10560
Department of Public Information • News and Media Division • New York
Secretary-General praises partnership between un,
Organization of Islamic Conference in promoting tolerance, equality,
development, in message to rabat meeting
Following is UN
Secretary-General Kofi Annan’s message to the general meeting on cooperation
between the United Nations and the Organization of the Islamic Conference,
delivered by Mehr Khan Williams, United Nations Deputy High Commissioner for
Human Rights,in Rabat, 11 July:
Over the years, and
especially the past decade, the United Nations and the Organization of the
Islamic Conference have worked to promote tolerance, equality, development
and the peaceful resolution of conflict. Both the UN’s 2005 World Summit
Outcome as well as the OIC’s most recent Summit Declaration have highlighted
the need for our organizations to adapt to face the challenges of the
twenty-first century.
This gathering is therefore
a timely occasion to review our existing cooperation, particularly in the 10
priority areas that have been identified: trade; refugees; investment;
environment; education; human resources; food security; science and
technology; technical cooperation among Islamic countries; and the
development of arts and crafts and promotion of heritage.
This meeting will also
review political developments of mutual concern to our memberships,
especially events in the Middle East. I repeat my call for all parties to
avoid steps which further aggravate the situation, and to act in strict
accordance with international humanitarian law. At this difficult juncture,
the international community, including the OIC, must guide the two sides
away from violence and conflict and towards negotiations and compromise.
In Iraq, the formation of an
inclusive and representative Government has provided some cause for
optimism. I hope the OIC will continue to work with the United Nations and
other parties to ensure that the new Government is fully empowered to
address the grave challenges confronting it. In Sudan, we must now do
everything within our power to ensure that the Darfur Peace Agreement is
fully implemented. At the same time, we must continue to deliver the
humanitarian assistance that is a lifeline for so many people in that
region.
The United Nations needs
partners such as the OIC and other international and regional organizations
whose experience and knowledge complement the reach and legitimacy of the
United Nations system. Your support is crucial to our long-term success.
It is in that spirit of partnership that I send my best wishes for a
successful meeting.
In the week preceding Hizbullah's July 12 cross-border raid into Israel that
sparked the Lebanon war, the UN security council was wrestling with a draft
resolution on Gaza. Sponsored by Arab countries, it called for the
unconditional release of an Israeli soldier captured by Palestinian militants
on June 25, an end to the firing of rockets from Gaza into Israel, and a halt
to Israel's "disproportionate" military response that was killing and injuring
dozens of Palestinian civilians.
In the event, the
US vetoed the Gaza resolution on the grounds that it was "unbalanced" and,
ironically in the light of subsequent events, would have exacerbated regional
tensions. John Bolton, the US ambassador, said the draft "places demands on
one side of the Middle East conflict but not the other". In a taste of things
to come, Britain abstained from voting.
The security council's failure during the period beginning June 25 to offer
even a statement of concern about events in Gaza is one possible reason why
Hizbullah took the incendiary action it did on July 12, capturing two more
Israeli soldiers and killing several others. The Lebanese Shia militia
doubtless had other motives, too. But it appeared determined to stand up for
the Palestinians when the international community was evidently unwilling or
unable to do so.
The council's subsequent record as the Lebanon war has unfolded in all its
unchecked barbarity has been even less edifying. It has been effectively
sidelined as the US has repeatedly disrupted collective attempts to achieve an
immediate halt to the violence. Efforts by the French council presidency to
gather support for a ceasefire resolution have made scant progress in the face
of ongoing US obstruction.
And cruelly highlighting the UN's inability to look after its own,
Washington blocked a council statement on Wednesday evening condemning
Israel's bombing of a UN monitoring post in south Lebanon that killed four
observers. Neither China, which lost one of its citizens in the bombing, nor
Russia, which has demanded a "central role" for the UN in the crisis, were
able to shift Washington.
Philippe Douste-Blazy, France's foreign minister, warned that the longer
the international community failed to act, the greater the potential risks.
"If we don't stop things now, an absolutely hellish spiral will be unleashed,"
he told French radio. "It would not just be between Israel and Hizbullah but
also increasingly between Israel and Arab countries and increasingly between
the west and the Muslim world." Al-Qaida grimly echoed his warning yesterday.
"All the world is a battlefield open in front of us," it said.
Anger is growing over continuing US spoiling tactics. "The Americans' mood
has not changed" despite the mounting carnage in Lebanon, a senior European
official said yesterday. "The Americans are always obstructive at the UN
unless there is something they want." An example was the expected UN
resolution on Iran's nuclear programmes, which the US strongly supports. That
is likely to pass in the next few days.
"It's not the UN's fault," the official added. "What is at stake is the
ability of the so-called great powers to deliver. Kofi Annan [the UN secretary
general] has made some very strong statements. But he is not in a position to
impose. It's a matter of will, of responsibility, of vision, it's a matter of
governance. If the security council governments can't agree an action plan,
the UN will remain impotent."
