News Update - English,
Turkish, Spanish, French
[ December 2006 ]
( English - Türkçe - Español - Français )
ALLIANCE OF CIVILIZATIONS:
ACTION PLAN TO IMPROVE CROSS CULTURAL RELATIONS -
THE REPORT OF THE HIGH-LEVEL GROUP
In order to de-escalate extremism, it is necessary to correct
misinformation and encourage constructive action.
The Report of the High-level Group was presented to UN
Secretary-General Kofi Annan and to Prime Ministers José Luis Rodríguez
Zapatero and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan on 13 November 2006 at the final meeting
of the High-level Group in Istanbul, Turkey.
Follow this link to download the Report: www.unaoc.org
To advance the Alliance of Civilizations, the UN Secretary-General
established a High-level Group of eminent personalities and tasked this Group
with generating a report containing an analysis of the rise in cross-cultural
polarization and extremism and a set of practical recommendations to counter
this phenomenon. The High-level Group met five times from November 2005 to
November 2006, at the conclusion of which it produced a report which takes a
multi-polar approach within which it prioritizes relations between Muslim and
Western societies.
The report is structured in two parts: Part I presents an analysis of the global
context and of the state of relations between Muslim and Western societies. It
concludes with a set of policy recommendations, indicating the High-level
Group's belief that certain political steps are pre-requisites to any
substantial and lasting improvement in relations between Muslim and Western
societies. Part II of the report reflects the High-level Group's view that
tensions across cultures have spread beyond the political level into the hearts
and minds of populations. To counter this trend, the Group analyzes and presents
recommendations in each of four thematic areas: Education, Youth, Migration, and
Media. The Report concludes with the High-level Group's suggestions for the
implementation of its recommendations.
For news on High-level Group meeting in Istanbul, Turkey:
Hispano-Turco.com [ Dialogue of Civilizations Update November 2006 ]
The Secretary-General of the United
Nations has launched an initiative, co-sponsored by the Prime Ministers of Spain
and Turkey, for an Alliance of Civilizations.
The initiative responds to a broad consensus across
nations, cultures and religions that all societies are interdependent, bound
together in their development and security, and in their environmental, economic
and financial well-being.
The Alliance seeks to forge collective political will and to mobilize concerted
action at the institutional and civil society levels to overcome the prejudice,
misperceptions and polarization that militate against such a consensus. And it
hopes to contribute to a coalescing global movement which, reflecting the will
of the vast majority of people, rejects extremism in any society.
Events of recent years have exacerbated mutual suspicion, fear and
misunderstanding between Islamic and Western societies. This environment has
been exploited by extremists throughout the world.
Only a comprehensive coalition will be able to avert any further deterioration
of relations between societies and nations, which could threaten international
stability. The Alliance seeks to counter this trend by establishing a paradigm
of mutual respect between civilizations and cultures.
To guide this initiative, the Secretary-General, in consultation with the co-sponsors,
has established a High-level Group (HLG) of eminent persons.
Turkey, Spain seek to bring up Alliance of Civilizations at
NATO summit
As part of efforts to bridge differences between cultures and civilizations,
Turkey and Spain are exerting efforts to add the Alliance of Civilization issue
to the agenda of the NATO summit to be held next week in Riga.
Turkey and Spain presented a motion for touching on the Alliance of
Civilizations Project in the reports of the NATO summit which will be released
following the meetings.
A Spanish government spokesperson said that negotiations about the subject are
still continuing, adding that there is no problem in the NATO summit report
possibly reflecting support to Alliance of Civilizations initiative.
But diplomatic sources denied the remarks of the Spanish spokesperson, saying
that Alliance of Civilizations initiative won't be on the agenda of NATO.
Sources also said that the initiative will be referred under one of the sub-reports
covering terrorism.
In related news, Spanish daily ABC said on Friday that the Alliance of
Civilizations initiative will be taken into consideration during the NATO summit.
The daily stated that NATO leaders don't feel special interest in the initiative,
but will express their support for it in NATO documents.
ABHaber 26.11.2006 thenewanatolian www.abhaber.com
Erdogan calls on pope to back 'alliance of civilizations'
ROME - Turkish Prime Minister Tayyip Recep Erdogan has urged Pope Benedict XVI
to back the "Alliance of Civilizations" between the West and the
Muslim world launched in 2004 by Ankara and Madrid.
"The pope, who is both a politician and a religious figure, can play
an important role in replacing a climate of war with a climate of peace,"
Erdogan said over Italian television late Thursday.
Erdogan, who will not be in Ankara during the pope's visit next week, said
his "only message" for Benedict was "to support the Turko-Spanish
initiative of an 'Alliance of Civilizations' as an alternative to the clash of
civilizations."
The initiative, launched at the United Nations in September 2004, is
designed to join Western and Muslim states to fight radical Islam.
It calls on institutions and civil society to overcome prejudices and
misunderstandings between peoples of different cultures and religions.
Erdogan, the head of Turkey's ruling Justice and Development Party, which
has Islamist roots, reiterated his stance on the pope's remarks in September
viewed by Muslims as linking Islam to violence.
"We have never allowed ourselves to insult the prophets of other
religions," he said. "Our faith even orders us to respect them. Thus
we have the right to expect the same treatment from members of other religions."
Erdogan will be unable to meet the head of the Roman Catholic Church during
his November 28-December 1 visit because he will be at the NATO summit in
Riga, Latvia.
"We cannot neglect the Atlantic Alliance because the pope is coming to
Turkey," he said.
11/24/2006 14:32 GMT www.turkishpress.com
Pope Benedict XVI leaving the Atatürk Mausoleum in Ankara, Tuesday. ((AP
Photo/Dimitri Messinis))
Pope supports EU membership, Turkish leader says
Associated Press - International Herald Tribune Nov. 28, 2006 www.iht.com
ANKARA, Turkey: Turkey's prime minister said Tuesday that Pope
Benedict XVI told him he wanted Turkey to join the European Union. The Vatican
said only that it views as favorable the steps that Turkey is taking to meet EU
membership requirements.
Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan greeted Benedict when he arrived in the
Turkish capital on a flight from Rome, and the two men had a private discussion
at the airport. Erdogan, whose Muslim country is engaged in a troubled bid to
join the EU, later told reporters:
"I said to the pope, 'I ask for your help on the way to the European
Union,' and on this subject he said, 'You know we are not politicians, but we
hope Turkey enters the European Union.'"
Asked about Erdogan's remark, a senior Vatican official said the Vatican
favors the steps Turkey is taking to meet EU membership requirements. He spoke
on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the issue, noting that
the Vatican is not a "political entity."
In a statement, Vatican spokesman Rev. Federico Lombardi said:
"The Holy See has neither the power nor the specific political task of
intervening on the exact point regarding the entry of Turkey into the European
Union. It's not in its scope. However, it views positively and encourages the
road of dialogue and of moving toward integration in Europe on the basis of
common values and principles."
As a cardinal, before he became pope, Benedict said Turkey represented a
culture "in permanent contrast to Europe" and has repeatedly called
for a return in Europe to fundamental Christian values.
At a press conference earlier Tuesday, a representative of the Vatican noted
that Benedict's earlier remarks were made before he became pope.
"When a man becomes the pope ... it's in a sense expected that his
personal views recede into the background," Bishop Brian Farrell said.
He said the Vatican was not a member of the European Union and had no
official stance on Turkey's membership bid.
The pope's perceived opposition to Turkey's EU bid fueled Turkish criticism
of Benedict, whose visit to Turkey is his first to a Muslim nation.
Turkey has conducted economic and other reforms in an effort to join the EU,
but a dispute over divided Cyprus and other issues threatens to derail its
campaign.
Pope Agrees Islam is Religion of Peace
By Cihan News Agency
Tuesday, November 28, 2006 zaman.com
"I told the pope that Islam was a religion of
peace and tolerance and he shared the same ideas," Turkish Prime Minister
Recep Tayyip Erdogan told a press briefing after meeting Pope Benedict XVI at
Ankara airport.
Erdogan and the pope talked for about 25 minutes at Esenboga Airport in the
Turkish capital Ankara.
Erdogan gave a statement on his meeting with the pope just before his
departure for Riga, Latvia to attend a NATO summit.
He said that the short meeting was about the Alliance of Civilizations and
the interfaith dialogue.
Erdogan stated that the pope's visit to a predominantly Muslim country was
very important and right on time with the declaration of the Alliance of
Civilizations initiative, which Erdogan co-chairs with his Spanish counterpart
Zapatero.
Saying that the government did its best to welcome the pontiff in a
hospitable manner, Erdogan expressed his wishes that the visit would be fruitful
for world peace.
Asked about the pope's attitude on Turkey's EU membership, Erdogan replied:
"I said that I expected his support on membership and the pope responded,
’We are not politicians but would like Turkey to join the EU.’"
For further information please visit http://www.cihannews.com
Open Letter to Pope Benedict XVI by Muslim Scholars and Leaders
(2006-10-12)
In an unprecedented move, an open
letter signed by 38 leading Muslim religious scholars and leaders around the
world was sent to Pope Benedict XVI on Oct. 12, 2006. The letter, which is the
outcome of a joint effort in a spirit of goodwill, to respond to some of the
remarks made by the Pope during his lecture
at the University of Regensburg on Sept. 12, 2006. It was signed by top
religious authorities and all the eight schools of thought and jurisprudence in
Islam are represented by the signatories, including a woman scholar. In this
respect the letter is unique in the history of interfaith relations.
Christian divisions cloud Pope's talks
The Pope's meeting with Patriarch Bartholomew will be keenly watched
|
Pope Benedict XVI, spiritual leader of the world's Catholics, is to meet
Patriarch Bartholomew - "first among equals" of the leaders of the
Orthodox Christian churches - in the Turkish city of Istanbul.
The Pope's visit to overwhelmingly Muslim Turkey has already provoked
controversy - with some nationalist and Islamist groups insisting he is not
welcome.
However, the Catholic-Orthodox relationship has also been fraught with
difficulty, even before the two churches split nearly 1,000 years ago.
On the same day as he meets Patriarch Bartholomew, Benedict XVI will also
visit one of the world's architectural marvels.
Built nearly 1,500 years ago by the East Roman (Byzantine) Emperor Justinian,
it was known as the Haghia Sofia - or Church of Holy Wisdom.
A lost symbol
Converted into a mosque by the conquering Turks in 1453, it became a museum
in the 1920s.
For many Orthodox Christians, it remains the lost symbol of their faith.
Some Muslim groups would like it to be a mosque once more.
If Benedict XVI offers a prayer here, the result could be religious dynamite.
Pope Benedict's visit to the Haghia Sophia will be closely watched
|
The history of Istanbul - once known as Constantinople - exemplifies the
clash of religions, politics and brute power.
Catholicism and Orthodoxy were once twin aspects of the same officially
approved version of Christianity, established under the Roman Empire after its
conversion in the 4th Century.
Catholicism was dominant in the "Latin" West; Orthodoxy in the
Greek-speaking East.
Over the centuries, political, cultural and theological differences widened
to the point where the two Churches formally split in 1054.
In 1204, Catholic Crusaders sacked Constantinople.
Reconciliation
Though roundly condemned by the Pope of the day, the sack is still seen by
many Orthodox as an act of "Latin treachery" - and continues to
mobilise anti-Catholic sentiment in traditionally Orthodox countries like Greece
and Russia.
It took until 1964 for a Pope, Paul VI, to meet an Orthodox Patriarch of
Constantinople, Athenagoras, on neutral ground, in Jerusalem.
Recent Popes and Patriarchs have pledged to work for reconciliation and
greater unity.
But significant obstacles remain.
One is the status of the Pope - seen by Catholics as the final arbiter of
theological and moral truth.
For the Orthodox churches, such authority derives from the first Seven
Councils of the Church - the last of which occurred in 787 AD - whose rulings
cannot be altered or added to.
Unfair treatment
Other differences concern issues like the nature of Holy Trinity; the
relationship between science and Faith; whether God can ever be fully understood;
or the existence - or otherwise - of Purgatory.
There are also tensions between the various Orthodox churches - with some,
like the Russian Orthodox Church, traditionally vying for the "number one"
position; and some suggesting that the Patriarch of Constantinople may be too
keen on his links with Rome.
One subject which may well come up during Benedict XVI's trip to Turkey is
the allegation that Christians are not treated fairly.
In the 1920s, when the Turkish Republic was established on the ruins of the
Ottoman Empire, there were 200,000 Orthodox ethnic Greeks in Istanbul.
Today there are 5000.
Istanbul's Orthodox Christian school of theology was closed by the
authorities in 1971 - and remains so, despite appeals from the European Union.
Orthodoxy, not Islam, draws pope to Turkey
Inquirer Staff Writer Tue, Nov. 28, 2006
While much of the world wonders whether Pope Benedict XVI will be met with
violent Muslim demonstrations - or worse - when he visits Istanbul this week, it
is Catholic relations with Orthodoxy, not Islam, that bring the pontiff to
Turkey.
Muslims worldwide are still incensed by remarks Benedict made in September,
when he linked Islam with violence and in the eyes of many insulted the prophet
Muhammad.
Some don't want him to come at all; others are hoping for some words or signs
that might repair the damage and restore Catholic-Islamic relations to the
warmer days they knew under Benedict's predecessor, Pope John Paul II.
But unlike John Paul - who once kissed a copy of the Koran - Benedict is not
a man of grand, theatrical gestures.
And, regardless of what assurances of respect and admiration for the Muslim
world the pontiff might issue this week, the core of his visit will be a
Thursday meeting with Bartholomew, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople and
spiritual leader of the world's 270 million Orthodox Christians.
While Westerners tend to think of ecumenism as rapprochement between
Catholics and Protestants, Benedict "sees the greatest commonality and hope
for ecumenism as with the Orthodox, not the Protestants," said Benedict's
biographer David Gibson.
"He sees little theological difference [between Catholicism and
Orthodoxy], and he identifies very much with that Orthodoxy's dynamism, its
polity, its liturgy, and the fact that it speaks one of the original languages
of the church," said Gibson, whose book, The Rule of Benedict, came
out in September.
Catholic author and columnist George Weigel, who wrote the definitive
biography of John Paul II, agreed. "This is not about the pope's visiting
an Islamic country," he said yesterday. "The pope is visiting the
patriarch."
Both Benedict and Bartholomew are committed to resolving the bitter
theological differences that have split their ancient churches for more than
1,000 years.
No major breakthrough is anticipated, but the two are expected to sign a
proclamation of affection between Catholicism and Orthodoxy at the close of
their meeting, according to the Rev. Dr. Frank Marangos, executive director for
communications for the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America.
"This is not a public-relations ploy or means to a political end,"
Marangos said in a phone interview from Istanbul. "The real intent of this
trip, which was planned a year ago, was for the pope to visit the patriarchate
and participate in prayer."
Weigel said he nevertheless expected the meeting to be eclipsed in news
reports by any demonstrations, violence, or papal gestures to Islam.
In September, the pontiff incensed much of the Muslim world when, in a
lecture to German theologians at Regensburg University, he warned against the
demise of religious reason.
Most of his Regensburg remarks were directed at the collapse of Christianity
in Europe, but he also pointed to Islamic jihadism, and quoted a 14th-century
Byzantine emperor who called Islam "evil and inhuman."
Those remarks so incensed Muslims that Turkey's Prime Minister Recep Tayyip
Erdogan originally said his schedule would not permit him to meet with Benedict
during this trip; yesterday, he agreed to greet him at Ankara's airport before
departing for the NATO summit in Latvia.
Erdogan's reluctance to spend time with Benedict might also be based on
concern that the pope will call attention to Turkey's repression of non-Islamic
faiths, which has slowed its efforts to join the European Union.
While Turkey is officially secular, the government recently closed the
nation's only Orthodox seminary and restricts public worship by non-Muslims.
Weigel said he hoped Benedict does not apologize for his September remarks
and instead "lifts up for the attention of the world the very difficult
circumstances in which the patriarchate is obliged to operate in Turkey."
But Ali Khan, executive director of the Islamic Council of America, said in a
phone interview yesterday from Chicago that he had "great expectations"
the pope would make a "significant gesture" toward the Muslim world.
"I think the [Muslim] reaction to his remarks was extreme," Khan
said. But, he added - perhaps more hopefully than accurately - the comments
"did not do permanent damage."
"He has not been pope for very long," Khan said. "If he admits
he made a mistake, let's move on."
Pope-Islam dialogue needs to continue
November 28, 2006 www.suntimes.com
BY JOHN O SULLIVAN
If nothing untoward has happened, Pope Benedict XVI should be sitting down to a
relaxing dinner in Ankara, the capital of Turkey, after a hectic first day of an
important trip, about the time you are reading this column. The highlight of
this first day was a visit to the impressive Mausoleum of Kemal Ataturk, founder
of modern Turkey and the architect of its secular constitution and Westernized
institutions.
Benedict's paying of respects to Ataturk was one strand of his attempt to
soothe Islamic opposition to his visit. Both the pope and the Turkish government
have spent the last few days exchanging expressions of goodwill and mutual
respect.
Everyone is seeking to lower the emotional temperature -- with the
characteristic exception of the European Union, which has chosen the eve of the
pope's visit to announce that Turkey will not be admitted to the EU unless it
opens its ports to Greek Cyprus. If the extraordinary security precautions put
in place by the Turks for Benedict's protection have to be activated today,
Brussels will share a large dollop of the blame.
But as he stood before the tomb of Ataturk today, the pope might have
reflected on how well and badly he dealt with religion and politics. In his day
Ataturk gave far more offense to pious Muslims than Benedict has done.
As part of his attempt to exclude Islam from a newly secular public life,
Ataturk banned the public wearing of Islamic headgear, namely the fez. And as
late as 1930 he executed 12 people for defying the ban on the fez.
Turks accepted the exclusion of Islam from public life -- and many other
reforms -- because Ataturk was a national hero who had saved Turkey from
invasion and defeat after World War I. An entire Kemalist political
establishment has governed Turkey and kept it a secular democracy ever since.
Turkey is a NATO ally, a growing economy and a bastion of genuine stability in
the region.
But most Turks (about 98 percent) are Muslim, and a large number want Islam
to be given greater public recognition and expression. Their women wear the
headscarf as a political-cum-religious gesture as once their men wore the fez.
Moderate Islamists support the governing Justice and Development party;
radical ones smaller parties. The Turkish armed forces, who see themselves as
the ultimate guardian of Ataturk's secular constitution, hold both groups in
suspicion. And there are periodic rumors of a military coup to prevent ''creeping
Islamicization.''
Much of the furor surrounding Pope Benedict's visit is really a safe and
coded way of expressing these tensions. His remarks on Christianity, Islam and
Reason in his Regensburg lecture have been distorted by the radical Islamists as
an attack on Islam in order to embarrass both their moderate rivals and the
Turkish armed forces -- and to whip up support for themselves. The pope is an
almost innocent bystander, but one who might get caught in the crossfire.
The obvious way forward is to make some concessions to the moderate Islamists
-- allowing greater public expression of Islam -- but in a larger context of
entrenching a secular constitution that embodies freedom of religion and free
speech. Turkish membership of the European Union would make such a compromise
both possible and permanent. To their credit, the governing moderate Islamists
have pushed strongly for such an outcome. If Turkey is excluded (and inevitably
angered by its exclusion), the likelihood is that over time some form of
Islamism is going to overpower the remnants of Kemalist secularism.
That, however, is a secondary question for both Europe and the pope. Whether
or not Turkey enters the EU, the West is going to have to decide how to handle
Islam and the millions of Muslims in its midst. A first step must be to separate
out the radical Islamists from the great body of Muslims.
Even if we succeed in isolating and defeating radical Islamists, however, we
will still face a problem: Islam is a strong faith that is uncomfortable both
with a secular state and with full religious liberty. (So was Catholicism in our
recent history.) Kemalism has shown that it cannot be permanently suppressed.
The Turkish jury is still out on whether an unreformed Islam can be politically
accommodated in a secular state. So the last question is whether Islam can come
to terms with liberty and secularism at a deeper religious level.
That was the question raised in the pope's speech at Regensburg. He then
asked Muslims to abandon any interpretation of jihad as a legitimate war against
other religions and to re-examine their view of the proper relationship between
God and Reason. Given that the Christian God appeals to reason, He rejects
forced conversions, holy wars and the murder of apostates. That understanding
has not always marked the history of Christianity, but it describes the Church
of today.
Benedict was inviting Muslims to consider whether their own faith might not
benefit from a similar re-examination. His words were misunderstood as hostile
and evoked a hostile reaction. But unless the pope and other Christian leaders
can freely raise such questions with leading Muslim clerics without inviting
either the murder of nuns or threats of assassination, then we will be faced
with long and needless conflict.
It is time for some Muslim Benedicts to step forward and continue the
dialogue.
Pope Backs Turkey’s Bid to Join Europe
ANKARA, Turkey, Nov. 28 — Pope
Benedict XVI came to Turkey on Tuesday carrying a surprise gesture of
goodwill aimed at blunting Muslim anger toward him: he blessed Turkey’s long-stalled
desire to join the European
Union, reversing his position of two years ago.
Skip to next paragraph
Dario Pignatelli/Polaris
Pope Benedict XVI visits the Ataturk Mausoleum during
the first day of his pastoral trip to Turkey.
(November 28, 2006)
Dimitar Dilkoff/AFP -- Getty Images
The pope visited the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk,
who founded the secular republic that Turkey is steadily shifting away
from.
Turkey’s prime minister, Recep
Tayyip Erdogan, told reporters after a brief meeting with Benedict at the
airport here that he had asked the pope to support Turkey in its attempts to
become a member of the European Union.
“He said, ‘You know we don’t have a political role, but we wish for
Turkey’s entry into the E.U.,’ ” Mr. Erdogan said the pope told him.
“His wish is a positive recommendation for us.”
Although the Vatican
does not play a formal role in the European Union, the pope’s gesture was
nonetheless a piece of political stagecraft at a delicate time both in relations
between Muslims and the West and in Benedict’s own damaged reputation among
Muslims.
Long before he angered the Muslim world two months ago with a speech
criticized as equating Islam with violence, Benedict was disliked here because
of comments he made, as a cardinal in 2004, opposing Turkey’s membership in
the European Union. As the successor to the Ottoman Empire, Turkey had always
stood, he said at the time, “in permanent contrast to Europe.”