But pressure is building. Lord Hannay, formerly Britain's ambassador to the
UN, said: "It is now time for the security council to get fully engaged in
attempts to end the fighting."
The UN's problems, an echo of the crisis over Iraq and more recent spats
with the US over internal reform, are symbolised to a degree by the embroiling
of Mr Annan in an increasingly personal feud after he accused Israel of
deliberately targeting the UN observers.
Dan Gillerman, Israel's UN ambassador, told More4 News yesterday that Mr
Annan's claim was "ludicrous, very hasty, unfortunate, appalling and
irresponsible ... Nobody in his right mind would accuse Israel of doing
something like that."
Blair to seek U.N. resolution on Mideast
By Jennifer Quinn, Associated Press Writer |
July 28, 2006
LONDON --British Prime Minister Tony Blair will seek a U.N. resolution to
resolve the fighting between Israel and Hezbollah guerrillas during talks with
President Bush in Washington, his spokesman said Friday.
Speaking aboard Blair's plane as it flew to Washington, the spokesman said
Britain hoped a U.N. resolution could be in place by next week.
He said Blair will try "to increase the urgency, the pace of diplomacy, in
identifying the practical steps that are necessary to bring about a cease-fire
on both sides."
"We want to accelerate discussions that are going on among the
international community, identifying those who would serve in a stabilization
force, and increase the tempo of putting that stabilization force together,"
he told reporters on customary condition of anonymity.
Blair is under growing pressure at home for Britain to distance itself from
the U.S. and call for an immediate end to violence between Israel and
Hezbollah.
Many in Britain believe he should align himself with the United Nations and
European Union and call for an immediate end to the fighting in Lebanon, and
use the White House meeting to press Bush to add his support to such a move.
An open letter published Friday in The Independent newspaper and signed by
former British Cabinet ministers and ambassadors urged Blair to help broker a
swift cease-fire. It warned that any continuing support for Israel's military
action could become as unpopular with the public as the 2003 U.S.-led invasion
of Iraq.
The letter was also signed by musicians Damon Albarn, Peter Gabriel and
Brian Eno and writers Harold Pinter, Will Self and Gillian Slovo.
"The prime minister is going into the trip with some very serious issues to
discuss. He is extremely focused on trying to solve these issues," said a
spokesman for Blair's Downing Street office, on customary condition of
anonymity.
During his U.S. visit, Blair must also take account of an uproar in Britain
over allegations that two U.S.-chartered planes carrying missiles to Israel
stopped to refuel at a Scottish airport without providing authorities with
details of their hazardous cargo.
That pit stop has provoked new criticism from those who question what
Britain receives in return for its "special relationship" with the U.S.,
particularly in light of divisions between the nations over international
trade and climate change.
Israel nixes major U.N. role in
Lebanon
By NICK WADHAMS July 27, 2006
NEW YORK (AP) -- Israel's U.N. ambassador on Thursday
ruled out major U.N. involvement in any potential international force in
Lebanon, saying more professional and better-trained troops were needed for
such a volatile situation.
Dan Gillerman also said Israel would not allow the
United Nations to join in an investigation of an Israeli airstrike that
demolished a post belonging to the current U.N. peacekeeping mission in
Lebanon. Four U.N. observers were killed in the Tuesday strike.
"Israel has never agreed to a joint investigation, and
I don't think that if anything happened in this country, or in Britain or in
Italy or in France, the government of that country would agree to a joint
investigation," Gillerman said.
Gillerman, who spoke at an event hosted by The Israel
Project advocacy group and later inside the United Nations, gave a heated
defense of Israel's two-week campaign against Hezbollah militants. He said
some diplomats from the Middle East had told him that Israel was doing the
right thing in going after Hezbollah.
His refusal to conduct a joint investigation will be a
slap to U.N. officials, who have specifically sought to partner with Israel
to investigate the bombing.
Gillerman was highly critical of the current U.N.
peacekeeping force, deployed in a buffer Zone between Israel and Lebanon
since 1978, saying its facilities had sometimes been used for cover by
Hezbollah militants and that it had not done its job.
"It has never been able to prevent any shelling of
Israel, any terrorist attack, any kidnappings," he said. "They either didn't
see or didn't know or didn't want to see, but they have been hopeless."
Gillerman even mocked the name of the force - the U.N.
Interim Force in Lebanon.
"Interim in U.N. jargon is 28 years," he said.
The flaws with the U.N. force make it imperative that
any U.N. force come from somewhere else, though it could have a mandate from
the United Nations, he said.
"So obviously it cannot be a United Nations force,"
Gillerman said. "It will have to be an international force, a professional
one, with soldiers from countries who have the training and capabilities to
be effective."