But the 79-year-old pope’s concession on Tuesday, at the start of a four-day
trip here, seemed to make good on his pledge to heal the wounds between East and
West. It may also have the practical effect of tamping down anger here, which
led to thick security on Tuesday, with helicopters hovering at the airport,
commandoes guarding the pope’s plane and sharpshooters on the roofs of
buildings.
It is unclear what effect the pope’s reversal will have on the fraught
debate in Western Europe over Turkey’s membership, especially among
conservatives who shared the views he expressed as a cardinal two years ago.
Much of that opposition is rooted in the increased tension between the West and
Islam, including fears of more terrorist attacks in Europe and the already
difficult integration of millions of Muslims into Europe.
Some of the problems, though, are tied to the difficulty Turkey has had
meeting specific demands of Europe to join the union — and the pope’s visit
comes at a particularly sensitive time in Turkey’s talks with European
negotiators.
Admission talks, which began this year, have hit a snag over the insistence,
by the European Union, that Turkey open its ports and harbors to vessels from
Greek Cyprus, an internationally recognized state opposed by Turkey. But
officials in Turkey say they cannot do that until an international embargo that
has been in place on the Turkish
part of the island for more than 20 years is lifted.
Since Benedict did not make any announcement himself, it appeared to some
degree a concession won by Mr. Erdogan, in a deft act of diplomacy that many
critics said the pope’s speech two months ago lacked. Mr. Erdogan’s
government is rooted in a moderate political Islam and, until Monday, he had
said he would not be able to meet the pope on this visit. As the leader of the
only Muslim country in NATO,
he left immediately after to attend a meeting of the Western military alliance
in Latvia.
Whatever the pope’s intent, his gesture did appear to achieve a political
result in Turkey, where residents interviewed Tuesday said they saw it as a
victory for Mr. Erdogan.
Hours later, the pope’s spokesman, the Rev. Federico Lombardi, released a
brief statement repeating that the Vatican has “neither the power nor the
specific political task” of gaining Turkey admission to the E.U., in a time of
apparently growing opposition to it in Europe.
But Father Lombardi said that the Vatican “views positively and encourages
the road of dialogue and of moving toward integration of Turkey in Europe on the
basis of common values and principles.”
In Ankara, residents expressed doubts about the pope’s sincerity, and it
remains to be seen whether the pope’s gesture will have a warming effect in
Turkey, or in the broader Muslim world.
“It’s not support, it’s a lie,” said Hakan Ozgunaydin, a 29-year-old
co-owner of an upscale shoe and belt shop in downtown Ankara. “I would expect
him to say, ‘those bloody Turks,’ when he leaves this country.”
Merve Celikkol, a 21-year-old physics student, was just as blunt, calling the
pope a hypocrite: “How is it possible that he changed so much?”
A number of those interviewed did say they thought the new support was a
decisive win for Mr. Erdogan, who has led the push for entry into Europe, at no
small political cost to himself.
“This can be his way of confessing his sins for the wrong he has done to
the Muslim world,” said Ismail Aytac, a 51-year-old sitting in a luxury watch
shop. “After all, he’s human, and humans make mistakes.”
The trip here marks Benedict’s fifth outside Italy since he was elected
pope last year, and his first outside the European Union and to a predominantly
Muslim country. His main aim in this trip is to visit leaders of the Orthodox
patriarchy here, as part of Benedict’s goal to mend the 1,000-year rift
between the Roman church and the 220 million Orthodox.
But Christians make up less than half a percent of Turkey’s 72 million
people, and as such it was clear this trip would be far different from those to
Christian countries, even before he quoted a Byzantine emperor as referring to
Islam as “evil and inhuman” in a speech in September in Germany. The trip to
Turkey, though a modern and secular democracy, seemed particularly fraught with
symbolism: Here Christian and Muslim warriors battled for centuries, as the
Byzantine empire founded by Rome’s first Christian emperor gave way to Muslim
Ottoman Turks who established their own empire and pushed deep into Europe.
Vincenzo Pinto/AFP — Getty Images
Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan of Turkey, right,
met with Pope Benedict XVI upon the pope’s arrival at the airport in
Ankara today.
(November 28, 2006)
Tolga Adanali/AFP — Getty Images
Pope Benedict XVI and Prime Minister Recep Tayyip
Erdogan of Turkey at their meeting today. Mr. Erdogan said after the
meeting that Benedict told him he supported Turkey’s bid to join the
European Union.
Lynsey Addario for The New York Times
A pedestrian street in Istanbul, where women in
miniskirts and head scarves mingle. Turkey’s traditional secularism is
under pressure.
After his plane touched down, the white-robed pope was met at the airport
here with a red carpet and a small honor guard, but with none of the music,
cheering crowds and waving banners of other trips. Rather, small demonstrations
protesting Benedict’s visit were held here and in Istanbul, where the pope
will travel on Wednesday.
In brief comments on the plane, Benedict, who had apologized for the at-times
violent reaction to his speech, made clear that one of his chief aims was to
stimulate a “dialogue” to bring Christians and Muslims, the West and East,
closer.
“The scope of this visit is dialogue, brotherhood, a commitment to
understanding between cultures, between religions, for reconciliation,” he
told reporters before his plane took off from Rome.
Mr. Erdogan, who unexpectedly greeted the pope at his plane, spoke too of the
need for greater understanding.
“We are going through a tough period when the culture of violence has been
expanding and our world faces disaster scenarios like the clashes of
civilizations and polarizations in various directions,” he told reporters
after his 20-minute meeting with Benedict. “Therefore, we need mutual
understanding among different beliefs and civilizations more than any time in
history.”
He said he viewed the pope’s visit as “very important” in building
“an alliance of civilizations,” even as he seemed to refer to the pope’s
speech about Islam and violence.
“I told him that Islam was a religion of peace and tolerance, and I saw
that he shared this view,” he said.
Over the weekend, the Vatican began signaling a warming to the idea of
Turkey’s membership in the European Union. Several church officials said the
Vatican had no such opposition. The Vatican has never issued a formal position
on the issue, In 2004, when then-Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger said it would be a
“grave error” to admit Turkey, both he and other church officials described
it as his personal opinion.
The stalemate over Turkey’s membership has frustrated Turkish officials,
who are working toward meetings among European Union members in December.
“Everything is just stuck,” Namik Tan, a spokesman for Turkey’s Foreign
Ministry, said Monday. “How can an elected government with all these
restrictions over the Turkish Cypriots open its ports without any restrictions?
This government has a public here.”
On Tuesday night, officials from the European Union met to set conditions for
the future of the talks. Turkish officials expect certain topics in the
negotiations to be suspended, but others to continue.
“Look, they said there would be a train crash,” Mr. Erdogan said at the
news conference. “Now they say, there is no train crash, but the train slowed
down.”
After his meeting with Mr. Erdogan, Benedict visited the grave of Kemal
Attaturk, the founder of the secular Turkish state after World War I, creating
with much struggle the fullest democracy in the Muslim world.
He met later with the nation’s chief Muslim religious figure, Ali
Bardakoglu, who was among the fiercest critics of the pope’s speech two months
ago, and Turkey’s president, Ahmed Necdet Sezer. Later in the evening, he met
with members of the world’s diplomatic corps here in Turkey’s capital. At
every stop, he stressed the need for greater joint efforts to end terror, war
and misunderstanding.
“I appreciate the efforts of numerous countries currently engaged in
rebuilding peace in Lebanon, Turkey, among them,” he told the ambassadors.
“In your presence, ambassadors, I appeal once more to the vigilance of the
international community, that it not abandon its responsibilities, but make
every effort to promote peace and dialogue.”
Analysis:
Many Turks don't trust Pope
Pope
Benedict XVI's visit to Turkey this week is unlikely to be a smooth affair as
many Turks view the pontiff as the personification of European hostility toward
their country, Time magazine reports in this analysis. Harsh words for Islam by
the Pope in a speech earlier this year and difficulties over negotiations to
join the European Union have soured many Turks on Europe and made them
suspicious of the West, Time writes.
www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1563020,00.html
BURAK KARA / GETTY IMAGES
Turkish protesters gather during a protest rally against the forthcoming visit
of Pope Benedict XVI November 26 in Istanbul, Turkey.
World
Why Turks Are Not Pleased to See the Pope
For many in Turkey, the visiting pontiff personifies the mounting hostility
they feel from Europe
By PELIN
TURGUT/ISTANBUL
Posted Monday, Nov. 27, 2006
It took a 12 hour bus ride for Hafize Kucuk and Sevgi Ozen, 21-year-old
university students, to get from the northern Turkish city of Samsun to an
Istanbul rally Sunday protesting Pope Benedict XVI's visit to Turkey this week.
But they thought little of the inconvenience. "This is a man who insulted
our Prophet [Muhammad] and didn't even apologize properly," said Kucuk.
"Now he's coming to our country, a Muslim country. This is unacceptable. We
came to make our voices heard."
The rally, attended by some 15,000 Islamist protestors, was a colorful affair.
Huge, lurid posters linking Benedict to Crusader knights. Hundreds of young men,
wearing white headbands inscribed with the message "We don't want this sly
Pope in Turkey", chanted angry slogans.
Militant protestors are a minority, but many Turks are deeply skeptical about
a visit they view as part of a Western design against Turkey, which is mostly
Muslim but officially secular.
The Pope could not have arrived at a more sensitive time: Turkey and the
European Union appear on a collision course over whether the bloc will admit
Turkey and its 70 million citizens. Support in Turkey for the EU has plummeted
— a poll last week showed 60 percent in favor of suspending membership talks.
And for many Turks, Benedict, who once warned that letting Turkey into the EU
would be "a grave error against the tide of history," personifies
European hostility towards them.
"At this point most Turks are deeply suspicious of the West," says
Cengiz Aktar, political science professor at Galatasaray University. "They
see this visit as yet another development to be suspicious of."
The protests have made strange bedfellows of the far left and the nationalist
right. Their chief grievance concerns the Pope's scheduled talks with Patriarch
Bartholomew I, the Istanbul-based spiritual head of the world's Orthodox
Christians. The talks, many Turks believe, are aimed not just at healing the
centuries-old schism between the two churches, but at paving the way for
creating in Turkey a Vatican-like entity for the Orthodox.
Every detail on the Pope's four-day itinerary is fraught with complications,
including a planned visit to Hagia Sophia, a sixth century Byzantine church
which was converted to a mosque in 1453 when the Ottomans conquered Istanbul. It
was transformed into a museum in 1935.
Nationalists believe the Pope's visit to Hagia Sophia, a major tourist
attraction, is a sign of Christian desire to reclaim it as a church. Newspapers
have speculated feverishly over whether he will pray while inside.
"Its not that we have anything personal against the Pope," says
Zafer Emanetoglu, head of the youth branch of the Islamist party which organized
Sunday's rally. "But we know that he is here as part of a greater plan
against Turkey, and to unite Christians against Muslims."
The Pope's visit has also put the moderate, Islamist-rooted government in a
tight spot. With elections slated for next year, Turkish newspapers have
speculated that being photographed with the Pope could alienate constituents of
the ruling party — Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan has used his attendance
at a NATO summit in Latvia to excuse himself from meeting with the pontiff.
To prevent any protests turning violent, a tight security plan — similar to
that used for U.S. President George W. Bush on a recent visit — will be in
place. Thousands of policemen, including snipers on rooftops, are on duty in
Istanbul, and the papal entourage will feature hi-tech scrambling devices and
decoy cars.
"Every security precaution has been taken," said a Turkish foreign
ministry official. "Turks are a tolerant people, I don't imagine there will
be any problems." Still, Ankara will be holding its breath until Friday,
when the Pope flies home.
The
Pope, Europe and Islam
... And Where He's Still in the Dark
Benedict's definition of what it means to be European ignores the positive
contributions of Islam
By TARIQ
RAMADAN
Posted Sunday, Nov. 19, 2006 www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1561146,00.html
Since delivering the speech in which he quoted a 14th century Emperor who said
the Prophet of Islam had given nothing positive to humanity and had commanded
followers to use violence to spread their faith, Pope Benedict XVI has been
subjected to bitter Muslim reaction around the world. Benedict has responded by
saying he regretted the consequences of his misunderstood words, but he did not
retract his statement--perhaps rightly so. After all, he had simply cited an
ancient Emperor. It is Benedict's right to exercise his critical opinion without
being expected to apologize for it--whether he's an ordinary Roman Catholic or
the Pope.
But that doesn't mean he was right. Muslim attention has focused mainly on
the lecture's association between violence and Islam, but the most important and
disputable aspect of it was Benedict's reflection on what it means to be
European. In his speech at Regensburg, the Pope attempted to set out a European
identity that is Christian by faith and Greek by philosophical reason. But
Benedict's speech implicitly suggested that he believes that Islam has no such
relationship with reason--and thus is excluded from being European. Several
years ago, the Pope, then Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, set forth his opposition to
the integration of Turkey into Europe in similar terms. Muslim Turkey has never
been, and never will be, able to claim an authentically European culture, he
contended. It is another thing; it is the Other.
As I have written before, this profoundly European Pope is inviting the
people of his continent to become aware of the central, inescapable character of
Christianity within their identity, or risk losing it. That may be a legitimate
goal, but Benedict's narrow definition of European identity is deeply troubling
and potentially dangerous. This is what Muslims must respond to: the tendency of
Westerners to ignore the critical role that Muslims played in the development of
Western thought. Those who "forget" the decisive contributions of
rationalist Muslim thinkers like al-Farabi (10th century), Avicenna (11th
century), Averroes (12th century), al-Ghazali (12th century), Ash-Shatibi (13th
century) and Ibn Khaldun (14th century) are reconstructing a Europe that is not
only an illusion but also self-deceptive about its past.
What the West needs most today is not so much a dialogue with other
civilizations but an honest dialogue with itself--one that acknowledges those
traditions within Western civilization that are almost never recognized. Europe,
in particular, must learn to reconcile itself with the diversity of its past in
order to master the coming pluralism of its future.
The Pope's visit to Turkey presents an opportunity to put forward the true
terms of the debate over the relationship between Islam and the West. First, it
is necessary to stop presenting this visit as if it were a trip to a country
whose religion and culture are alien to Europe. Selective about its past, Europe
is becoming blind to its present. The European continent has been home to a
sizable population of Muslims for centuries. While visiting Turkey, the Pope
must acknowledge that he is encountering not a potential threat but a mirror.
Islam is already a European religion.
Rather than focus on differences, the true dialogue between the Pope and
Islam, and between secularized societies and Islamic ones, should emphasize our
common, universal values: mutual respect of human rights, basic freedoms, rule
of law and democracy. Though most of the media attention is directed at a
marginal minority of radicals, millions of European Muslims are quietly proving
every day that they can live perfectly well in secular societies and share a
strong ethical pedestal with Jews, Christians and atheist humanists.
Let us hope that the Pope will be able to transform his former perception of
the threat of "the Other," of Islam, into a more open approach--by
strongly highlighting the ethical teachings the religions have in common and the
ways they can contribute together to the future of a pluralistic Europe.
Benedict XVI should be free to express his opinions without risk of impassioned
denunciation. But the least one can expect from the Pope--especially in this
difficult era of fear and suspicion--is that he help bridge the divide and
create new spaces of confidence and trust.
• Tariq Ramadan, a research fellow at Oxford, is the author of several
books on Islam, including To Be a European Muslim
Pope Flies to Istanbul, Landing in a Political Cloud
Published: November 28, 2006
ROME, Nov. 27 — Pope
Benedict XVI originally wanted to visit Turkey a year ago, for one quiet
night, and Islam had nothing to do with it.
Skip to next paragraph
Vincenzo Pinto/AFP — Getty Images
Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan of Turkey, right,
met with Pope Benedict XVI upon the pope’s arrival at the airport in
Ankara today.
Tolga Adanali/AFP — Getty Images
Pope Benedict XVI and Prime Minister Recep Tayyip
Erdogan of Turkey at their meeting today. Mr. Erdogan said after the
meeting that Benedict told him he supported Turkey’s bid to join the
European Union.
It was meant as a trip to help heal the 1,000-year rift with the world’s
220 million Orthodox Christians. The pope would celebrate the Feast of St.
Andrew on Nov. 30 with Patriarch Bartholomew, the spiritual head of the
worldwide Orthodox Church, who lives in Istanbul, then return to Rome.
But for various reasons having to do with its complex relationship with
Orthodox Christianity, the Turkish government protested. No doubt the nation’s
leaders wish they had approved a visit then. Now, after the pope’s speech two
months ago that many interpreted as suggesting that Islam was prone to violence,
the trip that starts Tuesday has become far more complicated.
Turkey, facing continuing protests and lingering anger over the pope’s
words, has to ensure his safety during the four-day visit and maintain the image
of a secular and moderate Muslim nation that wants to join the European
Union.
And Benedict now has two jobs. The trip is still aimed primarily at reaching
out to the Orthodox. But after his apologies for the reaction to the speech
mentioning Islam, expectations are high for him also to reach out to Muslims —
if with measured words unlikely to express the full range of his complex
concerns about Islam and the possibilities of meaningful dialogue with
Christians.
“He is aware that he offended Muslims by his remarks in Regensburg,” said
the Rev. Keith F. Pecklers, a Jesuit priest and professor at the Pontifical
Gregorian University here, referring to the city in Germany where the pope
delivered the speech in September. “So I am sure he will be very careful to
bring a message of hope and reconciliation.”
Sergio Romano, a former Italian ambassador to NATO,
put it succinctly in a column on Monday in the influential daily newspaper
Corriere della Sera: “The theological pope is turning into a diplomatic pope.”
It is impossible to know exactly what Benedict plans to say about Islam: His
speeches, most often written by Benedict himself, are closely guarded until just
before they are delivered.
But there are at least two relevant events on his schedule. On Tuesday, he
will meet with Turkey’s chief Muslim religious figure, Ali Bardakoglu, who had
been one of the most outspoken critics of the pope’s speech. On Thursday, in
an event announced over the weekend, he will visit the splendid Blue Mosque,
built deliberately facing the Hagia Sophia, the magnificent sixth-century church
that symbolized Byzantine Christianity, to show that Islam could compete with
the best that Christianity could offer.
In this visit, Benedict will become the second pope known to have visited a
mosque, after his predecessor, Pope
John Paul II. But John Paul had a far different approach to Islam: He tended
to emphasize the similarities of Christianity, Judaism and Islam, and was fond
of public displays of unity, like interreligious prayer services.
Benedict is considered to be skeptical of stagecraft, with deep concerns
about whether true dialogue is possible with a faith as decentralized as Islam.
He has also worried, on several occasions, about violence committed in the name
of religion, suggesting Islam.
Benedict has, however, expressed admiration for the role of faith in the
Muslim world; conversely, he has been strongly critical of a West so secular
that it sometimes shuts God out of public life completely. Several church
experts suggested that this may be one area of common ground between the pope
and his hosts.
“He stresses very much that Western civilization and the international
community are based too much on a materialistic mentality,” said the Rev.
Bernardo Cervellera, head of Asia News, a Catholic news service that covers the
East. “And this is why there must be a kind of reconciliation and cooperation
between religions in order to correct this prominence of materialism in society.”
In mapping relations with Islam, Benedict has insisted on “reciprocity,”
that Christian minorities in Muslim countries should enjoy the same freedom of
religion as Muslims do, say, in Europe. But on this trip, any mention too
specific about religious freedom holds the danger of offending Turkey.
Turkey’s Orthodox Christians, although only a few thousand in number,
complain of laws and bureaucratic obstacles that make life difficult for their
clergy and institutions, and many Orthodox would like Benedict to offer at least
indirect support for changes that, they say, would allow the church to operate
more freely.
Part of the problem between the state and the Christian community, Turkish
experts say, is a fear among many Turks that Bartholomew seeks to establish a Vatican-like
Christian mini-state in the heart of Istanbul, an assertion he denies.
Sensitivities are high enough that part of the reason Turkey denied the trip
last year was that the invitation came from Bartholomew, a religious leader.
Only a head of state, officials argued, can invite another head of state, like
the pope, on a visit.
Some experts say Benedict can go far in pleasing Turks merely by being
friendly, and he seems to want to do that. On Sunday, he sent his “cordial
greetings to the dear Turkish people.”
Another way Benedict can win people over, said Dogu Ergil, a political
science professor at Ankara University, would be for him to show some sign that
he had changed his mind on an issue that has not endeared him to Turks: Before
Benedict was elected pope, he expressed his opposition to Turkey’s membership
to the European Union, calling Turkey “in permanent contrast to Europe.” On
Sunday, however, the top papal spokesman, Federico Lombardi, said the Vatican
had no objections.
“Turks have short memories,” Professor Ergil said, hoping the pope will
change his stance. “They can easily forget.”
Europe should not turn its back on Turkey, Vatican envoy
says
Source : EU Observer, 27-11-2006
www.turquieeuropeenne.org/article1623.html
As thousands of Muslims protest against
this week’s visit by Pope Benedict XVI to Turkey following his comments on
Islam and Ankara’s EU bid, the Vatican’s chief spokesman in Istanbul tells
EUobserver the Muslim country belongs in Europe and opposition towards it is
based on fear of the unknown.
Over 25,000 people gathered in Istanbul on Sunday (26 November)
in a demonstration against the visit by the leader of the Catholic Church leader
starting in Ankara on Tuesday, shouting "Don’t come, Pope!" - a
statement also written on posters displayed throughout the city.
The country’s Muslims were angered by a speech by the Pope in
September in which he suggested a link between violence and Islam. His apology
afterwards and Sunday’s message of "esteem and sincere friendship"
to the "beloved Turkish people" did little to quell the anger.
But Mons Georges Marovitch, the
spokesman for the Vatican as well as for the tiny Catholic community in Turkey,
estimated to number around 33,000 or 0.5 percent of the population, hopes that
the Pope’s visit will serve to heal the rifts.
"His previous statements were misunderstood and I’m sure
that he will now find words of conciliation for those that have been hurt so
that the dialogue between the two biggest religions is resumed as the world’s
peace depends on it," said Mons Marovitch.
On Ankara’s EU membership - openly contended by cardinal
Ratzinger before he became pope - Mons Marovitch said: "At the moment, any
of us can and must admit that Turkey is not prepared to join the EU but to say a
definite no would be a big mistake from Europe."
He added that the inter-cultural and inter-religious experience
dating back to the Ottoman empire, as well as the core moral values of Islam
being so close to Christianity mean that the country would be "a huge
enrichment for Europe."
"In Istanbul, in the time when in Europe
you couldn’t imagine that a mosque or synagogue would be constructed, the
Turks built a mosque, a church and a synagogue almost next to each other where
people of all these religions could pray."
Mons Marovitch acknowledges that over time the freedoms of
religious minorities have deteriorated, an issue also highlighted by the
European Commission in a recent report on Turkey’s progress towards membership
of the EU.
But he says the EU membership process has triggered a series of
positive changes that could significantly change the life of those minorities.
"We can recognize the fear of Turkey in
Europe. But this fear is there because Europeans don’t know Turkey well,"
Mons Marovitch points out, stressing that both concerns over an influx of
economic immigrants and fear of Islam as a different religion can be challenged.
"If Europe helped Turkey’s economy a bit
to get on the same level as other European countries, I’m sure that no Turk
would want to leave his country and go to Europe as Turkey is three times as big
as Italy and twice as big as France and has many riches to give to its people."
"On the other hand, Islam as the different
religion could also be enriching as many Europeans have lost some of their moral
values and supported laws which are against the basic ideas of both of these
monotheistic religions and which Turks as Muslims would never approve."
Mons Marovitch noted that many in Turkey actually oppose EU
membership saying that instead of being "a last and looked-down-on van in
the back" the country should become a "locomotive in a train
consisting of Islamic countries."
"But if this happened, it would be a historic
loss for Europe as it would mean that we would see an emergence of two
camps that could easily end up standing in confrontation against each other."
"So it’s better if Turkey became a bridge for dialogue
and a bridge between these two diverse civilisations," he added.
EU Christian heritage
Mr Marovitch is aware that although he is referred to as the
Vatican’s representative in Istanbul, his views are not necessarily shared
either in the Vatican or elsewhere Europe.
But he argues that they are well-known and are also shared in
the Catholic community in Turkey, with other Christian denominations also
expressing similar opinions.
"Of course I am not a politician," he says but he does
not refrain from commenting on political issues such as the French law on denial
of Armenian genocide in 1915, saying those French deputies who voted in favour
"didn’t know the problem."
"That bill is a result of a political
discourse and I hope it will not pass through as it would be a big mistake.
Turks themselves acknowledge that there was a massacre of Armenians but it was
not genocide. In any case, we should let the historians deal with this not
politicians."
Unlike some in Europe, he also disagrees that a future EU
constitution needs to refer exclusively to the Christian religion and its values.
"The reference to such values is not as
crucial as the values themselves and so we should be careful about the words
that we are using but instead highlight the moral values that we have - and
these we share with the Muslim community. And so for me, it would be better not
to use such words," he said.
Awaiting Pope, Turkey Is Unsure About Ties to West
Fatih Saribas/Reuters
Turks protested the pope's visit on Monday in Istanbul.
Published: November 28, 2006
ANKARA, Turkey,
Nov. 27 — A short 24 hours before a visit by Pope
Benedict XVI to this Muslim country, its prime minister finally agreed to
meet him publicly. The venue: the airport, on the Turkish leader’s way out
of town.
The elaborate, last-minute choreography pointed to the deep divide that has
festered within Turkish society since the foundation of the modern state.
Should Turkey face eastward, toward its Muslim neighbors, or westward, toward
Europe?
In the past five years, Muslims here have repeatedly felt betrayed by the
West. The United States began holding Muslims without charges at Guantánamo
Bay, Cuba. It invaded Iraq and abused prisoners at Abu Ghraib. The European
Union has cooled to them. The pope made a speech citing criticism of Islam.
Now, Turkey — a Muslim country with a rigidly secular state — is at a
pivot point. It is trying to navigate a treacherous path between the forces
that want to pull it closer toward Islam and the institutions that safeguard
its secularism. Turkey’s government, which is pro-Islamic, is constrained by
rules dictating secularism established by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, Turkey’s
revered founder.
The extremes jostle on Istanbul’s streets, where miniskirts mix with
tightly tied headscarves and lingerie boutiques stand unapologetically next to
mosques.
“There are two Turkeys within Turkey right now,” said Binnaz Toprak, a
professor of political science at Bosporus University.
The pope’s visit, which begins Tuesday, falls squarely on that sensitive
fault line and has brought into stark relief a slow but steady shift: Turkey
is feeling its Muslim identity more and more. The trend worries secular
Turkish politicians, who believe the state’s central tenet is under threat.
In late October, a senior officer of Turkey’s army — which has ousted
governments it has seen as overly Islamic — issued a rare warning to that
effect.
Others say the threat is overstated, but acknowledge that Turks do feel
pushed east by pressures on their country from America and Europe. A poll by
the Pew Foundation in June found that 53 percent of Turks have positive views
of Iran, while public opinion of Europe and the United States has slipped
sharply.
“Many people in Turkey have lost hopes in joining Europe and they are
looking for other horizons,” said Onur Oymen, an opposition politician whose
party is staunchly secular.
It has been more than 80 years since religion was ripped out of the heart
of the new Turkish state, which was assembled from the remains of the Ottoman
Empire, the political and economic heart of the Muslim world for centuries.
But the portion of Turks who identify themselves by their religion, first and
foremost as Muslims, has increased to 46 percent this year, from 36 percent
seven years ago, according to a survey of 1,500 people in 23 cities conducted
by the Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation, an independent research
organization based in Istanbul. That is a trend that has emerged in countries
throughout the Muslim world since Sept. 11, 2001.
“I’m here as a Muslim,” said Fatma Eksioglu, who was sitting on the
grass next to her sister in downtown Istanbul on Sunday at a demonstration of
about 20,000 people opposing the pope’s visit. She did not belong to the
Islamic party that organized the gathering, she said, adding, “When it comes
to Islam we are one.”
But in a paradox that goes to the heart of the nuances of modern Turkey
—— a stronger Muslim identity does not mean that, as in Iraq,
fundamentalism is on the rise. or even that more Turks want more religion in
their government. Indeed, the number of Turks in favor of imposing Sharia law
declined to 9 percent from 21 percent, according to the survey, which was
released last week.
Perhaps the most powerful factor pushing Turks toward the east has been a
series of bitter setbacks in talks on admission to the European Union. To try
to win membership, the Turkish government enacted a series of rigorous reforms
to bring the country in line with European standards, including some
unprecedented in the Muslim world, such as a law against marital rape.
But the admission talks have stalled. And while the official reason is a
quibble involving the longstanding Greek-Turkish dispute over Cyprus, most
Turks say they believe the real reason is a deep suspicion of their
country’s religion.
They see that in the opposition to Turkey’s admission voiced by some
European countries, including Germany, Austria and France. Indeed, in 2002, ,
former President Valéry Giscard d’Estaing of France said Turkey’s admission
to the European Union would mean ”the end of Europe,” and now the French
presidential hopeful Nicholas Sarkozy has made his opposition a campaign issue.
Even the pope, when he was still a cardinal in Germany, said publicly that he
did not think Turkey fit into Europe because it was Muslim. That talk has begun
to grate on Turks.
“It hurts me that the E.U. expects Turkey to be something it’s not,”
said Nilgun Yun, a stylish 26-year-old chewing a chocolate muffin in a downtown
Istanbul cafe on Sunday.
Her position, shared by many of her friends, was simple: “Accept me as I am.
We are Muslim, and we will remain Muslim. That’s not going to change.”
Mr. Oyman, the Turkish opposition politician, said that talk about Turkey was
tougher than ever. “You cannot believe how they accuse Turkey on Cyprus and
other issues,” he said in a telephone interview from Brussels, where he was
attending a meeting of European parliamentarians. “Our European friends are
playing a very shortsighted game.”
The shift has begun affect trade. While Europe is still Turkey’s largest
trading partner, business with other neighbors, including Syria, Iraq and Iran,
has picked up substantially in recent years, said Omer Bolat, the head of one of
the country’s largest business associations, whose members are mostly pro-Islamic.
He put the growth at about 30 percent from just 3 percent in 2000.
“It is risky for a country with respect to foreign policy to have
dependence on one partner and market,” he said in English, sitting in a sleek
conference room when overlooking a bustling trade fair showcasing Turkish goods.
“Now Turkey is opening its muscles, its horizons.”
The policies of the Bush administration have deeply worried Muslims, he said,
before rushing off to speak to the Pakistani ambassador, who had arrived to the
trade fair.
“The United States used to be paradigm of freedom and rights,” he said.
“But since the Republican period, the U.S. policies have been so detrimental
in Muslim eyes.”
Prime Minister Tayyip
Erdogan of Turkey, in just four years, has managed to get inflation down to
historic lows and growth rates to all-time highs. The growing prosperity has
eased integration of religious Turks into the country’s self-consciously
society, which is still suspicious of advocates of Islam, as well as of Mr.
Erdogan and his pro-Islamic government.
“This group of people that was more religious has relaxed,” Ms. Toprak
said. “They are now visible. They go to restaurants they would never have gone;
they go to posh shopping malls.”
“It was a struggle to get a piece of the pie,” she said. “Now they have
one.”
Even so, the increased religiosity, or at least identification with religion,
could eventually present a serious problem for Turkey. There are already
rumblings. A killing of a judge whose court had ruled on a headscarf case
aroused suspicions among Turkey’s securlarists. Gen. Yasar Buyukanit, head of
the Turkish Army, has referred to a rising threat of fundamentalism on at least
four occasions since he came to office in late August.
Mr. Erdogan’s closely watched government has attempted to limit liquor
consumption in public places, but later backed down. It also tried to make
adultery a crime, but later relented.
Some Turkish officials play down the possibility of real damage to secularism,
but say that European suspicion does Turkey no good.
The delay with Europe, for instance, “fans up the disappointment, the
disillusionment,” said Namik Tan, the spokesman for the Turkish Foreign
Ministry. “People say, why are they doing this?”
That is why public officials, including Mr. Erdogan, have shrunk from the
visit of the pope, who symbolizes, in the eyes of Turks, a disdain for Islam and
the unfair exclusivity of the Western club. A cartoon in a Turkish newspaper
last weekend showed two public officials belly-laughing at the bad luck of those
Turkish officials obliged to meet him. (The senior official appointed to be his
formal guide has the portfolio of youth and sport.) But the pope is coming, and
the meetings are happening. Despite growing pains, a neglected Kurdish minority
in the south, a thin skin for any reference to the Armenian genocide, and
failure to scrap a law that makes insulting Turkishness a crime, Turkey stands
out as lively democracy in a larger Middle East riddled with restrictions, and
its acceptance by the West is a test case for everyone, officials said.
Muslim countries, Mr. Tan points out, are watching. “Turkey is a beacon for
those countries,” he said. “Don’t forget, if we fail, then the whole dream
will fail.”
28 November 2006
Ecumenical route in the tracks of crusades
As the trip of the Pope of Rome to Turkey, planned almost a year
ago, is approaching, there is a growing tension in certain religious and public
circles dripping down gradually to the faithful. The succession of events on the
eve of the trip has heated the universal expectations to the highest possible
degree. With the collective Islamic emotional explosion caused by Benedict
XVI’s speech at Regensburg University still resounding, thousands of angry
Istanbul people carrying anti-papal slogans, the promises of Turkish
nationalists to strangle the pope ‘with their own hands’ together with the
Holy See’s chief ‘ecumenical’ adviser Cardinal Walter Kasper, and finally
the recent rumors that the papal delegation are to be protected by the Mossad
bodyguards – all this seems to lay out a plot for a fashionable religious-political
suspense story. Some appropriate bestsellers about an inevitable attempt on the
pope’s life in Istanbul with the necessary involvement of local special
services and masons have already been offered to the public by apt publishers in
Ankara.
The relevance of such an interreligious detective story may seem more than
obvious at a time when it is believed to be a good form and a good knowledge of
the subject to consider all the developments in this area through the prism of
dialogue of civilizations and general pacifist goals of world religions. The
principled coldness of the Turkish authorities and the indignation of the masses
deliberately heated up by the Islamic Grey Wolves as reaction to the papal visit
are essentially signs showing that in reality the Islamic-Christian relations
will never be serenely simple and capable of being reduced to joint diplomatic
declarations. Their conflict-prone nature however lies elsewhere. The charges of
insults to Islam and the Prophet Muhammad brought against the pope, which are
called to stir up mass protests, actually conceal the real anxiety that the
Turkish elite feel towards the pontiff’s visit to Istanbul. Moreover, the
reason for this anxiety is the same as that which compels Orthodox Churches,
considering all the troubles of the Orthodox-Catholic dialogue, to follow
closely the upcoming meeting between Benedict XVI and the Patriarch of
Constantinople.
Indeed, the resolute statements of Turkey’s president for religious affairs
Ali Bardakoglu about his intention to remind the pope that it is inadmissible to
insult the prophet have made almost unnoticed the recent statements made by the
president of the Pontific Council for Interreligious Dialogue, Cardinal Poupard.
He says it is not at all consolidation of relations between religions that has
been put in the center of the visit by the head of the Catholic Church to the
Islamic state but rather ecumenical dialogue and reflection on the ways of
developing Christian unity. Benedict XVI is coming to what was Constantinople
first of all as head of the Roman See whose ecumenical ecclesial authority has
determined the policy of the popes for centuries. The forthcoming meeting of the
successor at St. Peter’s throne with the Patriarch of Constantinople to take
place on St. Andrew’s Day is utterly symbolic. Moreover, this symbolism, which
is often to be followed in church policy by practical action, appears to be a
solid irritant for the Turkish authorities who are reluctant to hear even a hint
of Bartholomew’s claim to the status of ‘Ecumenical’ Patriarch of the
Orthodox world.
The Islamic vector of the pontificate of John Paul II’s conservative successor
has not been specified yet. Indeed, to regard a quotation from a medieval
manuscript given by a former theological professor with proper reservations as
the Vatican’s declaration of ‘cold war’ on Islam is at least a hasty
proposal. At the same time, it is anybody’s guess whether the pontificate of
Benedict XVI, who ignored the demands to apologize ‘for Regensburg’, will be
marked with as significant and almost revolutionary statements as Nostra
Aetate made by Rome II with regard to non-Christian religions at Vatican II.
Meanwhile, the ecumenical vector of Benedict XVI’s policy seems to have grown
ever more consistent after the first statement he made immediately after his
election to the See of Rome, pledging to commit himself to the visible unity of
Christian Churches. The Eastern Christian component of ecumenism appears to be a
priority for the pope, who admitted a month ago a desire to bring nearer the
moment of communion with the Orthodox Greeks. However, the historically
establish multi-polar nature of the Orthodox world will demand that the Holy See
elaborate as multi-component and multifaceted policy of relations with National
Orthodox Churches. The meeting of the Orthodox-Catholic Theological Commission
in September in Belgrade has reaffirmed that it is inadmissible to use uniform
methods in the dialogue between the Roman Catholic West and the polycentric
Orthodox East and that it is necessary to use individual reciprocal ways in
every particular case. The Istanbul meeting between Benedict XVI and one of the
Orthodox patriarchs, even if more ready than others to make a compromise on the
issue of the papal primacy, will still remain a meeting between the leader of
the Catholic world and the head of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. And the
opinion of the religious leader of a comparatively small Greek flock to be
expressed in a future joint declaration made together with the Pope of Rome will
never become, however strong the wish, a testimony to an ‘ecumenical
breakthrough’ in the awareness of the millions-strong Orthodox world.
Elena ZHOSUL, www.interfax-religion.com
Religious Affairs of Turkey: "I do not think Pope's
visit will solve all problems"
27 November 2006 [14:06] - Today.Az
Head of the Directorate of Religious Affairs of Turkey:
"I do not think Pope's visit will solve all problems"
"I appreciate Pope's visit to Turkey. This is positive step in
developing and improving discussions and dialogues between the two different
nations," Head of the Directorate of Religious Affairs Ali Bardakoglu.
"I wish these steps to be continuous when the world needs peace not war.
The Pope's speech in Germany wasn't a critique. It turned against fundamentally
sacred elements of Islam in a condemning manner. In this sense, it was flawed.
It shouldn' have been that way, as the pope himself later came to understand.
Whenever we hear such accuses we show our reaction and say that they are wrong.
But at the same time, whenever the person we criticize visits us we will be
hospitable. Because, Turkish are hospitable nation. Highly estimating this visit,
I do not think that it will solve all problems."
Ali Bardakoglu considers normal that Turkey expressed the strictest reaction
both to caricature crisis and Pope's speech.
"We're always open to criticism. The aim of Turkey is to be hospitable,
in spite of not accepting the guests' thoughts, to treat him politely," he
said.
He also highly estimated Pope Iohann Pavel's peaceful messages during his
visit to Azerbaijan, APA reports.
"If only we could realize what we say. Koran says Why do you say what
you can not realize. I give my regards to my friends in Azerbaijan," he
said.
www.today.az/news/society/33155.html
Pope's Visit Overshadowed by
Confrontation With Islam
Pope
Benedict XVI's visit to Turkey to heal a rift with the eastern Orthodox Church,
has been overshadowed by Muslim anger over remarks about Islam. Muslim Turks
seek dialogue, but will be monitoring his every word.
The
highlight of Benedict's trip to Turkey is to share in a joint liturgical mass
with ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew, the spiritual head of the eastern
Orthodox churches, which split from Rome in 1054. However, the four-day visit
has now been overshadowed by the clash between Islam and Christianity.
It
used to be rampant secularism in the West, not Christianity that was the
scourge of radical Muslims, until Pope Benedict XVI quoted a 14th century
Byzantine emperor, who'd characterized Islam as "evil and inhuman."
The
German pope has since expressed deep regret at the pain his remarks had caused
in September on an official visit to Bavaria, where he gave a speech at the
University of Regensburg.
How
that one particular quote got past the Vatican censors has been subject to
much press speculation, but experts say that Benedict actually wanted to seek
common ground with Muslims, while making a salient point or two about the use
of violence in the name of religion.
Pope's
parallels with Islam
Ironically,
an important message of the speech on one of the pope's favorite topics, the
link between faith and reason, had criticized the "modern, Western world
that excludes God from its life," a view that is also shared by devout
Muslims.
"The
pope was lecturing as a university professor, where he once taught, not as a
political figure," said Eberhard von Gemmingen, a Jesuit priest who is
head of the German section of Radio
Vatican. "I assume that is why he spoke so freely, and did not
anticipate the public reaction to his speech. This is a pope who wants to have
challenging, provocative discussions.
"He
also wanted to get across the point that Christians, who are a tiny minority
in a predominantly Muslim country such as Turkey, do not enjoy the same
religious freedoms that Muslims do in the West," von Gemmingen added.
"Turkey is a secular country, in theory. But in practice, religious
minorities are totally discriminated against, and if Turkey hopes to join the
EU, it must recognize certain basic human rights for all, regardless of faith."
Pope
under increased scrutiny
Archbishop
Michael Fitzgerald, an Islamic expert who is the Vatican's nuncio to Cairo,
meanwhile said that the papal visit would be closely scrutinized.
"The
main purpose of the trip is to meet the patriarch, but the goal of the
Catholic Church has been always to reach out to Muslims too," said
Fitzgerald, who was formerly head of the Vatican's office for inter-religious
dialogue. "What makes the visit different this time is that everyone will
scrutinize what the pope says more closely, so that the outcome of his visit
will take on an added significance. Many Muslims have accepted the Pope's
apology, others have very politely said he was mistaken, but would like to
continue a dialogue."
No
successor to Vatican's inter-faith dialogue office
The Web site Catholic Online cited sources saying that transferring Archbishop
Fitzgerald from the Vatican to Egypt last February could signal a tougher
stance in the relations with Islam, and a greater insistence on evangelism.
The
fact that the pope did not nominate an immediate successor to the post could
signal a change in the actual status of the Pontifical Council for Inter-religious
Dialogue. This concerns Turkish Muslims, such as Cemal Usak, who heads a
foundation in Istanbul on inter-faith dialogue.
"I
have read the speech in translation, and was not pleased with it," Usak
said. "As pope, he should not speak in that way. He said he was sorry,
but the apology was not sufficient. Ninety-nine percent of Muslims are
moderate. Our prophet never justified the use of violence against humanity."
Usak
added that Benedict also failed to live up to his predecessor, John Paul II,
in this respect. The latter had built bridges to the Islamic world with
symbolic gestures by citing the Koran and visiting mosques.
"Everything
now depends on what Benedict says publicly in speeches with the (Turkish)
president, the patriarch," Usak said. "He can compensate for the
wounded hearts of Muslims. I am optimistic."
Airport
meeting with PM
On
Tuesday, the pope will be meeting with Ali Bardakoglu, the president of
Religious Affairs and Turkey's highest Muslim authority, who has condemned the
pope's Regensburg speech.
A visit to Istanbul's Blue Mosque, which is regarded as a highly symbolic move
of reconciliation, is not on the official schedule however. While a meeting
with Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan, who is headed out to the
NATO summit in Riga on the day of the pope's arrival, was originally not
planned, Erdogan now wants to meet Benedict for 15 minutes at the airport in
Ankara.
The
Vatican is not against Turkey joining the EU either, even though Benedict, as
cardinal, was opposed to its bid to join.
"If
Turkey fulfills its obligations and meets EU criteria, why shouldn't it
become a full member?" asked Vatican spokesman Federico Lombardi. "The
issue of Turkish membership in the EU is a political one. We must note that
the Vatican is not an EU member."
Diana Fong /www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,2250388,00.html
27.11.06
Vatican: Pope Benedict's gaffes
result of high tension
An
article in the Italian weekly "Gente" asserts this week that Pope
Benedict XVI's recent gaffes concerning the Muslim world are the result of the
elderly leader's elevated blood pressure.
The article notes that Pope Benedict has undergone a small operation in
preparation for an eventual bypass operation, and that the bronchitis suffered
by the Pope since his childhood has put undue pressure on the Pope's heart. Says
the article: "No matter how much the Pope's personal doctor, Bumkhard Phaff,
may deny it, the Pope has elevated blood pressure, and is only able to stay
standing due to his medicines." The Gente article also placed part of the
blame for the controversy surrounding the Pope's words on current Vatican
spokesman Priest Franscesco Lombardini, noting "If former press spokesman
Joaquin Navarro Valls, who worked for 24 years at that position, were still on
the job, this crisis would not have grown to these dimensions."
www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/5510527.asp?gid=74 Nov.29 2006
Visit of friendship to Turkey: Pope
The English newspaper the Independent described the Pontiff’s forthcoming
visit to Turkey as a papal trip to hell.