Any such force must have two main objectives. It must
disarm Hezbollah completely and make sure that the group has lost all its
capacity as a terror organization; and it should monitor the border between
Syria and Lebanon "to make sure that no additional shipments of arms,
rockets, illegal weapons, enter Lebanon," he said.
Despite his refusal for a U.N. force, he said Israel
was not "excluding anybody," and that "the makeup, the composition and the
countries which would supply the soldiers to that force still has to be
decided."
Gillerman apologized for the strike that killed the
four U.N. observers, but said the conflict was a war and that accidents
happen.
"This is a war which is going on," he told reporters.
"War is an ugly thing and during war, mistakes and tragedies do happen."
Gillerman said Israel would welcome any information
from the U.N. as it conducts its investigation, and will consider any U.N.
requests for information.
Cook argues that U.S. democracy policy is missing a key ingredient:
principles.
U.S. Policy: Hypocrisy, Principles, and Reform in the
Middle East
Steven A. Cook
Observers have criticized the United States strongly for its
unwillingness to recognize the Hamas government in Palestine, as well as for
appearing to back away from supporting reform in Egypt after the Muslim
Brotherhood's strong showing in 2005 elections. It seems that Washington is
only interested in democratic development to the extent that this process
brings to power groups and individuals that meet the approval of the United
States, leading to accusations of U.S. double-standards. The problem for the
Bush administration is not that it is no longer interested in promoting
democratic reform. Rather, the problem is that the Bush administration has not
forcefully upheld key democratic principles such as non-violence and the rule
of law. Ironically, it is Washington's strenuous effort not to appear to be
imposing its agenda on the Arab world that has led to charges of hypocrisy.
There is much that is laudable in Washington's push for democracy in the
Arab world. Since 2003 President Bush, his two Secretaries of State, and a
variety of other senior officials have spoken publicly and forcefully in favor
of change in the Arab world. In addition to the resources devoted to
rebuilding Iraq, the Bush administration has committed approximately $386
million to supporting democratic reform in the Middle East —more than its
immediate predecessors combined. While doing so, the U.S. has been careful to
emphasize that Washington is leaving it to Arabs—except in Iraq—to develop
their own visions for a democratic future. Far from developing a blueprint to
be imposed upon Arab societies, Washington believes that the status quo in the
region is so untenable that, as Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice told the
Washington Post in 2005, the Bush administration is “willing to move
in another direction,” implying that the United States would accept Islamist
rule.
Yet Washington's support for change in the Arab world, so long as it is the
result of actual or quasi-democratic practices, has left the Bush
administration in a rhetorical and analytical trap. The refusal to recognize
the Hamas-controlled Palestinian Authority government that came to power in
March 2006—as the result of free and fair elections that represent the will of
the Palestinian people—in particular has led Arabs to conclude that the United
States is not sincere in its call for democratic change. Throughout the spring
of 2006, the Arab press and opinion leaders subjected the Bush administration
to withering criticism and accusations of pernicious double standards when it
comes to democracy in the Arab world.
While it is true that Hamas prevailed in an election that a host of
international non-governmental organization certified as among the fairest in
the Arab world, this is not a sufficiently compelling reason for the United
States to recognize the government of Ismail Haniyya. Hamas is a terrorist
organization that specifically employs violence against civilians and does not
adhere to democratic values. This very predicament—that the United States
recognized the legitimacy of the Palestinian elections but not the
organization elected—suggests the need for a set of principles that has been
noticeably lacking in U.S. democracy promotion policy.
Specifically, as forcefully as the Bush administration has called for
freedom and democracy in the Arab world, Washington must be equally forceful
in upholding two basic standards: non-violence and adherence to democratic
principles that go beyond mere democratic procedures. Such principles include
rule of law, rights of women and minorities, religious and political
tolerance, transparency, and alternation of power. Based on the statements of
Hamas leaders, as well as the group's political agenda and founding charter,
the organization cannot be called democratic according to most of these
criteria.
Had the Bush administration articulated this set of principles and
standards from the beginning it would have met with fierce criticism, but
Washington at least would not have been vulnerable to charges of deceit. To be
sure, political transformation in the Arab world will develop in particular
ways that conform to Egyptian, Palestinian, Jordanian, Bahraini, and Algerian
societies. While organizations such as Hamas, the Muslim Brotherhood, and
Hizbollah may have grassroots support and authentic visions of political
change, the United States is not required to support them. There are other
political activists and organizations in the Arab world that may not have the
reservoir of support that the Brotherhood, Hamas, or Hizbollah currently
command, but are certainly more democratic than these Islamist groups.
There are few reliable metrics by which the progress of democratic
development can be judged. Yet by clearly outlining the basic principles that
democratic political organizations and activists must uphold, Washington can
insulate itself from charges of hypocrisy, identify groups that are truly
democratic, and make its case for democratic change in the Arab world more
effectively.
Steven A. Cook is the Douglas Dillon Fellow at the Council on Foreign
Relations.