NTV-MSNBC
Güncelleme: 16:41 TSİ 27 Kasım 2006 Pazartesi
ROME - Pope Benedict
XVI said his forthcoming visit to Turkey was a sign of the friendship he held
for the Turkish people. The Pope, who is due to arrive in Ankara Tuesday
afternoon, said that he was looking forward to his visit and the opportunity to
meet with senior Muslim, Catholic and Greek Orthodox clerics.
“As you all know I am
leaving for Turkey on Tuesday,” the Pontiff said in his weekly Angelus prayer
in Rome on Sunday. “Starting right now, I want to send a cordial greeting to
the dear Turkish people, rich in history and culture. To these people and their
representatives I express feelings of esteem and sincere friendship.”
Security will be tight throughout the Papal trip, with more than 3000 police,
along with paramilitary units, being deployed in Ankara for the Pope’s visit,
his first to a Muslim country since becoming Pontiff.
While many Turks were upset by the Pontiff’s comments in September seen as
being critical of Islam, the Turkish government has accepted the Vatican’s
explanation that the Pope was speaking out against all religious-based violence
and not singling out the Muslim faith.
On Sunday, Turkey’s Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul said the Pontiff’s visit
was important for helping to foster relations between faiths and help overcome
misunderstandings.
Pope's Visit Opportunity to Display
Tolerance
By Erdal Sen, Ankara
zaman.com
11.29.2006 Wednesday
In its Monday session, the Turkish cabinet
discussed possible repercussions of Pope Benedict XVI’s visit to Turkey.
Government spokesman Cemil Cicek commented on the pope’s visit after the
session ended.
Cicek stressed that worldwide perceptions of Turkey emanated from its
adherence to tolerance, hospitality and its institutionalized statehood.
“I hope this visit will be a good opportunity to demonstrate those
qualities to the whole world once again.”
Cicek said that reactions and protests were not intended to criticize the
pope for simply being the pope, but rather his remarks about Islam.
“Of course, there is a certain fury among a faction of the Turkish public
against the pope visiting the country. Turkish officials said at the time that
the pope’s remarks [about Islam] were demeaning. The cabinet also participated
in issuing the necessary statements to appease public reaction.”
The pope came as a guest of Turkish President Ahmet Necdet Sezer, said Cicek,
and underlined that the pope had intended his visit to be spiritual.
Asked to comment on a possible message from the Turkish premier to the pope,
Cicek said, “What matters is not what we say; but what our visitors say to us.
I hope this visit will bring with it an opportunity to bridge the gap between
Christianity and Islam.”
Protestors Ask Pope to Apologize Before his Visit
zaman.com
On Sunday, at least 20,000 demonstrators
protested the Pope’s visit to Turkey scheduled to begin Nov. 28.
The protest meeting which was organized by the religious Saadet political
party ended without any incidents.
The crowd, chanting slogans and carrying banners, took to Caglayan Square in
central Istanbul to protest the visit.
The protestors, referring to the Pope’s remarks against Islam, asked him to
“apologize” for his remarks linking violence and Islam.
The Saadet party leader gave a speech during the protest meeting and said:
“We are a hospitable nation. We are ready to welcome the Pope if he apologizes
for his remarks.”
There were some foreign journalists among the crowd. In particular, Italian
media and Arab TV channels showed a huge interest in the protest meeting.
The protest meeting ended with a teleconference speech by former Saadet Party
leader Necmettin Erbakan.
Some protestors carried banners that read, “Ignorant and sneaky pope,
don’t come.”
Some banners were written in English. “Jesus is not the son of God, he is a
Prophet of Islam,” and “We as Muslims believe Jesus came before Mohammed and
accept Jesus as our Prophet."
The Pope is scheduled to arrive in the Turkish capital Ankara on Tuesday at
the invitation of Turkish President Ahmet Necdet Sezer.
Pope Benedict has also decided to visit the Sultanahmet Mosque, better known
as the Blue Mosque.
Vatican spokesman Father Federico Lombardi confirmed this on Sunday.
While visiting his native Germany in September, Pope Benedict commented on
Islam and its concept of "jihad" or holy war, citing a 14th-century
Byzantine emperor who said the Prophet Mohammed had brought the world nothing
but "evil and inhuman" things.
Following protests and demonstrations attended by thousands of people, the
Pope later made a statement to try and calm the anger sparked in Muslim
countries.
The pontiff said that he was "deeply sorry" for his remarks that
had offended Muslims; however, he stopped short of making an unequivocal apology,
defending instead that the extract he used in his speech did not reflect his
personal opinion.
POPE IN TURKEY: INTERVIEW -
VISIT IS AN APOLOGY FOR CONTROVERSIAL ISLAM SPEECH
|
|
Ankara, 27 Nov. (AKI) - The historic visit of Pope Benedict XVI to Turkey
starting on Tuesday will be particularly significant as it will amount to an
apology for a controversial papal speech linking Islam to violence, according
to the editor in chief of Turkish Daily News. Yusuf Kanli told Adnkronos
International (AKI) that Benedict's visit to the predominantly Muslim country
"is in itself an apology." "I believe .. he will use this trip
to apologize and correct his mistake," Hanli said, referring to the
address the pontiff gave at Germany's Regensburg University which angered
Muslims worldwide.
"Therefore the visit is very important not in itself but because of the
international situation - with islamophobia in Europe and the pontiff's speech,"
he said.
"After the September speech in Germany, which was unfortuntate, the pope
made overtures and many in this country understand the concept of the
infallibility of the pontiff and they understand that an official apology from
him was impossible. However, what he did was unfortunate, unacceptable, he
must think three, four times before talking hatred. He is a man of religion, a
man of peace."
The journalist also stressed that Turkey is the only Muslim country which he
can visit without danger because "this is a democracy."
"People have their opinions but violence can be in words and not in
action," he added referring to strong security concerns. "The pope
is safer in Turkey than in the Vatican."
Highly placed Vatican sources told Adnkronos on Monday that the pope was
"concerned" about the reaction to his visit to the predominantly
Muslim nation - Islamist extremists and ultra-nationalists have promised
protests - but was "strongly convinced of the necessity and the
usefulness" of the trip.
"It's a fact that Benedict won't be the most welcome visitor to Turkey,"
Kanli told AKI "But the visit is very important and the reactions will
only be from extremists."
The Vatican sources also said Benedict XVI's worries stemmed from the way
certain hardline Muslims may seek to "exploit" the visit to advance
their own agenda. The pope feared that the "anger sparked by the protests
against him could end up politicising the trip and diminish its ecumenical
value," the sources said.
"It will be exploited," commented Kanly. "They are preparing
for it. But I don't think this will bring harm."
Islam's unlikely soul mate -- the pope
Both bemoaning the West's secularism, Benedict XIV and Mideast Muslims
have a shot at true dialogue.
By John L. Allen Jr., JOHN L. ALLEN JR. is the Vatican correspondent for the
National Catholic Reporter and author of "The Rise of Benedict XVI."
November 26, 20006
www.latimes.com
Can jihad be redeemed? That is, can the religious and moral sense of
purpose that often fuels Islamic extremism be leavened with a commitment to
reason and peace, and can it be done without opening the door to gradual
secularization? It's the
$64,000 question facing Islam, and it is, for the most part, one that only
Muslims can answer.
One could make the case, however, that if anyone in the West can help, it's
Pope Benedict XVI, despite the firestorm unleashed by his Sept. 12 comments
on Islam. Benedict is the lone figure of global standing in the West who
speaks from within the same thought-world that many Muslims sympathetic to
the jihadists inhabit.
Benedict XVI will visit Turkey this week, his first trip to a majority
Muslim state. And given the furor following his quotation of a 14th century
Byzantine emperor that Muhammad brought "things only evil and inhuman,"
the pope will certainly have the Islamic world's attention. Much may ride on
what he does with it.
A detour into the recent history of Islamic thought illustrates the
potential for common ground.
Egyptian poet and essayist Sayyid Qutb, hanged by Gamal Abdel Nasser in
1966, is the father of modern Islamic radicalism. He spent 1948-50 in the
United States attending Wilson Teachers College, the Colorado State College
of Education (today the University of Northern Colorado) and Stanford
University as part of an exchange program. Based on that experience, Qutb
penned his famous tract, "The America I Have Seen," which still
exercises a profound effect in shaping Muslim perceptions of American
culture.
The work amounted to a ferocious attack on what Qutb called "the
American man," depicted as obsessed with technology but virtually a
barbarian in the realm of spirituality and human values. American society,
for Qutb, was "rotten and ill" to its very core.
He wrote: "This great America: What is it worth in the scale of human
values? And what does it add to the moral account of humanity? And, by the
journey's end, what will its contribution be? I fear that a balance may not
exist between America's material greatness and the quality of its people.
And I fear that the wheel of life will have turned and the book of life will
have closed and America will have added nothing, or next to nothing, to the
account of morals that distinguishes man from object, and indeed, mankind
from animals."
A particular zone of disgust for Qutb was what he saw as the sexual
licentiousness of American culture (and this, bear in mind, was the early
1950s). He wrote that a society in which "immoral teachings and
poisonous intentions are rampant" and in which sex is considered "outside
the sphere of morality" is one in which "the humanity of man can
hardly find a place to develop." Qutb said that "providing full
opportunities for the development and perfection of human characteristics
requires strong safeguards for the peace and stability of the family."
In general, Qutb's writing simmers with an outrage and extremism that no one
would associate with the Old World, cerebral style of Joseph Ratzinger, now
Benedict XVI. Yet for anyone familiar with Ratzinger's cultural criticism
over the years, there is nevertheless something strikingly familiar in
Qutb's polemic — not so much with regard to America as with the West in
general. What both figures share is a conviction that the West's cult of
technology has produced a deep spiritual and moral crisis.
In his 1990 book, "In the Beginning," on the doctrine of creation,
Ratzinger wrote of Western society: "The good and the moral no longer
count, it seems, but only what one can do. The measure of a human being is
what he can do, and not what he is, not what is good or bad. What he can do,
he may do…. And that means that he is destroying himself and the world….
[The question] 'What can we do?' will be false and pernicious while we
refrain from asking, 'Who are we?' The question of being and the question of
our hopes are inseparable."
Ratzinger has even linked this argument to the question of birth control,
saying that contraception is merely a mechanical solution to an ethical and
cultural problem. In his 1997 book, "Salt of the Earth," he said:
"One of our great perils [is] that we want to master the human
condition with technology, that we have forgotten that there are primordial
human problems that are not susceptible to technological solutions, but that
demand a certain lifestyle and certain life decisions." Benedict XVI
would thus find in Qutb a version — admittedly in a sometimes irrational
form — of his own critique of the West.
This is the most compelling reason why Benedict's repeated insistence that
he wants a "frank and sincere" dialogue with Islam is more than
lip service. Fundamentally, the clash of cultures Benedict sees in the world
today is not between Islam and the West but between belief and unbelief —
between a culture that grounds itself in God and religious belief and a
culture that lives etsi Deus non daretur, "as if God does not
exist." In that struggle, Benedict has long said, Muslims are natural
allies.
Recently, for example, the Vatican vigorously protested a gay pride march in
Jerusalem, arguing that such an event is "offensive to the great
majority of Jews, Muslims and Christians." It's a classic example of an
issue around which Benedict believes engagement with Muslims is possible.
Yet Benedict is also well aware that Islamic radicalism tends to discredit
religious commitment in any form by associating it with violence and
fanaticism. Hence, when Benedict presses Muslims to reject terrorism and to
embrace religious liberty, he believes himself to be doing so not as a
xenophobe or a crusader but as a friend of Islam, pressing it to realize the
best version of itself.
That, no doubt, will be part of the argument he tries to make in Turkey.
If they could set aside their prejudices, at least some of the spiritual
sons and daughters of Sayyid Qutb might well recognize a potential ally in
Joseph Ratzinger — and therein lies perhaps the last, best hope for Muslim-Christian
dialogue under Benedict XVI.
Thousands protest in Turkey
ahead of pope's visit
Many view trip as part of attempt to
subdue muslim world
Compiled by Daily Star staff
Monday, November 27, 2006
Chanting Islamist slogans and
brandishing banners against Western intervention in the Middle East,
thousands of people rallied in Istanbul Sunday to denounce the visit to
Turkey by Pope Benedict XVI, which starts on Tuesday.
The demonstration, organized by the
Islamist Felicity Party (SP) and entitled "The pope is not welcome,"
attracted at least 15,000 people, far below the 300,000 to 1 million that
activists had predicted.
Hundreds of security forces,
including riot police, were on watch at the Caglayan square in central
Istanbul.
The mix of religious and political
slogans the protesters shouted reflected widespread suspicions among
nationalists and Islamists here that the landmark four-day visit is part of
Western designs to subdue the Muslim world, rather than an effort to
reconcile religions.
The leader of the Roman Catholic
Church triggered uproar across Muslim countries in September when in a
speech he linked Islam and violence in quoting a Byzantine emperor who said
the Prophet Mohammad brought "things only evil and inhuman."
"Show respect to the Prophet,
pope!" one placard at the rally said. Others read: "Ignorant pope,
read your own history!" and "Papa, go home!"
"Allahu Akbar," the
protesters chanted, followed by others shouting "Down with Israel"
and "Down with America."
Under photographs of Iraq war victims,
one banner asked: "Who did this?"
Another read: "Who is
responsible for terrorism: the US, Israel and the EU, or Iraq and the
Palestinians?"
Many brandished banners that read:
"No to the crusaders' alliance" - a slogan endorsed by the SP for
the demonstration.
Opponents of the papal visit say the
pontiff's scheduled talks with Patriarch Bartholomew I, the Istanbul-based
spiritual head of the world's Orthodox Christians, is aimed not only at
healing the centuries-old schism between the two churches, but at sealing a
Christian alliance against Islam.
The rally highlighted another
sensitivity the pope's program has touched here - his planned visit to Hagia
Sophia, a sixth-century Byzantine church which was converted to a mosque in
1453 when the Ottomans conquered Istanbul, then called Constantinople. It
was transformed into a museum in 1935.
"Break the chains, open Hagia
Sophia," the protesters chanted, echoing Islamist desire for the
edifice to be re-opened as a mosque.
Benedict said Sunday he wanted the
visit to show his "esteem and sincere friendship" for the country
and its people.
He asked thousands of people in St.
Peter's Square to pray for the success of the trip, which has become very
delicate not only because of his comments on Islam but also his questioning
of Turkey's eligibility for European Union membership.
"Starting right now, I want to
send a cordial greeting to the dear Turkish people, rich in history and
culture. To these people and their representatives I express feelings of
esteem and sincere friendship," he said.
Benedict will also visit Istanbul's
famous Blue Mosque during his trip, the Vatican said Sunday. The visit will
be his first to a mosque as pope.
His predecessor, Pope John Paul II,
made the first visit by a pontiff to a mosque during a trip to Damascus in
2001.
Turkish Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul
said Sunday more police will protect Benedict during his visit than were
deployed for US President George W. Bush.
"The security measures being
taken for the pope in Turkey are higher than those taken for George W.
Bush," Gul said in an interview with the Italian daily Corriere della
Sera. Bush visited in 2004 for a NATO summit.
"There will be no incidents. We
cannot forget what happened in St. Peter's Square in 1981. Unfortunately it
was a Turkish citizen who fired at John Paul II," Gul said, in
reference to Mehmet Agca's attempted assassination of the former pope.
Rooftop snipers will be among the
12,000 police deployed in Istanbul and the neighborhood hosting the pope
will be locked down. - Agencies
http://www.dailystar.com.lb
Pope flies into a Turkish cauldron
Matthew Campbell, Istanbul
The Sunday Times November
26, 2006
WITH his thick black moustache he looks a bit like Borat, the Kazakh
journalist in the hit Hollywood film, but Kemal Kerincsiz, a lawyer, is
far from comical when he inveighs against enemies of the Turkish state.
The latest target of his displeasure is Pope Benedict XVI. Kerincsiz
has led an energetic campaign to halt the visit of the 79-year-old pontiff,
arriving on Tuesday, on the grounds that it is part of a “foreign plot”
against Turkey. Not only had the Pope insulted Islam in a speech he made
in September, Kerincsiz said, but he was planning a “provocative”
meeting in Istanbul with the head of Orthodox Christianity. “We do not
want him here. He should not come.”
Behind him on his office wall was a poster of the Pope as a fanged
serpent which Kerincsiz has been handing out to supporters. He has also
been bombarding government offices with “Stop the Pope” e-mails and
faxes. Today he will attend a big demonstration against the Pope in
Istanbul.
The Pope could hardly have picked a trickier moment for his visit, just
as debate is reaching a bitter climax over whether to let Turkey and its
70m, predominantly Muslim, citizens into the European Union.
America and Britain are strongly in favour of keeping Turkey firmly in
the western fold but Kerincsiz and his Lawyers’ Union are part of a
nationalist movement trying to pull it in the other direction. Recent
events, from the Pope’s comments about Islam to French efforts to outlaw
denial of the Turkish massacre of Armenians at the end of the first world
war, have worked in their favour.
The ultimate goal is to revive the Ottoman empire but, for the time
being, they must content themselves with a campaign to defend Turkey
against enemies.
It was Kerincsiz who brought a lawsuit against Orhan Pamuk, the Nobel
prize-winning author, earlier this year for accusing Turkey of genocide
against Armenians. “The Armenians were deported, not killed,” he
insisted.
All of this risks jeopardising the country’s drive to modernity and
it is little surprise that talks with the EU on Turkish membership have
recently turned sour.
An increasingly impatient Brussels has repeatedly called on Turkey to
repeal article 301, the law being used by Kerincsiz to attack freedom of
speech. On Thursday, in a development unlikely to cheer the Pope, two
Christians went on trial under article 301 for insulting “Turkishness”
and inciting religious hatred while trying to convert Turks to
Christianity.
Brussels has given Turkey until December 6 to let Cypriot ships into
its ports or risk seeing its application for EU membership rejected. This
has put Turks in an angry sulk over the “crusader mentality” of the
Europeans, hardly an encouraging context for a papal visit.
The Pope once warned that letting Turkey into the EU would be “a
grave error against the tide of history” and he has become, for many, a
symbol of western hostility towards Turkey.
For Recep Tayyip Erdogan, the moderate prime minister, it is an
extremely unwelcome predicament. An election is looming next year and in
order not to alienate voters he has pleaded a prior engagement — a Nato
summit in Riga — to avoid going anywhere near the Pope.
Muslim protests against the pontiff will not go down well in Brussels,
reviving perennial speculation about the threat to the strong, secular
democracy established by Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey.
A draconian security plan involving 12,000 policemen is being
implemented in Istanbul to prevent any violent backlash against the Pope.
Snipers will be posted on rooftops. Sewers will be searched for bombs.
The authorities are right to be nervous. There has been a string of
attacks against Christian clergymen since the Pope’s speech in September
when he quoted a 14th-century Byzantine leader as saying that the Muslims
had spread their faith “by the sword” and brought things “only evil
and inhuman”.
Earlier this month, a man fired a pistol in the air outside the Italian
consulate in Istanbul, shouting slogans against the Pope, whose
predecessor, John Paul II, was shot in the stomach by a Turkish assailant
in Rome.
On Wednesday, tourists were removed by police from the 6th-century
Byzantine Hagia Sophia Church, a famous Istanbul landmark, when about 100
nationalists staged an anti-Pope protest. The church was converted into a
mosque when the Ottomans conquered the city — Constantinople, as it was
known — in 1453, but is now a museum and one of the venues on the papal
itinerary.
For today’s demonstration, an Islamist party is planning to ferry around
75,000 people on buses into Istanbul. Kerincsiz said his group was
planning to stage other protests during the visit but did not support
violence.
Not yet at least. Instead of membership of the EU, he advocates
restoration of a Turkic empire stretching from former Ottoman provinces in
the Balkans right up into Central Asia. Achieving this would presumably
involve a certain amount of swordplay.
It matters little to him that Atatürk, his hero whose portrait hangs
in his office, was in favour of westernisation, urging his citizens to
waltz and wear western clothes and introducing a Roman alphabet and Swiss
penal code. “Being in the EU, we would not be able to restore our empire,”
said Kerincsiz.
He is helped by growing frustration over sacrifices being demanded by
Brussels. A poll last week showed that 60% were in favour of halting talks
with the EU. “The attitude seems to be that if you don’t want us, we
certainly don’t want you,” said a western diplomat. “Turkey feels
terribly unloved.”
Turks are notoriously sensitive about how they are seen in the West. It
explains what happened in Washington last week when one of Turkey’s top
army generals stormed out of the White House in protest after guards tried
to frisk him before a meeting.
Try bargaining in Istanbul and see what happens. “Do you think that
you can pay what you like just because we are in Turkey and not in London?”
complained an irate shop owner when a tourist offered less than what
seemed an exorbitant amount for a ceramic pot.
Because of the prospect, albeit distant, of becoming part of the EU,
the economy is booming — it attracts more foreign investment than any
other Mediterranean country — and by reducing the political role of the
army and curbing abuses of human rights Turkey has taken big steps towards
Europe. Yet in Turkish eyes, Europe keeps asking for more: “We will
never satisfy them,” said Cengiz Bilgin, a teacher. “It is clear they
don’t really want us in their club.”
The argument appears to be gaining ground and the growth of
Kerincsiz’s group to 800 members in Istanbul alone over the past few
years suggests that he may have a future.
Call for and to anti-Christian laws
The Pope will stand up for Christian minority rights on his visit to
Turkey this week, writes Christopher Morgan. According to advisers, he
will call for an end to Turkey’s anti-Christian discrimination laws that
make it difficult for churches to own property and run seminaries.
Cardinal Walter Kasper said: “The treatment of Christian minorities will
have to be sorted out if Turkey is to join the European Union.” Under EU
pressure, Turkey passed a law this month strengthening Christian churches’
property rights, but Orthodox leaders say this is not enough.
Turkey
mobilizing to protect pope
The Associated Press
23.11.06
When Pope Benedict XVI comes to Turkey next week,
he will be protected by a heavy security operation amid fears the visit
may set off a renewed wave of anger over his recent comments linking Islam
to violence.
Turkey, which is striving to show that it is a modern nation ready to
join the European Union, is trying to make sure the visit passes without a
hitch. A huge force of snipers, bomb disposal experts, riot police and
anti-terrorism agents will be deployed at each of Benedict's stops.
Police helicopters will hover above the cities of Istanbul, Ankara and
Izmir during the visit next Tuesday through Friday, and navy commandos
with machine guns will patrol the Bosporus in inflatable boats.
Benedict's first trip to a Muslim nation comes at a time of heightened
tensions between the West and Islam. And it is the pope himself who has
recently been at the center of those tensions.
The Muslim world erupted in protest after Benedict delivered a speech
in September in which he quoted a Byzantine emperor who characterized some
of the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad as "evil and inhuman,"
particularly "his command to spread by the sword the faith."
The controversy died down after the pope expressed regret for causing
offense, but there are concerns that festering resentments may be
reignited by Benedict's visit to Turkey.
On Wednesday, the police detained about 40 members of a Turkish
nationalist party who had occupied one of Istanbul's most famous buildings,
the Hagia Sophia, to protest the papal visit.
The demonstrators belonging to the Great Unity Party entered the former
Byzantine church and mosque, shouting "Allahu akbar!" - "God
is great!" - and then knelt to pray.
They also shouted a warning to Benedict: "Pope, don't make a
mistake, don't wear out our patience."
When the group refused to surrender, a police officer used pepper spray
on them.
The protesters were rounded up and loaded into police buses that took
them to a nearby station for questioning, the police said.
Benedict is scheduled to tour the Hagia Sophia, which is a source of
religious sensitivity in Turkey. It was one of the world's greatest
Christian churches for more than 1,000 years, but was converted into a
mosque after the conquest of Istanbul by Ottoman Turks in 1453. Today, the
Hagia Sophia is a museum, and public religious ceremonies inside are
forbidden.
On Nov. 2, a man fired shots outside the Italian Consulate in Istanbul
to protest Benedict's visit, shouting that he would strangle the pope.
The man was arrested, but the incident revived memories of the 1981
assassination attempt on the Pope John Paul II by a Turkish gunman, Mehmet
Ali Agca, in Rome.
Agca, who has said he wants to be released from jail and meet Benedict
during his visit, previously warned that the pope's life would be in
danger if he came to Turkey.
The authorities, who anticipate large protests in the streets, plan to
close several areas of central Istanbul to traffic and are preparing lists
of residents living in those neighborhoods.
"If this trip would have occurred under normal conditions, then
these lands, the center of tolerance and love, would show the necessary
hospitality to him," said a statement from the opposition pro-Islamic
Felicity Party, which is calling for a protest against the pope's visit on
Sunday in Istanbul.
"But we don't want to see him on our soil because of the remarks
he made about Islam's Prophet Muhammad on Sept. 12 and for not apologizing
afterward."
Turkish security forces have had extensive experience in protecting
world leaders, including Presidents George W. Bush and Bill Clinton. The
military is one of the most powerful institutions in the nation, a highly
trained force that enjoys widespread admiration.
Still, senior anti-terrorism police officials, speaking on condition of
anonymity because of the sensitivity of the information, said they were
concerned that some protests of the pope's visit could become violent.
Several radical Islamic groups are active in Turkey, including local
elements of Osama bin Laden's terrorist network, Al Qaeda.
The group was blamed for the killings of 58 people in a wave of suicide
bombings against synagogues and British interests in Istanbul three years
ago.
About 70 suspected Qaeda operatives who were implicated in the attacks
are on trial.
Bin Laden's deputy, Ayman al-Zawahri, has compared the pontiff to Pope
Urban II, who in 1095 ordered the First Crusade to establish Christian
control in the Holy Land.
Anger at the West was growing in Turkey even before the pope's comments.
A Turkish teenager shot and killed a Catholic priest, the Reverend
Andrea Santoro, as he knelt in prayer inside his church on Feb. 5 in the
Black Sea port city of Trabzon.
After the killing of Santoro, two more Catholic clerics were assaulted
in Turkey.
The attacks were believed to be related to widespread anger in the
Islamic world over the publication in European newspapers of caricatures
of Muhammad.
Pope's focus in Turkey not Islam but Christian
unity
Fri Nov 24, 2006 8:46 AM ET
By Gareth Jones
ANKARA (Reuters) - You would never know it from the newspaper headlines,
but the main focus of Pope Benedict's visit to Muslim Turkey next week is to
promote Roman Catholic ties not with Islam but with the world's 250 million
Orthodox Christians.
While the world's media focus on simmering Muslim-Christian tensions
after Benedict's remarks on Islam, the heart of his trip will be the search
for elusive Christian unity with Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew
in Istanbul.
"It is profoundly symbolic when the world's two pre-eminent
Christian leaders meet ... This will be a historic visit in the life of the
Church," Thomas FitzGerald, dean at the Holy Cross Greek Orthodox
School of Theology in Brookline, Massachusetts, told Reuters by telephone.
The Pope's November 28-December 1 visit is timed to coincide with the
feast of Saint Andrew, one of the 12 apostles who is said to have preached
in what is now Istanbul after Christ's death.
Theologians say Benedict and Bartholomew, faced with an increasingly
hostile secularism in Europe and the challenge of Islamic militancy
worldwide, will find plenty to agree on.
But no breakthroughs are expected on the issues that split their churches
1,000 years ago such as the authority of the pope and the nature of the Holy
Spirit.
And some Orthodox, especially in Russia, home to more than half the
world's Orthodox Christians, question Bartholomew's right to speak on their
behalf with the Pope.
"The Pope's visit is an expression of the desire for unity, but it
is not easy to resolve some of the issues dividing us," Archbishop
Demetrius, head of the Greek Orthodox Church in the United States, told
Reuters.
"With such a long history of separation, you cannot move in a big
jump. You need a methodical, step-by-step approach," said Demetrius,
who will be in Istanbul for the papal visit.
BUILDING BRIDGES
Benedict, though disliked by many Muslims who say passages in a lecture
he gave recently were offensive to Islam, is widely respected by Orthodox
Christians as a learned theologian genuinely interested in building bridges
with their church.
Unlike the world's 1.1 billion Roman Catholics, Orthodox Christians lack
a single leader and maintain a loose family of national churches, based
mostly in Russia, Greece and the Balkans, with diaspora churches scattered
around the world.
Bartholomew is "first among equals", the church's senior bishop
by ancient tradition and based in Istanbul, the former Constantinople which
was capital of the Greek-speaking Byzantine Empire for centuries before
falling to Muslim Turks in 1453.
Moscow, which has seen itself as the "third Rome", the
legitimate successor to Rome and Constantinople, almost since the fall of
Byzantium, is proudly independent and reserves the right to speak to the
Pope directly, not via Bartholomew.
Since the fall of atheistic Soviet communism, the Moscow Patriarchate has
experienced a big revival at home and has also become more assertive
overseas, for example renewing ties with its exiled brethren in the Russian
Church in the United States.
"I believe that, alongside contacts with the Patriarchate of
Constantinople, it is equally important for the Roman Catholic Church to
develop bilateral relations with the other Orthodox churches, notably with
the Russian Orthodox Church," said Hilarion Alfeyev, Russian Orthodox
bishop of Vienna.
"But one must be pragmatic and recognize it will probably take
decades, if not centuries, before unity is restored," Hilarion, his
church's main representative in Europe, told the Zenit news agency.
Bartholomew's jurisdiction is not limited to the dwindling community of
Greek Orthodox Christians left in Turkey but also embraces the diaspora
churches of western Europe, the Americas, Oceania and the Far East.
Bartholomew, an ethnic Greek but Turkish citizen, is expected to seek the
Pope's support in his efforts to persuade Turkey to ease restrictions on
Christians here, especially on the training of clergy.
"Hopefully the irenic (pacific) spirit of the two leaders will
encourage Turkish leaders to recognize the rights of their minority
Christians," said FitzGerald.
Bartholomew will also press the case for allowing Turkey to join the
European Union, arguing it will help avoid a "clash of civilisations"
between the Christian and Islamic worlds.
Before becoming Pope, Benedict annoyed Ankara by speaking out against
Turkey's EU bid, saying its religion and culture would prevent it fitting
into the mainly Christian bloc.
Receiving a warm welcome, pope extends EU support
‘We are not political, but we wish for Turkey to
join the EU,’ Erdoğan quotes Pope Benedict as telling him. It is the
first time that the pontiff expresses support for Turkey’s EU bid, which
he once strongly opposed as ‘a grave error’
ANKARA - Turkish Daily News Nov. 29,
2006
On the first day of a historic visit by Pope Benedict XVI to
the Turkish capital, the pontiff and Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
traded conciliatory gestures as both of them sought to calm the storm
unleashed when the pontiff appeared to link Islam to violence.
Erdoğan, who was accused for weeks of snubbing the
pope for refusing until the last minute to meet with him during his four-day
visit to Turkey, personally greeted the pontiff as he stepped off his
airplane at Ankara's Esenboğa Airport -- a kind of greeting that was
interpreted as a major diplomatic gesture and an unusual break with protocol.
The pope's reply was timely when he for the first time
expressed support for Turkey's bid to join the European Union, which he had
strongly opposed as “a grave error” when still Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger.
“I asked for his support on the road to EU membership. He
said, ‘We are not political, but we wish for Turkey to join the EU',”
Erdoğan told reporters after a 20-minute meeting with the pope.
Following his meeting with Erdoğan at the airport, the pope visited the
mausoleum of the modern Turkish Republic's founder, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
Later, he met with President Ahmet Necdet Sezer, who chose to
implement a simple state protocol for the pope. The pontiff later
visited Ali Bardakoğlu, the head of Turkey's Religious Affairs
Directorate, who had harsh words for him after his Sept. 12 remarks on Islam
in Regensburg, Germany. The visit took place at Bardakoğlu's office, in
line with the Turkish side's preference instead of a meeting at the Vatican
Embassy in Ankara.
SPIEGEL ONLINE - November 24, 2006, 05:03 PM
URL: http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,450598,00.html
THE POPE IN TURKEY
"An Attack on the Pillars of Islam"
Ali Bardakoglu, 54, is Turkey's highest Muslim
dignitary. SPIEGEL spoke to him about Pope Benedict XVI's visit to Turkey
next week and the reactions to the pontiff's Regensburg speech, widely noted
for its criticism of Islam.
SPIEGEL: It's been 27 years since since a pope last visited Turkey,
a Muslim country. What does the visit mean for your country?
Bardakoglu: Whenever a religious leader visits other countries,
it means that religious leader is ready to engage in dialogue. That's
important. If we want to get a grip on the world's problems, we have to
speak to each other. Our problems don't originate in the religions
themselves. The leaders can help ensure that people from various cultures
develop an understanding for one another.
SPIEGEL: The pope is visiting you too. You've strongly
criticized his Regensburg speech.
Bardakoglu: The pope's speech wasn't a critique. It turned
against fundamentally sacred elements of Islam in a condemning manner. In
this sense, it was flawed. It shouldn't have been that way, as the pope
himself later came to understand.
SPIEGEL: Why does the Muslim world react to criticism so
intensely?
Bardakoglu: We're always open to criticism. We also criticize
ourselves when necessary. Islam and rationality very much go together.
We're prepared to engage in an intellectual discussion about the
relationship between faith and reason, religion and violence. We would
also have a lot to say to Christians about this topic.
SPIEGEL: What was wrong with the speech?
Bardakoglu: It was an attack, strongly colored by prejudice, on
the three pillars of Islam: faith, the Koran and the prophet Muhammad --
without any reference to a specific event from the history of Islam.
Whoever portrays the Koran and the prophet as the causes of the problems
hasn't understood Islam.
SPIEGEL: You spoke of the Pope having "hatred in his heart"
and accused him of cultivating a way of thinking that resembles that of
the crusaders.
Bardakoglu: A person who says the prophet is the source of
violence, and that the Koran is the cause of the aberrations, isn't
formulating criticism but rather condemning and insulting Islam. The fact
that the speaker is merely repeating a quotation does not diminish the
mistake.
SPIEGEL: Why doesn't the West understand the reactions
in the Muslim world, in your opinion?
Bardakoglu: People's relationship to God, to the Bible, to Jesus
isn't as strong in the West as it is in Islam. That's why the reactions
triggered here are altogether different. The West makes the mistake of
taking the relationships of its faithful to holy institutions as a
benchmark, comparing them to Islam.
SPIEGEL: What would make dialogue easier?
Bardakoglu: Mutual respect. We have a principle in Islam that
requires us not to talk about another religion or a religious leader in an
insulting way. We also take action when Jesus is insulted, whom we
consider an important prophet.
SPIEGEL: But there are attacks
on Christians and on Christianity in the Muslim world, including in
Turkey.
Bardakoglu: People with little knowledge, and sometimes with
little self-confidence, don't engage in theological debate; instead, they
choose the simple option of attacking another religion. That's dangerous,
and we condemn it. We always call on people to react moderately, never
violently. But some people's exaggerated reactions are also
instrumentalized by those who want to fuel Islamophobia.
SPIEGEL: Do you want to bring up the Regensburg speech again?
Bardakoglu: I want to look forward. If the Pope doesn't raise
the issue himself, I won't refer to it.
El Papa oficiará su primera misa en Turquía durante la segunda jornada
de su visita
Benedicto XVI, bajo una gran bandera turca, en la embajada del
Vaticano en Ankara. (Foto: REUTERS)
Actualizado miércoles 29/11/2006
ELMUNDO.ES
MADRID.- La segunda
jornada de la visita de Benedicto XVI a Turquía llevará al Pontífice, a
primera hora de la mañana, a Efeso, donde dará una misa en la casa
de la Virgen María, en la que, según la tradición, vivió los últimos
años de su vida y murió la madre de Jesús.
El resto del día, según su agenda oficial, lo pasará en Estambul,
donde visitará la Iglesia Patriarcal de San Jorge y
mantendrá un encuentro privado con el Patriarca Ecuménico Bartolomé
I, líder espiritual de los cristianos ortodoxos de todo el mundo.
Antes de dejar Ankara, a donde llegó ayer, el Papa expresó su agradecimiento
al ministro de Estado turco, Besir Atalay, por la visita
"muy positiva" que ha realizado en Ankara. "Las reuniones que
he mantenido con el primer ministro y el Presidente han sido muy importantes
y positivas", afirmó el Papa.
El principal objetivo del periplo papal es reforzar el diálogo ecuménico
e interreligioso. Por su parte, Bartolomé I ha señalado que espera
al Papa con "amor fraternal" y ha mostrado su esperanza
de que el Pontífice hable a favor de todos los católicos
que viven en Turquía y de todas las minorías religiosas.
En su primera jornada en Turquía, el Papa tuvo un día
completo. Se encontró durante apenas 20 minutos con el primer ministro, Recep
Tayiip Erdogan, y con el presidente, Ahmet Necdet Sezer.
De ambos encuentros, el que más contenido político tuvo fue el mantenido
con Erdogan, a quien el Pontífice expresó su deseo
de que Turquía entre en la UE.
Benedicto XVI también visitó el mausoleo de Ataturk
donde, en el libro de visitas, deseo "Paz en patria, paz en el mundo".
Más tarde, tras entrevistarse con el responsable de Asuntos Religiosos y
muftí de Turquía, Ali Bardakoglu, pidió
un "diálogo verdadero" entre musulmanes y cristianos que
"respete las diferencias y reconozca las cosas en común".
'Oportunidad para la reconciliación'
Antes de salir de Roma, el Papa aseguró
que "la oportunidad de esta visita es fomentar el diálogo,
la hermandad, el compromiso para un mejor entendimiento entre culturas,
entre religiones, para la reconciliación". También
comentó que la visita "no es un viaje político, sino pastoral".
El Pontífice ha llegado a Turquía invitado por el presidente el
país, Ahmet Necdet Sezer, con intenciones principalmente
pastorales. Sin embargo, el viaje ha cobrado un importante contenido
político tras el polémico discurso del Pontífice en Ratisbona.
Turquía fue uno de los países donde más se criticaron
estas declaraciones
realizadas el septiembre pasado, en las que identificó indirectamente el
Islam con la violencia. Después, el Papa "lamentó"
en repetidas ocasiones que su discurso hubiera 'podido ofender la
sensibilidad de los musulmanes'.
Pese a ello, el pasado domingo miles
de personas se concentraron en la céntrica plaza Caglayan de Estambul
para protestar contra la visita del Papa. Por ello, Turquía he decidido
llevar a cabo un despliegue
de seguridad que contará con más de 16.000 policías.
Ankara da la espalda a Benedicto XVI
Los habitantes de la capital turca sólo aprecian molestias ante la visita
del Pontífice
JUAN CARLOS SANZ (ENVIADO ESPECIAL) - Ankara - 29/11/2006
www.elpais.es
La ceremoniosa cortesía otomana y la sutil diplomacia vaticana eludieron
finalmente el choque de civilizaciones. El Papa llegó ayer a Ankara con un
mensaje de apaciguamiento: habló de diálogo, tendió puentes entre
religiones y alabó la figura de Mustafá Kemal, Atatürk, ante su tumba. El
primer ministro turco, el islamista moderado Recep Tayyip Erdogan, le esperó
a pie de escalerilla. Pero mientras la Turquía oficial dio la bienvenida a
Joseph Ratzinger, en una etapa más de su tortuoso acercamiento hacia Europa,
la capital turca le daba la espalda. La indiferencia en las calles hacia la
visita de Benedicto XVI se expresó en el habitual ajetreo de la población de
Ankara, absorta en sus quehaceres mientras la circulación se colapsaba en el
bulevar de Atatürk, el eje que atraviesa la capital turca de norte a sur.
Con las negociaciones con la UE al borde del colapso a causa del
contencioso sobre Chipre, el Gobierno de Ankara es consciente de que no puede
permitirse desplantes hacia la figura del pontífice, cuya visita a Turquía
es observada con atención por los países occidentales. Así lo destacó el
ministro portavoz del Gobierno, Cemil Ciçek, la víspera de la visita papal.
"Musulmanes y cristianos compartimos los mismos profetas... sin
olvidar la tradicional hospitalidad turca", no se ha cansado de repetir
Erdogan ante sus seguidores para justificar su decisión de dar marcha atrás
y recibir al Papa en el aeropuerto a su llegada a Turquía. Muchos analistas
temen que su fotografía de ayer con el Papa acabe por pasarle factura en las
elecciones legislativas del año que viene.
Las islamistas más radicales, que no se integraron en el partido
reformista y proeuropeo en el poder y que condenan al Papa por sus palabras
sobre el islam en Alemania, y la extrema derecha, que ve en la figura del Papa
una amenaza a la identidad nacional y religiosa de Turquía, conforman el
frente de rechazo a Benedicto XVI. En conjunto, sus opciones políticas sumarían
el 10% de los votos.
Para la mayoría de los habitantes de Ankara la visita papal representa
ante todo molestias. "Apenas se ha notado un empeoramiento en el tráfico",
bromeaba entre risas una empleada en un comercio de Kizilay, la plaza donde
palpita el corazón de la ciudad, "pero hay mucha más policía que de
costumbre".
Las fuerzas de seguridad no tuvieron trabajo. A primera hora de la mañana
cortaron la circulación en los 35 kilómetros que separan el aeropuerto de
Esenboga del centro de la capital. Los túneles y puentes fueron tomados por
gendarmes en uniforme de combate hasta después del paso de la comitiva papal.
Un blindado de transporte de tropas y un vehículo antidisturbios dotado con
un cañón de agua y una aparatosa pala excavadora presidían el centro de la
plaza de Kizilay. Mientras, en los cercanos jardines de la sede de la jefatura
del Gobierno, varias docenas de policías bostezaban en formación, con los
escudos antidisturbios apoyados en el suelo tras largas horas de guardia.
"Nosotros vemos la visita del Papa sobre todo como un reencuentro
entre cristianos divididos: los católicos y los ortodoxos", explicaba un
joven profesor de la Universidad de Ankara entre alumnos que charlaban al sol
del mediodía sin prestar atención a la visita del Papa. "Claro que
Benedicto XVI tiene también una gran oportunidad para reconciliarse con los
musulmanes tras sus críticas al islam en Ratisbona".
Los grupos más extremistas han advertido a Benedicto XVI que no debe
atreverse a rezar mañana en el Museo de Santa Sofía, construida como basílica
bizantina y que fue mezquita hasta 1935. Hoy es una de las principales
atracciones turísticas de Estambul y las autoridades temen que los
integristas musulmanes reclamen su reapertura al culto. El Papa llegará esta
noche a Estambul tras celebrar una misa en Éfeso, en la costa mediterránea.
Cerca de la plaza de Kizilay, el poeta Ertugrul Onalp, catedrático de
Lengua Española en la Facultad de Letras de Ankara, se mostraba sorprendido
por tanta tensión religiosa en un Estado laico y citaba al escritor
valenciano Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, que viajó a Estambul en 1907 y dejó
escrito en su libro de viajes El Oriente un canto a la libertad
religiosa bajo el Imperio Otomano: "En Constantinopla viven todos los
cultos con entera libertad y todos sus ministros gozan de igual respeto. El
patriarca griego, el gran rabino, el arzobispo católico... todos son
funcionarios del imperio, iguales en respeto al gran imán y retribuidos por
el emperador con gran largueza según el número de adeptos de cada religión".
Condoleezza Rice alaba la Alianza de Civilizaciones en una carta enviada a
Moratinos
La secretaria de Estado de EE UU espera apoyar proyectos concretos "compatibles"
con sus objetivos en Oriente Próximo
ELPAIS.es - Madrid - 16/02/2006
La secretaria de Estado de EE UU, Condoleezza Rice, ha alabado
la Alianza de Civilizaciones impulsada por el presidente del Gobierno, José
Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, en una carta dirigida al ministro de Exteriores,
Miguel Ángel Moratinos, y difundida por la SER. En la misiva, Rice asegura que
la iniciativa “promete facilitar un mayor entendimiento y promover una reforma
democrática, paz y estabilidad más amplias en Oriente Medio”.
La jefa de la diplomacia estadounidense asegura haber recibido “informes
esperanzadores” sobre la reunión del grupo de expertos de Alto Nivel
designado por el secretario general de la ONU, Kofi Annan, y espera “apoyar
proyectos de alianzas concretas” aunque siempre “compatibles con nuestros
propios objetivos para la región”.
En concreto, cita algunos proyectos que su país estaría dispuesto a apoyar,
como un mayor entendimiento entre culturas, la promoción de “más comprensión
de la cultura en las escuelas”, el desarrollo de vínculos entre universidades
o grupos académicos, el desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías e Internet y el
desarrollo de conferencias y grupos de trabajo.
Además, sugiere que su país podría colaborar económicamente con el
proyecto al afirmar que está pendiente de identificar programas específicos
para que su país pueda “aportar su contribución”. “Espero colaborar con
usted mientras continuamos este trabajo vital”, se despide.
Grupo de alto nivel
La idea de la Alianza de Civilizaciones fue presentada por Zapatero en un
discurso en la sede de Naciones Unidas en septiembre de 2004 y desde el
principio el Gobierno de EE UU mostró sus reticencias porque por chocaba contra
la Guerra contra el terrorismo. Donde si caló la propuesta fue en Naciones
Unidas. Su Secretario General, Kofi Annan, estableció un grupo de dieciocho
personalidades (entre ellas el presidente iraní Mohammed Khatami, el Premio
Nobel de la Paz de 1984 Desmond Tutu, el principal consejero real de Marruecos,
André Azulay, y el director de la Unesco Federico Mayor Zaragoza) para impulsar
el proyecto.
El pasado mes de noviembre Zapatero abrió en Palma de Mallorca la primera
reunión de este grupo de alto nivel. Le acompañó en la capital balear Recep
Tayyip Erdogan, el primer ministro de Turquía, que desde julio copatrocina la
iniciativa en su calidad de representante del mundo islámico.
El pasado verano, en una entrevista publicada por el diario británico The
Spectator el ex presidente del Gobierno español José María Aznar criticó
duramente la iniciativa. "Eso es un enorme sinsentido. Mire, yo tuve una
excelente interlocución con Mohamed Jatamí [ex presidente de Irán]. Una cosa
es el diálogo entre civilizaciones, pero la Alianza de Civilizaciones... eso es
estúpido", afirmó.
Benedicto XVI en Turquía; ecumenismo, no política
EDITORIAL 29.11.06
www.libertaddigital.com/opiniones/opi_desa_34635.html
Turquía es un país donde apenas hay cristianos. La comunidad armenia,
esquilmada salvajemente en tiempos no tan lejanos, es la más numerosa –entre
40.000 y 70.000 miembros–, pero insignificante en una república que supera de
largo los 70 millones de habitantes. Los ortodoxos no pasan de los 3.000 en el
país que alberga la ciudad que antaño fue meca de la ortodoxia cristiana. Católicos
romanos hay muy pocos, tan pocos que Benedicto XVI podría, si se lo propusiese,
saludarlos a todos personalmente durante su viaje. Ésta, y no otra, es la
verdadera dimensión de la gira papal de estos días por Turquía. El Sumo Pontífice
no hace política, no sabe de política y no quiere inmiscuirse en los asuntos
que no corresponden a su prelatura.
La visita del Santo Padre a esta minúscula iglesia católica y a las pequeñas
comunidades de cristianos ortodoxos, armenios y sirio-caldeos es la razón por
la que Benedicto XVI se ha embarcado en un viaje relativamente peligroso a un
lugar donde no es bien recibido. El Gobierno turco se ha esforzado en hacérselo
saber a su llegada. Una reunión de puro trámite de tan sólo veinte minutos y
en una sala del aeropuerto. Erdogan ha forzado el encuentro en estas
circunstancias tan ridículas para que el Papa sepa a qué atenerse en el país
que se dispone a visitar y, en segunda instancia, para capitalizar políticamente
la fotografía con Benedicto XVI. De ahí que, nada más salir de la reunión
haya anunciado que el Pontífice apoya la entrada de Turquía en la Unión
Europea.
Nada más lejos de las intenciones del Papa que, por descontado, ni apoya ni
critica el ingreso del país asiático en la Europa de los 25. El Papa se
preocupa de cuestiones que poco o nada tienen que ver con los trapicheos de los
burócratas de Bruselas pero esto, que parece de cajón, cuesta hacérselo
entender a los que siguen considerando al Papa un jefe de Estado como cualquier
otro.
Tayyip Erdogan, sin embargo, está muy al tanto de que su proyecto de
integrar a Turquía en la Unión requiere ciertas dosis de mano izquierda
abandonando, aunque sea momentáneamente, el islamismo moderado que vende de
puertas adentro, el mismo que en el pasado le llevó a formar parte de algunas
formaciones islamistas turcas no tan moderadas. El otro caramelo con el que
Erdogan juega se lo ha dado Rodríguez Zapatero y no es otro que la célebre
Alianza de Civilizaciones, un ideologema gestado en Teherán y reelaborado en el
gabinete de Moncloa.
Frente al encaje de bolillos que ensaya el Gobierno turco, el Sumo Pontífice
ofrece ecumenismo cristiano y diálogo pacífico con el resto de religiones. Un
mensaje nítido y sencillo consistente en la tolerancia mutua basada en el diálogo
interreligioso y el respeto a la libertad de culto. Algo que, al menos a nuestro
presidente, ha de sonarle a chino porque pocos gobiernos hay en Occidente tan
hostiles al cristianismo –que no al Islam– como el de Zapatero. Muy lejos de
la posición de Erdogan que, si bien defiende (sólo desde 1998) con una mano la
separación de la iglesia y el estado, con la otra practica un islamismo
descafeinado que se condensa en las declaraciones que hizo el año pasado
asegurando que "el Islam es el cemento y el factor más importante que une
a nuestro pueblo".
Los que postulan una sociedad laica en Turquía se hacen cruces con esta y
otras muchas manifestaciones de su primer ministro. Benedicto XVI, el denostado
y difamado Papa Ratzinger, apuesta exactamente por lo contrario. Apuesta por
marcar una divisoria entre las esferas de la sociedad civil y la religión, algo
a años luz de lo que se estila, si no en Turquía, sí en los países de
Oriente Medio. El Papa tiene mucho que decir en Turquía, un país aventajado,
en el mismo linde de Oriente y Occidente, puente de dos mundos cuyo único
futuro deseable es evolucionar hacia este lado de la civilización.
Yurtta
barış dünyada barış
Papa 16’ıncı
Benedict’in havalimanından sonraki ilk durağı Anıtkabir
oldu. Atatürk’ün mozolesine çelenk koyan Papa, dünyaya buradan barış
mesajı verdi
29.11.2006
www.vatanim.com.tr
Papa’nın,
Esenboğa Havalimanı’nda Başbakan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan ile
gerçekleştirdiği görüşmenin ardından ilk durağı
Anıtkabir oldu. Saat 14.10’da Anıtkabir’e ulaşan heyet
üzerinde “Papa Benedict XVI” yazan kırmızı ve beyaz
karanfillerden oluşan çelenkle avludan geçerek Büyük Önder
Atatürk’ün mozolesine geldi. Papa, buraya çelenk koyarak dua etti. Ardından
da Büyük Önder Atatürk’ün manevi huzurunda saygı duruşunda
bulundu.
Papa 16. Benedict, daha sonra Misak-ı Milli Kulesi’ne geçerek, Anıtkabir
Özel Defteri’ni de imzaladı. 16’ıncı Benedict, deftere
şunları yazdı: “Farklı din ve kültürlerin buluştuğu,
Asya ve Avrupa arasında bir köprü olan bu topraklarda Türkiye
Cumhuriyeti’nin kurucusunun sözlerini kendi sözlerim gibi söylemekten
memnuniyet duyuyorum: Yurtta barış, dünyada barış.”
Daha önceki Papa ne yazmıştı?
Türkiye’ye şimdiye kadar 3 Papa geldi.1967 yılında ilk defa
Türkiye’ye gelen Papa 6. Paul, Ankara’ya gitmemiş, bu yüzden Anıtkabir’e
ziyaret gerçekleşmemişti. 28 Kasım 1979’da Türkiye’ye gelen
Papa 2. Jean Paul’un ise ilk durağı tıpkı Benedict gibi
Ankara olmuştu. Jean Paul, Anıtkabir özel defterine Fransızca
şu notu yazmıştı: “Halkların yönetimi Tanrı’nın
elindedir. Tanrı onlara en uygun zamanda en yararlı önderlerini
ortaya çıkarır. Zira bir milleti yücelten özgürlük aşkı
ve insan haklarına saygıdır. Ancak geleceğinin güvence
kaynağı gene Tanrı’dır.”
Papa’nın yanındaki iki kadın...
Biri Serra Yılmaz. Tiyatro ve sinema sanatçısı. Serra Yılmaz,
İtalyanlar’ın da yakından tanıdığı bir
isim. İtalyanca’yla birlikte Fransızca bilen, bu özelliği
sayesinde simultane tercümanlık da yapan Yılmaz, Türk yönetmen
Ferzan Özpetek’in “Harem Suare”, “Cahil Periler” ve “Karşı
Pencere” filmlerinde etkili roller aldı. İtalyan filmseverlerin de
büyük beğenisini kazandı. Saint Benoit Lisesi mezunu olan usta
oyuncu Papa’nın yanından hiç ayrılmadı, 16’ıncı
Benedictus’a tercümanlık yaptı.
Papa’yı dün gün boyu yaptığı resmi ziyaretlerde yalnız
bırakmayan bir diğer isim ise Oya Tuzcuoğlu’ydu. Dışişleri
Bakanlığı’nın Protokol Genel Müdürü olan Büyükelçi
Tuzcuoğlu, Papa’nın ziyareti sırasında, bir ilke daha imza
atarak başını örtmedi. Vatikan’ın uyguladığı
protokol kuralları uyarınca Papa’yla karşılaşacak ve
görüşecek kadınların “koyu renk, muhafazakar kesimli, sade
giysiler giymeleri, kollarını açıkta bırakmamaları ve
başlarını bir tülle örtmeleri” gerekiyor. Papa’yı Roma
Havaaalanı’ndan uğurlayacak heyet arasında da Türkiye’nin
Vatikan Büyükelçiliği Müsteşarı Deniz Kılıçer vardı.
Vatikan, THY uçuşunda hafif mönüyü tercih etti
Ankara Papa’yı ağırlarken, bugün geleceği İstanbul’da
ise son hazırlıklar yapıldı. “Bush’tan sıkı
korunacak” açıklamalarının ardından dün de görev
yapacak güvenlik gücü sayısı belirtilmezken İstanbul Emniyet
Müdürü Celaletin Cerrah “Rekor diyebiliriz. Ancak ara sokaklardaki
görevlilere daha çok güveniyoruz” dedi.
Beraberindeki heyet ile birlikte Alitalia’ya ait özel uçakla Ankara’ya
gelecek olan Papa’ya iç hat uçuşları için THY’den kiralanan
özel uçak tahsis edildi. Papa 16’ncı Benedict’in Atatürk Havalimanı’na
gelişinden 1.5 saat önce ve ayrılışından 1.5 saat
sonrasına kadar havalimanının 5 millik bir alan (yaklaşık
10 km) içerisinde helikopter uçuşlarına yasak getirildi. Böylece
konvoyun havadan görüntülenmesi de engellenmiş olacak.
ZEYTİNYAĞLI VE KURABİYE İSTEDİ
Vatikan yetkilileriyle görüşmelerini tamamlayan THY, iç hatlarda ekstra
bir düzenlemeye gitmezken İstanbul-Vatikan uçuşunda hafif bir mönü
tercih edildi. Taze mevsim meyveleri, zeytinyağlılar ve füme etin
bulunduğu soğuk ordör tabağı, ıspanak ve peynirli
börek, kruvasan, ekmek ve simit ile browni, tiramisu ile çikolatalı
kurabiye ikram edilecek. Ayrıca uçuş sırasında çay, kahve
ve alkollü-alkolsüz içecek servisi yapılacak.
Pasaport ve ruhsat hizmetleri verilemedi
Ankara Emniyet Müdürlüğü, Papa’nın gelişi dolayısıyla
çalışma sistemini yeniden düzenledi. 3 bin polisin Papa’yı
koruduğu başkentte Trafik Tescil Şube Müdürlüğü,
Pasaport Şube Müdürlüğü ve Silah Ruhsat Şube Müdürlüğünde
görev yapan memurlar da koruma tedbirleri çerçevesinde görevlendirildi.
Dolayısıyla hizmet verilemedi. Bu şubelerde, sadece önceden başvuru
sonucu işlemi tamamlanmış belgelerin teslimatı yapıldı.
TRT, sol kulağını izlettirdi
Ziyarati canlı yayınlamak üzere çekim yapma hakkına sahip tek
kuruluş olan TRT, Papa’yı neredeyse izlettirmedi. Ekran başındaki
izleyiciler çıldırdı. Papa’nın saygı duruşunda
bulunması sırasında da ekranlara sadece görevli subayın sırtı
yansıdı. Atatürk’ün mozolesi önünde duran Papa 16.
Benediktus’un sadece sol kulağı izlenebildi. İzleyiciler
Papa’nın Anıtkabir’den ayrılışını boş
bir otoparka bakarak, muhabirin sesinden dinlemek zorunda kaldı.
’Tara’ kokladı özel tim korudu
Papa’nın gelişi öncesinde Esenboğa Havalimanı girişinde
önce otomobillerin altları ve içlerinde arama yapıldı. Havaalanına
girmesine izin verilen araçlar, yaklaşık 500 metre ileride oluşturulan
ikinci bir arama noktasında tekrar kontrol edildi. Apronda özel harekat
timleri görev alırken, havadan bir helikopter de güvenlik uçuşu
yaptı. Papa’nın gelişini izlemek üzere havaalanına gelen
gazetecilerin kamera ve diğer cihazları, “Tara” adında polis
köpeğine koklatılarak, kontrol edildi.
Dünyanın gözü Türkiye’de
Ziyareti izlemek üzere yaklaşık 2 bin basın mensubu akredite
oldu. Yüzlerce yabancı televizyon kanalı, Papa ziyaretini canlı
yayınlıyor. Papa ile birlikte, 1000 civarında yabancı
gazeteci de Türkiye’ye geldi. CNN, BBC, NBC, Sky News, USA Today gibi haber
kanalları ziyareti flaş haber olarak duyurdu... Alman TV kanalları
“N24” ve “N-TV”, Başbakan Erdoğan ile yaptığı
görüşmeyi haber bül canlı olarak verdi.
Haber: Zeynep
Gürcanlı, Hale Gönültaş, Ömür Ünver, Murat Gürgen
Foto: Ateş Tümer, Özer Şendir
Bardakoğlu,
dünyaya mesaj verdi: İslamophobia tırmandırılıyor
|
|
Diyanet
İşleri Başkanı Prof. Ali Bardakoğlu,
Papa ile yaptığı görüşmede, tüm İslam
dünyasında sert tepkiye yol açan Papa’nın
Regensburg’taki sözlerine yanıt verdi ve “İslamiyet
kılıçla yayılmadı” dedi
|
|
|
Papa 16. Benedict
ile Diyanet İşleri Başkanı Ali Bardakoğlu Ankara’da
40 dakika görüştü. Kardinaller ve Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı
üst düzey yetkililerinin de katıldığı görüşme
sonrasında Papa ve Diyanet İşleri Başkanı, ortak bir açıklama
yaptı. Bardakoğlu konuşmasına, ‘Bismillahirrahmanirrahim,
tüm resullere selam ve salavat olsun’ diyerek başladı. Bardakoğlu,
konuşmasında Papa’nın tüm Müslümanların tepkisini çeken
sözlerine 4 başlık altında yanıt verdi:
İSLAM KILIÇLA YAYILMADI
Biz Müslümanlar, şiddet ve terörün her türlüsünü, kime karşı
ve kim tarafından işlenirse işlensin, kınıyor ve onu
insanlık suçu görüyoruz. Ne var ki, son dönemlerde İslam dininin
tarihi ve kaynaklarıyla şiddeti içerip teşvik ettiği,
İslam’ın yeryüzüne kılıçla yayıldığı,
Müslümanların potansiyel şiddet uygulayıcıları olduğu
anlayışını ifade eden ‘İslamophobia’nın
giderek tırmandığını hep birlikte görüyoruz. Bilimsel
ve tarihsel hiçbir araştırmaya dayanmayan, adalet ve insaf ölçüleriyle
de bağdaşmayan bu itham ve iddialardan, adını barıştan
alan İslam’ın her mensubunun son derece müteessir ve müşteki
olduğunu ilan etmek isterim.
İSLAMİYET AKLI DIŞLAMAZ
Bizim dinimiz, kendisinden önceki ilahi dinlerin hakikatlerini kabul eder;
peygamberler arasında ayrım yapmayı reddeder. İslam’ın
temel esasları ve iç kategorileri, teorik ve pratik alanda aklı kıstas
olarak belirlemiştir.
DİN ADAMLARI YARGILAMAMALI
Farklı din ve inanç mensupları, birbirlerinin dinlerini onaylamaya ve
yargılamaya gerek duymaksızın, bir araya gelerek konuşabilmeli
ve in-sanlığın karşı karşıya olduğu
sorunların çözümünde ortaklaşa gayret gösterebilmelidir. Ayrıca
hiç kimse bu ortak çabayı ve iletişim zeminini kendi dinine taraftar
bulmak veya kendi din mensuplarının önünü açmak için bir araç
olarak da kullanmamalıdır. Dini liderler, inançlarını üstün
gösterme gayretine girmeden insanlığın sorunlarına çözüm
aramalıdır.
TARİHİ KORKULARIN ESİRİ OLMAYIN
Ön yargıların, önemli ölçüde tarihsel korku ve kaygılardan
besleniyor. Özellikle biz dini liderlerin ve dini kurumların bu korku ve
kaygılara dayalı ön yargıların esiri olmaması ve sağduyulu
davranması, evrensel barış ve huzurun tesisinde esastır.
UYUŞTURUCU VE ALKOL
“Dünyamız, aile değerlerinde hızla gerilemenin; başta uyuşturucu,
fuhuş ve alkol olmak üzere zararlı alışkanlıklar ve
salgın hastalıklar gibi birçok tehlikenin tehdidi altındadır.
Bunlarla mücadelede, inanç ve dini terbiyenin önemli bir rolü vardır.”
Haçsız
sefer
Papa 16'ncı Benedict, Türkiye'ye ayak basarken
ve Anıtkabir'e çıkarken haçını sakladı, İslam'la
barışma mesajları verdi.
Haç palto altında
Katoliklerin ruhani lideri Papa, Türkiye ziyaretine verdiği önemi ilk
adımda gösterdi. Önceki Papa'nın tersine Benedict, haçını
paltonun altından çıkarmadı. Papa, Erdoğan'la görüşmesinde
İslam'dan çok olumlu ifadelerle söz etti.
Yurtta, Dünyada Barış
PAPA, yine haçını göstermeden çıktığı AnıtkabirPapa
16'ncı Benedict, Türkiye'ye ayak basarken ve Anıtkabir'e çıkarken
haçını sakladı, İslam'la barışma mesajları
verdi ziyaretinde Atatürk için dua etti ve özel deftere "Yurtta barış,
dünyada barış" diye yazdı. Vatikan çevreleri Papa'nın
haç göstermeme hassasiyetini doğrulayarak "Laik Cumhuriyet'in
kurucusuna saygı olarak yaptı" dediler.
"Yüzde 95'i Müslüman"
Başbakan Erdoğan'ın Papa ile görüşmesinden sonra Türkiye
için "Nüfusunun yüzde 95'i gibi bir oranı Müslüman ülke"
demesi yeni polemik doğurdu. Şimdiye kadar hep "Yüzde 99'u Müslüman
ülke" deniyordu.
Laiklik yeniden tanımlansın
Papa, Ankara yolunda laik Türkiye ve Avrupa yerine,
geleneklere dayanan Hıristiyan Avrupa ile Müslüman Türkiye ilişkisinin
yararına özel vurgu yaptı.
Vatikan'ın devlet başkanı Papa
16. Benedict'in Türkiye'ye yaptığı tarihi ziyaret dün başkent
Ankara'da başladı. Papa, Roma Leonardo Da Vinci Havaalanı'ndan Türkiye
saatiyle 10.00'da Alitalia'ya ait Airbus 321 ile hareket etti. Papa'ya beş
kardinalin de yer aldığı 30 kişilik Vatikan delegasyonu ve
66 kişilik seçkin bir basın grubu eşlik etti. Aralarında
CNN, CBS, Le Mondei, El Pais, AP, AFP gibi dünyanın önde gelen basın
yayın organlarının seçilerek alındığı Papalık
uçağında Türkiye'den bir tek SABAH yer aldı. Papa, bir kadın
pilotun kullandığı Airbus 321'e hareket etmeden beş dakika
önce bindi ve öncelikli gazetecilerin bulunduğu bölüme gelerek teşekkür
etti. Papa seyahatin amacının "diyalog, kardeşlik, barışma,
dinler ve kültürlerin buluşması için kültürler arası anlayış"
olduğunu söyledi.
LAİKLİK VE LAİSİZM
Gazeteciler Papa'ya Türkiye seyahatiyle ilgili olarak önemli sorular yönelttiler.
Papa kendisine yöneltilen sorular arasında en ilginç yanıtı
"Avrupa ve Türkiye'de laiklik teması" üzerine verdi. Papa
"sağlıklı laiklik" ve "laisizm" arasındaki
farka dikkat çekerek "geleneksel değerlerin kamu alanından dışlanmasının
doğru olmadığını" vurguladı. Hiçbir kağıda
bakmadan konuşan Papa 16. Benedict "Avrupalı bir ulus olmak
isteyen, gerilim ve umut dolu bir ülkeye gidiyorsunuz. Avrupa Türkiye'ye yardım
edebilir mi? Dini, kültürel kimliklere saygılı daha bilinçli bir
entegrasyondan söz edilebilir mi?" sorusuna öncelikle Atatürk'ün modern
Türkiye'yi kurarken model olarak Fransız Anayasası'nı aldığını
hatırlatarak yanıt verdi. Papa "Modern Türkiye'nin orijininde
Avrupa aklı, düşüncesi ve yaşam stili ile diyalog var"
dedi. Ancak bu noktada 16. Benedict Avrupa ve Türkiye arasındaki din ve
tarihi bağlar farkına da dikkat çekti.Papa
"Avrupa aklı ve Türk Müslüman geleneği arasındaki diyalog
modern Türkiye'nin varoluşunda yazılı ve bu anlamda birbirimize
karşı sorumluluklarımız var" dedi.
KAMUSAL ALAN
Papa konuşmalarında "laiklik" temasını
dikkatle ele aldı. Avrupa'da "sağlıklı bir
laiklik" ve "laisizm" tartışması olduğunu ve
bunun Türkiye ile diyalogda önemli bulduğunu vurgulayan Papa,
"Laisizm, kamu hayatını geleneklerin her birinden dışlayan
bir anlayış, çıkışı olmayan bir sokaktır"
dedi. Papa laikliğin yeniden tanımlanması gerektiği üstünde
ısrarla durarak laikliğin temelinde dini değerlerin olması
gerektiğini savundu. Kamu alanı ve din arasındaki fark, otonomi,
tutarlılık ve ortak sorumluluğun altını çizen Papa bütün
bunların altındaki değerlerin orijininin ise din olduğunu söyledi.
Papa "Biz Avrupalılar bizim laik ve laisist aklımızı
yeniden ele almalıyız. Türkiye'de kendi tarihinden, orijininden
hareketle laiklik ve gelenek arasındaki bağı gelecek için nasıl
inşa etmesi gerektiğini düşünmeli" dedi.
YENİ İTTİFAK ÖNERİSİ
Papa'nın Türkiye'de laiklik nasıl olmalı ve Avrupa laikliği
üzerine düşünceleri uçaktaki basın mensuplarının ilginç
yorumlarına yol açtı. Yabancı basında Papa'nın bu konuşması
16. Benedict'in geleneklere dayalı, Hıristiyan bir Avrupa'nın
geleneksel Müslüman Türkiye ile diyalogunu, bugünkü anlamda laik Avrupa'nın
laik Türkiye'yle diyaloguna tercih ettiği yorumlarına yol açtı.
Avrupa'yı entegre bir Türkiye yerine kendi Müslüman kimliğini güçlendirmiş
Türkiye'nin Avrupa'da çekirdek Hıristiyan ülkelerin yer alacağı
birinci halkaya bağlı, ikinci bir halkada yer alması, Vatikan'ın
Türkiye üzerine son günlerde yaptığı dış politik açılımlarına
da uyuyor. Genel kanı Vatikan'ın Avrupa ve Türkiye'de yeni bir
laiklik tanımı arayışı ile Türkiye'deki İslami çevrelere
"yeni bir ittifak önerisi" getirdiği şeklinde yorumlanıyor.
YASEMİN TAŞKIN
www.sabah.com.tr
Papa’dan özür gibi sözler
29 Kasım 2006 www.hurriyet.com.tr
Papa,
Almanya’daki İslam’a yönelik eleştiriler içeren konuşmasının
"Özrü" olarak kabul edilebilecek değerlendirmelerde bulundu.
Papa, "İslam barış dinidir. Özü akıl ve bilimle yoğrulmuştur.
Bütün ilahi dinler gibi İslam da barış getirmiştir. Öğretileri
de hem akli hem de barış temelleri üzerine kuruludur" dedi. Papa
şunları söyledi:
MEMNUNUM
Benim için burada bulunmak, Türk halkının yaratıcılığına
yakından tanıklık etmek büyük memnuniyettir. Dini tarihinize
tanıklık etmek benim için memnuniyet verici.
RAB GÖNDERDİ
23. Yuhanna’nın İstanbul’da Papalık temsilcisi yerine
getirirken duygularını şu sözlerle ifade etmişti: Ben
Türkleri seviyorum, Rab beni onlara gönderdi. Bu halkın doğal
niteliklerini takdir ediyorum. Bu toplumda medeniyetlerin kat ettiği
yollarda bir yere sahiptir’. Ben de Türk Ulusunun nitelikli bir ulus, bir
halk olduğunun altını çizmeyi arzuluyorum.
ORTAK YOL
Hıristiyanların ve Müslümanların her biri kendi dini
geleneklerine göre İbrahim’e bağlı, tek Allah’a inanan
ailenin fertleridir. Köklerimiz ve kaderimizle manevi insani bir birliğe
sahip olan bizler çağımızın özelliği olan temel değerler
arayışında, ortak yol bulmaya teşvik ediliyoruz.
İslamofobiden rahatsızız
DİYANET İşleri Başkanı Ali Bardakoğlu, Papa
16. Benedikt ile 30 dakika olarak planlanan ancak 40 dakika süren görüşmeden
sonra ortak basın açıklamasında, dünyada giderek tırmanan
İslamofobiye dikkat çekerek "Bundan rahatsızız" dedi.
Bardakoğlu şunları söyledi:
TERÖRE KARŞIYIZ
Biz Müslümanlar, şiddet ve terörün her türlüsünü, kime karşı
ve kim tarafından işlenirse işlensin, bir insanlık suçu
olarak görüyoruz. Bizler, masum bir insanın kanını dökmeyi
bütün insanları öldürme gibi ağır bir suç ve günah sayan
bir dine mensubuz.
İSLAMOFOBİ TIRMANIYOR
Son dönemlerde İslam’ın şiddeti teşvik ettiği,
yeryüzüne kılıçla yayıldığı, Müslümanların
potansiyel şiddet uygulayıcıları olduğu anlayışını
ifade eden İslamofobi’nin giderek tırmandığını
hep birlikte müşahede ediyoruz.
ŞİKAYETÇİYİZ
Adalet ve insaf ölçüleriyle de bağdaşmayan bu itham ve
iddialardan adını barıştan alan İslam’ın her
mensubunun son derece müteessir ve müşteki olduğunu ilan etmek
isterim.
Pasaportsuz giriş yaptı
ÜLKELER ÜSTÜ
Dini konumundan ötürü ülkeler üstü bir kişi kabul edilen Papa 16.Benedikt,
diğer ülkelere olduğu gibi Türkiye’ye de pasaportsuz geldi. Eşlik
eden din adamları ve diğer heyet üyeleri ise pasaportla girdi.
TRT YAYINI
Ziyaret dünyada TRT aracılığıyla izlendi. Ancak dünya,
Anıtkabir’de Atatürk’ün mozolesi önünde saygı duruşunda
bulunan ve dua eden Papa’nın görüntüsünü, TRT kamerasının
yanlış açıda olması nedeniyle izleyemedi. Saygı duruşunda
görüntüde, töreni yöneten asker ve onun ardında sadece kulağı
görünen bir Papa ve heyet vardı.
EL CEZİRE VERDİ
Ziyaret, "Arap dünyasının CNN’i" olarak
nitelendirilen El Cezire televizyonu da canlı olarak yayınladı.
Alman özel televizyon kanalları "N24" ve "N-TV",
havalimanındaki görüşmeyi canlı olarak verdi.
2065 GAZETECİ
Tarihi ziyareti izlemek için Ankara’dan 458, İstanbul’dan 477 ve
İzmir’den 124, toplam 1059 yerli, Ankara’dan 344, İstanbul’dan
575 ve İzmir’den 16 toplam 935 yabancı gazeteci akredite oldu.
Papayla birlikte de 71 gazeteci geldi.
EKÜMENİK PATRİK
Fener Rum Patrikhanesi, Papa’nın ziyaretiyle ilgili hazırladığı
internet sitesi www.patriarchate.org
da ve tüm yazılı dökümanlarda "Archbishop of Constantinople,
New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch" (Konstantinopol ve Yeni Roma’nın
Başpiskoposu Ekümenik Patrik) sıfatını kullandı.
Ayetli vazo
DİYANET İşleri Başkanı Prof. Dr. Ali Bardakoğlu,
Papa 16. Benedikt ile gerçekleşen tarihi buluşmasında kendisine
üzerinde "Allah yerin ve göklerin nurudur" ayeti kerimesi yazılı
Paşabahçe koleksiyon serisinden bir vazo hediye etti. Yaklaşık
40 dakika süren görüşme sırasında Papa ise Bardakoğlu’na
İtalya’nın Başkenti Roma’da bulunan ve Roma İmparatorluğu’nun
en önemli yapıtları arasında sayılan collesiumun resmedildiği
bir tablo hediye etti.
Olağanüstü koruma
PAPA için alınan güvenlik önlemleri, ABD Başkanı
Bush’un gezisi ve 2004’teki NATO zirvesi sırasında alınan
önlemleri aratmadı. Esenboğa girişinde otomobil didik didik
arandı. İzin verilen araçlar, yaklaşık 500 metre sonra
ikinci aramadan geçti. Apronda özel harekat timleri görev alırken,
havadan bir helikopter de güvenlik uçuşu yaptı. Kamera ve diğer
cihazlar, ’Tara’ adlı polis köpeğince kontrol edildi.
İslam barış ve akıl dini
29 Kasım 2006 www.hurriyet.com.tr
Turan YILMAZ, Uğur ERGAN, Süleyman DEMİRKAN, Okan KONURALP, Arda AKIN
- Fotoğraflar: Fahir ARIKAN, Selçuk ŞENYÜZ, Volkan YILDIRIM
Papa 16. Benedikt, daha önce büyük tepki çeken sözlerinin aksine "İslam
barış dinidir. Akıl ve bilimle yoğrulmuştur" dedi.
Türkiye’nin AB üyeliği konusunda mesafeli olan Papa, "Farklı
medeniyetlerin, inanç ve kültürlerin birlikte yaşaması için
Türkiye’yi AB ile birlikte görmek isteriz" diye konuştu. Başbakan
Erdoğan’ın Trabzon’da öldürülen Rahip Santoro için başsağlığı
dileğinde bulunması üzerine Papa şunları söyledi:
"Münferit bir olay. Fanatizmin bir dine mal edilmesi yanlıştır."
PAPA 16. Benedikt, tarihi Türkiye ziyaretine AB jestiyle başladı.
Kardinalken Türkiye’nin AB üyeliğine olumsuz bakışıyla
tanınan Papa, hem Cumhurbaşkanı Ahmet Necdet Sezer, hem de Başbakan
Tayyip Erdoğan’la yaptığı görüşmede, Türkiye’nin
AB üyeliği konusunda bilinen tavrından farklı bir tutum
sergiledi. Papa, Sezer’e "Türkiye’nin AB’de yeri vardır"
derken, Erdoğan’a da "Farklı medeniyetlerin, inanç ve
kültürlerin birlikte yaşaması için Türkiye’yi AB ile birlikte
görmek isteriz" vurgusunu yaptı. Diyanet İşleri’ne yaptığı
ziyarette, Almanya’daki İslam dünyasını ayağa kaldıran
açıklamalarının "Özrü" olarak kabul edilebilecek değerlendirmelerde
bulundu. İslamı, "Barış dini" olarak nitelendiren
Papa, "İslam barış dinidir. Özü akıl ve bilimle yoğrulmuştur.
Bütün ilahi dinler gibi İslam da barış getirmiştir. Öğretileri
de hem akli hem de barış temelleri üzerine kuruludur" dedi.
SEZER’LE GÖRÜŞME
Sezer: Türkiye
Cumhuriyeti’nin çağdaşlaşma politikası istikametinde
Avrupa’nın yeri vardır. Türkiye’nin Avrupa ile bütünleşmesini,
barış ve uygarlık yolunda önemli bir proje olarak görüyoruz.
Türkiye’nin AB üyeliği farklı inança sahip insanların ortak
değerler çerçevesinde yaşayabileceğini gösterecektir. AB bu
süreçte Türkiye’ye haksızlık ve ayrımcılık
yapmamalıdır.
Papa: Hoşgörüyle ilgili görüşlerinize aynen katılıyorum.
İnanç özgürlüğü de çok önemli. Türkiye’nin AB’de yeri vardır.
Bizim ortak değerlerimiz var. Bu ortak değerlerimizi korumak aynı
zamanda bizler için birer görev olmalıdır.
Sezer: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin laik bir ülke olduğu anayasa ile
belirlenmiştir. Laiklikle ilgili bu yasa, Türkiye’de din ve inanç
özgürlüğünün anayasal güvence altında olduğunu ortaya
koymaktadır. Farklı inançlara sahip insanların demokratik temel
hak ve özgürlüklerden en iyi şekilde yararlanabileceğinin anayasal
güvencesidir.
Papa: Bu düşüncelerinize de katılıyorum.
Sezer: AB sürecinde, Kıbrıs önemli bir konudur. Kıbrıslı
Türklere büyük haksızlık yapılıyor. Kıbrıs
Türklerinin ambargolar, izolasyonlar altında ezilmesi kabul edilecek bir
durum değildir.
Papa: Kıbrıs izahatınız için teşekkür ederim.
Sayın Papadopulos bana Kıbrıs’ta yaşananlarla ilgili bir
kitap verdi. Maalesef savaşlarda oluyor böyle şeyler. Camiler,
kiliseler yakılıyor. Bunu Hıristiyan da, Müslüman da yapıyorsa
çok yanlış bir şeydir. Dini mekanlar korunmalıdır.
Sezer: Ben de size Kıbrıslı Türklerin o dönem yaşadıklarını
ortaya koyan iki kitap vermek istiyorum. Umarım bu kitapları inceler,
değerlendirmelerinizi yaparsınız.
ERDOĞAN’LA GÖRÜŞME
Erdoğan: Türkiye’ye hoşgeldiniz. Sizin ziyaretinize çok
büyük önem veriyoruz. Bundan dolayı, NATO Zirvesi’ne gidişimi
sizin Türkiye’ye geliş saatinize denk getirmeyi uygun buldum.
Papa: Çok naziksiniz. Teşekkür ederim.
Erdoğan: Medeniyetlerarası çatışmanın
önlenmesi için Türkiye olarak önemli görevler üstlendiğimiz bir
dönemde gelmeniz ayrı bir anlam taşıyor. İspanya Başbakanı
ile medeniyetler ittifakı için bir sonuç deklarasyonu hazırladık.
Başta siyasiler olmak üzere kanaat önderleri ile dini liderlerin söz ve
davranışlarıyla medeniyetler ittifakına katkıda
bulunmaları lazım. Türkiye’nin AB üyeliği medeniyetler
ittifakı için iyi bir mesajdır.
Papa: Türkiye olarak üstlendiğiniz çalışmaları
çok önemsiyoruz. Medeniyetler ittifakı sonuç deklarasyonunu görmek
isterim.
Erdoğan: Size en kısa sürede ulaştıracağım.
Türkiye’nin ve hükümetimizin temel siyaseti AB’ye tam üyeliktir.
İşte bu çerçevede AB’ye üyeliğimiz için desteğinizi
bekliyoruz.
Papa: Biz siyasi bir kurum değiliz. Türkiye’yi desteklemek için
siyasi manevra alanımız bulunmuyor. Ama medeniyetler ittifakı
çerçevesinde farklı inanç ve kültürlerin birlikte yaşaması
için Türkiye’yi AB ile birlikte görmek isteriz.
Erdoğan: Rahip Santoro cinayeti bizi derinden yaraladı.
Papa: Her toplumda görülebilen fanatizmin bir dine mal edilmesi yanlıştır.
Münferit bir olay olarak görüyoruz.
Dünyada manşet
KATOLİK dünyasının ruhani lideri Papa 16. Benedikt’in,
aylardır merakla beklenen 4 günlük resmi Türkiye ziyareti dünyan basının
da manşetine çıktı. Papa Ankara’dayken saat 15.00 itibariyle ,
tüm TV kanalları ve gazetelerin internet sitelerinde aynı haber yer
aldı.
Kıyafetleriyle
mesaj verdi
Papa 16. Benedictus, Ankara ziyaretinde farklı kıyafetlerle dikkat çekti.
Havalanında Başbakan Erdoğan'la görüşürken ve Anıtkabir'i
ziyaret ederken kemik rengi bir redingot giyen ve geleneksel takkesini (pileolum)
takan Papa, boynundaki büyük haçı da paltosunun üzerine çıkarmadı.
Papa Köşk'e gelirken de, kırmızı
kadife pelerinle fildişi bir kıyafeti tercih etti. Papalığı
simgeleyen motifler taşıyan ipek atkı kullanan Papa, boynundaki
haçı bu kez kıyafetinin üzerine taktı.
Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı'na
giderken kırmızı pelerinini çıkaran Papa'nın tercih
ettiği kıyafetin rengi, Hristiyanlar için farklı mesajlar taşıyor.
Açık renk kıyafet Aziz Paul'un Romalılara mektubundaki,
"Yeni bir şekilde yaşayın, yeni bir şekilde İsa'yı
giyinin" sözlerine dayanıyor. Vaftiz rengi olan beyaz, İsa'nın
saflığını temsil ediyor.
Mor kıyafet Noel'de giyiliyor. "Hatasından
dolayı pişman olanları itirafa davet" anlamına geliyor.
Kırmızı kıyafet Kutsal Ruh'u, iman şehitlerini ve Hıristiyanlık
için dökülmüş kanları temsil ediyor. Günlük yeşil kıyafet
de ayinlerde tercih ediliyor.
"En şık giyinen Papa" olarak
adlandırılan 16. Benedictus'un kıyafetlerinin büyük bölümünü
Roma’daki Gammarelli Şirketi'nin terzileri dikiyor. Papa'nın 45
numara olan kırmızı ayakkabılarının markası
da Prada.
29.11.06 www.milliyet.com.tr
Papa'nın
Türkiye ziyareti manşetlerde... İşte başlıklar
DHA, BBC TÜRKÇE
Papa 16. Benediktus'un Türkiye ziyareti
İngiltere basınında geniş yer buldu. Hemen her gazete,
ziyaretin ilk gününde yaşanan iki gelişmeyi öne çıkarıyor.
Bunlardan biri Papa'nın, Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği üyeliği
konusunda dile getirdiği olumlu görüşler. Diğeri ise Diyanet
İşleri Başkanı Ali Bardakoğlu'nun, 16. Benediktus'un
İslamiyet ile ilgili sözlerine yanıtı.
Corriere
Della Sera: Papa’dan Ankara’ya AB için 'Evet'
Papa 16. Benediktus’un uzun süredir
gerginlikle beklenen Türkiye ziyareti bugün İtalya’nın manşetine
oturdu. Tüm İtalyan gazeteleri Papa’nın Türkiye ziyaretini manşetlerine
taşırken, genel anlamda Papa’nın Başbakan Recep Tayyip
Erdoğan ve Diyanet İşleri Başkanı Ali Bardakoğlu
ile görüşmeleri ön plana çıkartıldı.
Ülkede en çok okunan Corriere Della Sera
Gazetesi, "Papa Avrupa’daki Türkiye’yi açtı" dedi. Haberin
devamında "Papa’dan Ankara’ya AB için Evet" başlığı
altında, görüşmelerin Atatürk portresi önünde yapıldığına
dikkat çekilerek, "Papa, Erdoğan ve Bardakoğlu’yla Atatürk’ün
hatırası önünde görüştü" ifadesine yer veridi. Erdoğan’ın
Papa’yı karşılayarak aradaki çatlakları giderdiği
belirtildi.
La
Repubblica: Papa, İslam ile diyalog
La Repubblica Gazetesi’nde , "Papa; İslam
ile diyalog" başlığı altında yeralan haberde,
Papa’nın Erdoğan’la tokalaşma fotoğrafına yer
verilirken, Erdoğan’ın görüşmenin ardından,
"Kendisi bizi AB’de istiyor" şeklinde açıklamada bulunduğu,
Ali Bardakoğlu’nun da dinlerarası saygıyı vurguladığı
belirtildi. Papa’nın "Türkleri seviyorum" sözlerine dikkat çekilirken,
haberin devamında ziyaretin çok olumlu bir hava içinde başladığı,
ancak gelecek 48 saatin önemli olduğu vurgulandı.
Gazetede ayrıca bir sayfasını
Papa’nın ziyaret edeceği Ayasofya’nın tanıtımına
ayırdı. Bu bölümde yapılan yorumda ise, Ayasofya’nın
binlerce tuzağı olduğu iddia edilerek, "Radikal İslam
sudan bahaneler arıyor. Papa diz çökecek mi" ifadesi yeraldı.
İl
Manifesto: Papa Türkiye'yi kucakladı
La Stampa gazetesinde "Papa; İslam’a
saygı duyuyorum" başlığıyla verilen haberde, ancak
inanç özgürlüğünün olması gerektiği ve AB için çalışmaların
hızlandırılması gerektiği vurgulandı. Haberde ayrıca
Ayasofya ve Sultanahmet Camii’nin maket fotoğrafları yayınlandı.
l’Unita gazetesinde "İslam, Papa diyalog kapısını açtı"
manşetiyle duyrulan haberde, "Ankara, Papa ve Büyük Müftü (Diyanet
İşleri Başkanı) barış yaptı" ifadesi
kullanıldı. Haberde ayrıca Türkiye’de 72 miyon 70 bin kişi
yaşadığı ve bunlardan 3 bin 200’ünün Katolik olduğu
belirtildi. İl Manifesto gazetesinde "Papa Türkiye’yi kucakladı"
başlığıyla verilen haberde, "Papa sözlerine Atatürk
ile başladı ama sonra konuyu inanç özgürlüğüne getirdi. Bugün
de Ortodokslarla görüşecek" dendi.
Vatikan yayın organı L’Osservatore
Romano gazetesinde ise "Papa Türkiye’de" başlığıyla
verilen haberde, "16. Benediktus’un soylu kültür zenginliğine yaptığı
tarihi ziyaret Hıristiyanlar için çok değerli" yorumu yapıldı.
Guardian:
Papa özür dilemedi ama...
"Papa Müslüman bir ülkeye ilk
ziyaretinde, özür dilemedi ancak köprüler kurmaya çalıştı"
başlığını kullanan Guardian, 16. Benediktus'un Ankara
temaslarını şöyle özetliyor:
Papa kısa zamanda oluşturduğu
İslamofobi izlenimini dün yıkmaya çalışarak, Hristiyanlar
ile Müslümanlar arasında karşılıklı saygıya
dayalı yeni ve gerçek bir diyalog süreci başlatılması çağrısında
bulundu.
Eylül ayında Almanya'da yaptığı
ve İslam'ı kötü ve insanlık dışı bir din olarak
tanımladığı konuşmadan dolayı özür dilemedi.
Bunun yerine Türkiye'ye methiyeler düzmeyi tercih etti ve Hristiyanlar ile Müslümanların,
aynı Tanrı'ya inananların oluşturduğu bir ailenin
mensupları olduğunu vurguladı.
Ayrıca Papa olarak ilk kez, Türkiye'nin
Avrupa Birliği'ne katılma çabalarına desteğini dile
getirdi."
Daily Telegraph: Papa Müslümanların öfkesini
yatıştırmaya çalıştı
Daily Telegraph'ın başlığı,
"Papa Müslümanların öfkesini yatıştırmaya çalıştı"
şeklinde. 16. Benediktus'un diyalog çağrısı yaptığını,
ancak Diyanet İşleri Başkanı Ali Bardakoğlu tarafından,
daha önceki sözleri nedeniyle 'azarlandığını' belirten
gazete şöyle devam ediyor:
"Bardakoğlu İslam'ın engin hoşgörüsünden
sözedip, İslam'ın şiddete eğilimli bir din olduğunu
savunanların, aşırı uçların öfkesine yeni gerekçeler
sağlamaktan öteye geçemeyeceğini söylediğinde, Papa'nın
rahatsız olduğu görüldü.
Vatikan ise bu hamlenin etkilerini hafifletmek
istercesine, Bardakoğlu'nun yapıcı ve saygılı davrandığı,
ortada bir anlaşmazlık bulunmadığı şeklinde bir açıklama
yaptı. Vatikan ayrıca, Papa'ın bu ziyaret ile, daha önceki açıklamalarının
yarattığı hasarı tamir etmeyi amaçladığını
da açıkça dile getirdi.
Papa, emrivakiye ustalıklı manevrayla
karşılık verdi
Papa'nın ziyaretine iki tam sayfa ayıran
Independent, 16. Benediktus'un Ankara temaslarının ayrıntılı
bir analizine yer vermiş. Papa'nın burada ciddi bir emrivaki ile karşılaştığının
altını çizen gazete, Vatikan'ın buna ustalıklı bir
manevra ile karşılık verdiğini vurguluyor.
"Türkiye Başbakanı Recep Tayyip
Erdoğan Papa ile görüşmesinden sonra yaptığı açıklamada,
kendisinden Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği'ne girme çabalarına destek
vermesini istediğini duyurdu.
"Oysa herkes biliyordu ki Papa, henüz
Kardinal Joseph Ratzinger olduğu günlerde, Müslüman olması
Hristiyan Avrupa ile tezat oluşturduğundan, Türkiye'nin üyeliğine
şiddetle karşı olduğunu açıklamıştı.
"Buna rağmen Başbakan, 'Peki Papa
bu konuda yardım edecek mi?' sorusunu havada kaptı ve 'Evet' dedi.
Peki Papa gerçekten böyle mi demişti? Hazırlıksız
yakalanan Vatikan'ın, kendi açıklamasını hazırlaması
üç saat sürdü.
Sonunda sözcüsü şu açıklamayı
yaptı; 'Papa'nın bu konuda devreye girecek ne gücü, ne de siyasi görevi
vardır. Ancak kendisi buna olumlu bakıyor ve Türkiye'nin ortak değerler
temelinde Avrupa Birliği'nde yer alması için diyaloğu
destekliyor.' Bu yanıt, Papa'yı daha önce dile getirdiği görüşlere
ters düşmekten kurtararak, her iki şekilde de yorumlanabilecek bir
belirsizlik doğurdu."
Independent: Bardakoğlu'nun sözlerine yanıt
vermedi
Independent, Papa'nın Diyanet İşleri
Başkanı Ali Bardakoğlu'nun sözleri karşısında da
yanıt vermemeyi, diplomatik bir üslup takınmayı tercih ettiğine
dikkat çekiyor ve gezinin ilk gününde korkulanın olmadığı
sonucuna varıyor.
Gazete, ziyaretin devamına ilişkin ise
şu satırlara yer vermiş:
"Paranoyaklar ve tetik şeklinde kıvrılmış
parmakları seğirenler, Papa'nın önümüzdeki üç günde neler
yapacağı konusunda diken üstünde olacaklar.
"Ermeniler ile görüşmesinde soykırım
meselesini gündeme getirecek mi? Ortodoks Patriği ile görüşmesinde,
Avrupa'da son derece zararsız, ama bu topraklarda Bizans'ı yeniden
yaratma çabası ile eşanlamlı olan ekümenik kelimesini
kullanacak mı? Ayasofya'ya girerken, istavroz çıkaracak mı?"
Times: İlk gün sakin geçti
İngiliz gazeteleri, Papa 16. Benediktus'un Türkiye
ziyaretinin ilk gününden bu notları öne çıkarırken yoğun
güvenlik önlemlerine de dikkat çekiyorlar. Ziyaretin Ankara ayağının
bu anlamda sakin geçtiğini vurgulayan gazetelerden biri de Times.
"Ankara'daki hava oldukça ılımlıydı.
Ziyaret ile ilgili olarak son günlerde yapılan protesto gösterileri ve
saldırı tehditlerine rağmen, Ankara sokaklarında göstericilere
rastlanmadı. Bunun bir nedeni, son derece yoğun güvenlik önlemleriydi.
"Papa Ankara'da, kalın ve beyaz bir
palto giydi. Vatikan yetkilileri, bunun altında kurşun geçirmez yelek
olup olmadığı sorularını yanıtsız bıraktı."
En ruhani destek: Türkiye'nin yeri AB
Papa'yı Çankaya'nın kapısında karşılayan
Sezer, Türkiye'nin AB üyeliği ve Kıbrıs sorununun çözümü
için destek istedi. FOTOĞRAF: TOLGA AKINER
|
Daha önce Türkiye'nin AB üyeliğine karşı ifadeler kullanan
Papa, Erdoğan'a Türkiye'nin AB'ye girmesini arzu ettiğini söyledi,
Sezer'e 'Yeriniz AB'dir' dedi
29/11/2006
HİLAL KÖYLÜ , TOLGA AKINER
AB sürecinde sürpriz mesaj
ANKARA - Vatikan Devlet Başkanı ve Katolik dünyasının
ruhani lideri Papa 16. Benediktus'un Ankara ziyareti Esenboğa Havalimanı'ndaki
'AB desteği' sürpriziyle başladı. Başbakan Tayyip Erdoğan,
Başbakan olduğundan beri bir ilke imza attı ve Papa'yı uçağının
kapısında karşıladı. Havaalanındaki 20 dakikalık
görüşmenin en dikkat çekici diyaloğu ise Erdoğan'ın
"AB konusunda desteğinizi bekliyoruz" sözlerine Papa'nın
"Türkiye'nin AB'ye girmesini arzu ederiz" oldu.
23 dakikalık görüşme
Papa'yı taşıyan İtalyan Havayolları'na ait uçak dün
Esenboğa Havalimanı'na 13.00'te geldi. Cumhurbaşkanı Ahmet
Necdet Sezer'in resmi davetlisi Papa, uçağın kapısında
bizzat Erdoğan tarafından karşılandı. Papa ile Erdoğan'ın
havaalanındaki görüşmesi 23 dakika sürdü. Papa, Türkiye'de
bulunmaktan duyduğu memnuniyeti dile getirirken "Türk kültürünü
seviyorum" dedi.
'Biz siyasi değiliz ama...'
Erdoğan, Papa ile yaptığı görüşmede Papa'nın
Türkiye'nin AB üyeliği konusunda destek verdiğini açıkladı.
Bir gazetecinin 'Vatikan Türkiye'nin AB üyeliğine nasıl yaklaşıyor.
Papa'nın görüşleri nedir' sorusuna Erdoğan, "Bu soruyu ben
kendilerine soru şeklinde değil de 'AB yolunda desteklerinizi rica
ederim' diyerek aktardım. O da, 'Biliyorsunuz' dedi. 'Biz siyasi değiliz
ama bizler Türkiye'nin AB'ye girmesini arzu ederiz' diye konuştu. Bu
arzusu herhalde bizim için olumlu bir tavsiyedir" yanıtını
verdi.
'Ekümenlik sorun değil'
Erdoğan, "Batı-Doğu Roma'dan bu yana olan kilise ayrımı
var. Bu kiliselerin bir araya gelmesi, Türkiye'yi ekümenlik açısından
rahatsız eder mi?" sorusuna da şu yanıtı verdi:
"Bir defa o tabii şu anda Türkiye'nin sorunu değil. Biz küresel
barışı konuşuyoruz. Ama inanıyorum ki, küresel barış
içerisinde gerçekleşebilirse o da bir adımdır. Buyursunlar
kendi aralarında böyle bir adım atsınlar. Ama biz Türkiye
olarak rol üstlenecek değiliz."
Erdoğan şöyle devam etti: Papa'ya İslam'ın barış,
hoşgörü ve sevgi dini olduğunu belirttim. Küresel barış
ve özellikle İslam'a yönelik olumlu ifadeleri kendisinden duymuş
olmak da benim için bugünkü görüşmenin tamamıyla olumlu yansımasıdır.
Trabzon'da bir rahibin öldürülmesi nedeniyle başsağlığı
diledim. Kendileri, bunun İslam'dan kaynaklanan olay olmadığını,
münferit bir olay olduğunu söyledi. 'Ne Müslümanları ne de İslam
dünyasını bizim karalama anlayışımız olamaz' diye
düşünceleri oldu.
SERKAN DEMİRTAŞ
Sezer'e sıcak ziyaret
29. 11 .06 www.radikal.com.tr
ANKARA - Cumhurbaşkanı Ahmet Necdet Sezer, Papa 16. Benediktus'la
50 dakikalık görüşmesinde AB için destek istedi. Papa, "Türkiye'nin
yeri AB'dir" sözleriyle Başbakan Tayyip Erdoğan'a ilettiği
görüşünü Çankaya'da da yineledi. Sezer, "Türkler, Kuzey Kıbrıs'taki
dini mekânları tahrip etti" diyen Kıbrıs Rum lideri Tasos
Papadopulos'a misillemede bulunarak, Papa'ya 'Geçmişi Silmek: Rum Yönetimindeki
Türk Dini, Kültürel Mirası' adlı bir kitap hediye etti. Papa 16.
Benediktus da "İnsanlığın bu konuda daha fazla eğitilmesi
gerekir. Bunu Hıristiyan da yapsa Müslüman da yapsa yanlıştır"
dedi.
Radikal'in edindiği bilgiye göre, sıcak ve olumlu bir ortamda geçen
Sezer-Papa görüşmesinde özetle şu diyalog yaşandı:
Sezer: Türkiye kuruluşundan bu yana çağdaşlaşma
yönünde ilerlemiştir. Bu yönde Batı'yla iyi ilişkiler kurmak,
AB'yle ortak değerler çerçevesinde bütünleşmek izlenen politika
olmuştur. Türkiye'nin AB ile bütünleşmesi, farklı inanç
sahibi insanların, ortak değerler çerçevesinde bir arada yaşaması
açısından önemli bir örnek oluşturacaktır. Laik Türkiye'de
inanç ve din özgürlüğü vardır. Bunlar temel haklardır ve
anayasayla korunur.
Papa: Türkiye'nin yeri Avrupa'dır. AB'nin içinde yer alması
gerekmektedir.
Sezer: Size Kıbrıs konusunda bilgi vermek istiyorum. Kıbrıs
Türklerine büyük bir haksızlık yapılmaktadır. Kıbrıs
Türkleri, çözüm bulunması için somut iradelerini göstermişlerdir.
Buna rağmen ambargolarla karşı karşıyalardır. Türkiye
olarak biz de çözümü her zaman destekledik. Bizim için sorunun çözüm
zemini BM'dir.
Papa: Biz de Kıbrıs konusunda zeminin BM olduğunu düşünüyoruz.
Bu çerçevede çözüme dönük çabaları destekleyeceğimizi size
ifade etmek isterim.
'Rum lider yanıltıyor'
Sezer: Rum yönetiminin lideri Tasos Papadopulos'un geçen haftalarda
sizi ziyareti sırasında doğru olmayan iddiaları gündeme
getirdiğini biliyoruz. Ben de size Kıbrıs'ta dini ve kültürel
envantere ilişkin ayrıntılı bir kitap sunmak istiyorum.
Umuyorum bunu incelersiniz ve gerekli değerlendirmeyi yaparsınız.
Papa: Geçmişte Balkan Savaşın'dan başlayarak
camilerin, kiliselerin yakıldığı, tahrip edildiğini
biliyoruz. Bunlar yanlış hareketlerdir. İnsanlığın
bu konuda daha fazla eğitilmesi gerekir. Bunu Hıristiyan da yapsa Müslüman
da yapsa yanlıştır.
İzahlarınızın hepsinde sizinle mutabıkım. Ortak
değerlerimiz, çağdaşlık ve vicdan özgürlüğü gibi
konular tüm dünyanın ortak anlayışını güçlendirecektir.
Papa'ya iki kitap
Sezer, Papa'ya Sabahattin İsmail'in İngilizce yazdığı
'Sinserity V Slande On The Preservation of Cultural Heritage - Kültürel Mirasın
Korunmasında Samimiyet ve İftira' ile Lefkoşa baskılı 'Erasing
The Past: Turkish Cypriot Culture Religious Heritage Under the Control of The
Greek Cypriot Administration-Geçmişi Silmek: Rum Yönetimindeki Türk
Dini, Kültürel Mirası' kitaplarını armağan etti.
Papa Meryem Ana’da dua edecek
Geceyi Ankara’daki Vatikan Büyükelçiliği’nde geçiren Papa 16.
Benedikt, bugün İzmir Selçuk’a gidiyor. Ziyaret nedeniyle ilçede olağanüstü
güvenlik önlemleri alındı.
NTV-MSNBC
Güncelleme: 10:34 TSİ 29 Kasım 2006 Çarşamba
Papa’nın güzergahı üzerinde olan Atatürk Caddesi’nde yoğun
güvenlik önlemi alındı. Cadde üzerindeki çöp bidonları kaldırılırken
esnafla da tek tek görüşüldü.
Ekipler ayrıca ilçeye yeni yerleşenler hakkında da detaylı
bilgi aldı. Papa’ya iki zırhlı araç tahsis edildi. Güzergah
üzerindeki binalara da keskin nişancılar yerleştirildi. Papa’nın
Selçuk ziyareti boyunca yaklaşık bin polis görev yapacak.
İzmir Valisi Oğuz Kağan Köksal da dün Meryem Ana Evi’ne
giderek jandarma karakolunda son hazırlıkları gözden geçirdi.
Papa’nın Meryem Ana Evi´nde yöneteceği ayine 600 Katolik katılacak.
Ayin, sadece TRT tarafından 67 ülkeye canlı yayınlanacak.
Öğle yemeğini kardinallerle Papaz evinde yiyecek olan Papa yaklaşık
bir saat burada dinlendikten sonra İstanbul’a geçecek.
Papa İzmir'e geldi
29 Kasım, 2006 11:05:00 (TSİ)
www.cnnturk.com
|
Papa ve heyeti bugün Selçuk'taki Meryem Ana Evi'ni ziyaret edecek
|
Cumhurbaşkanı Ahmet Necdet Sezer'in resmi
davetlisi olarak dün Türkiye ziyaretine başlayan Papa 16’ncı
Benedict, bugün Ankara’dan İzmir'e gitti. Daha sonra İstanbul’a
geçecek olan Papa için, her iki kentte de yoğun güvenlik önlemleri alındı.
Ankara'daki temaslarının ardından geceyi Vatikan
Büyükelçiliği'nde geçiren Papa, bu sabah Devlet Bakanı Beşir
Atalay tarafından törenle İzmir'e uğurlandı.
Saat 08.45'te Esenboğa Havalimanı'na gelen Papa, VIP salonunda
bir süre dinlendi ve ''Başbakan ve Cumhurbaşkanı ile yaptığım
görüşmeler önemli ve olumlu geçti'' dedi.
Papa ve beraberlerindekileri taşıyan THY'ye ait 'Bodrum' adlı
uçak, saat 11.00'e doğru İzmir Adnan Menderes Havalimanı'na
geldi. Bir süre VIP salonunda dinlenen ve çay içen Papa'ya Vali Oğuz Kağan
Köksal İzmir ile ilgili bilgi verdi.
Papa, daha sonra kendisine Cumhurbaşkanlığı tarafından
tahsis edilen zırhlı araçla Selçuk'a hareket etti.
Havalimanındaki güvenlik önlemleri kapsamında, gazetecilerin
isimleri ve akreditasyon kartları kontrol edilirken, fotoğraf
makineleri ve kameraları x-ray cihazından geçirildi.
Aprona giren gazetecilerin kameraları ve fotoğraf makineleri polis
köpekleri tarafından da kontrol edildi.
Selçuk'taki Meryem Ana Kilisesi'nde ayin yönetecek olan Papa, daha sonra
İstanbul'a geçecek ve Fener Rum Patrikhanesi'ni ziyaret edecek. Papa,
Patrik Bartholomeos ile görüşecek.
Geceyi İstanbul'da geçirecek olan Papa, yarın Fener Rum
Patrikhanesi'ndeki ayine katılacak, ardından da balkondan halkı
selamlayarak, hitap edecek.
Papa, aynı gün Ayasofya Müzesi ile Sultanahmet Camisi'ni de ziyaret
edecek. 16'ncı Benedict, 1 Aralık cuma günü, İstanbul'daki Holy
Spirit Katedrali'ndeki ayini yönetecek ve öğleden sonra Türkiye'den ayrılacak.
Yarın Ayasofya Müzesi'ni ziyaret edecek olan Papa'nın, Sultanahmet
Camii'ne de gitmesi bekleniyor. Papa, İstanbul'da çeşitli din
temsilcileri ile de görüşecek.
MERYEM ANA EVİ'NDE HAZIRLIKLAR
Papa 16'ncı Benedict'in ziyaret ederek 'hacı' olacağı ve 500
Katoliğin katılacağı ayini yöneteceği Meryem Ana
Evi'nde son hazırlıklar yapıldı.
Meryem Ana Evi kilisesinin rahibi ve görevli rahibeler tüm detayları tek
tek gözden geçirirken Jandarma Komando Özel Operasyon Tabur Komutanlığı
Bomba Arama Ekibi'ne bağlı görevliler ve bomba arama köpeği
'Raks' çevreyi, ayine katılacakların oturacakları banklar ve
özellikle Papa'nın ayin sırasında oturacağı koltuğu
tekrar tekrar aradı.
Papa'nın ziyareti ve ayin için Meryem Ana Evi'nin bahçesindeki alana
banklar yerleştirilirken, Papa'nın burada bulunanlara hitap edeceği
kürsü, hazırlanan masanın çevresi, bahçe ve ayin bölümünü ayırmak
için kullanılan metal paravanların üzerleri beyaz ve sarı
renkli kurdele ve çiçeklerle süslendi.
Rahibeler dua alanında bulunan masanın üzerine beyaz mumlar yerleştirirken,
kullanılacak beyaz örtünün son ütüsünü masanın üzerine serili
durumda gerçekleştirdi.
Güvenlik önlemleri sıkı tutuluyor
Güvenlik birimleri sadece Meryem Ana Evi'nde değil Selçuk ilçesinin
tamamında yoğun güvenlik önlemleri aldı. Güzergah boyunca tüm
yollar boşaltıldı ve yol boyunca keskin nişancılar
yerleştirildi.
Ziyarette herhangi bir aksaklığın yaşanmaması için
istihbarat, terörle mücadele ve güvenlik şube müdürlüklerinden
500'ün üzerinde polisin görev alacağı belirtiliyor.
Ayine katılacak davetliler ile ayini izlemek için belirlenen sınırlı
sayıda basın mensubu Selçuk girişinde ilk kontrolden geçtikten
sonra Efes Antik Kenti'nin kapısında araçlarından indirilip isim
kontrolleri yapılıyor ve tahsis edilen özel araçlarla Meryem Ana
Evi'nin alt avlusunda bulunan otoparkta hazırlanan alana getiriliyor.
Papa'nın Meryem Ana ziyaretini izlemek için akredite olan 850 yerli ve
yabancı basın mensubu, burada kendileri için hazırlanan alanda
yalnızca Papa'nın araçtan inip Meryem Ana Evi'ne yöneleceği
birkaç dakikalık görüntüyü çekmeye çalışacak.
Uluslararası 40 haber ajansının takip ettiği Papa için
yerli yabancı çok sayıda basın kuruluşunun temsilcisi
Selçuk'ta bulunuyor. Ayin alanına girecek basın mensupları ve
davetliler ise avlunun üst tarafında bulunan son kontrol noktasında
yapılan yoğun güvenlik kontrolünün ardından özel bölüme alınıyor.
Ayine katılacak olan Katolik davetliler, ellerinde Papa'nın resimleri
ve Türk Bayrağı ile ilahiler söyleyerek ayin alanına doğru
gelmeye başladı. Sabah saatlerinde ilk olarak 'Neokatekümena
Cemaatleri' İstanbul temsilcileri ilahiler söyleyerek alana geldi.
İSTANBUL'DA DURUM
İstanbul Emniyet Müdürü Celalettin Cerrah, Papa 16’ncı
Benedict’in ziyareti süresince trafiği rahatlatmak için İstanbullular'ın
mümkün olduğunca toplu ulaşım araçlarını tercih
etmesini istedi.
Papa'nın ziyareti için alınan önlemleri yerinde görmek üzere
Atatürk Havalimanı Devlet Konukevi'nde incelemelerde bulunan Cerrah, daha
sonra beraberindekilerle birlikte bir minibüse binerek buradan hareket etti. Bu
sırada çevrede geniş güvenlik önlemleri alındığı,
keskin nişancıların da bir bina üzerinde yerlerini aldığı
görüldü.
Minibüs ve izleyen konvoy sahil yolundan hareket ederek ilk olarak Kumkapı'daki
Meryem Ana Ermeni Kilisesi'nin bulunduğu yere geldi. Burada da
yetkililerden bilgi alan Cerrah, daha sonra Ayasofya Müzesi'nin önüne ulaştı.
Bu sırada güzergah boyunca güvenlik önlemleri alındığı
ve trafik görevlilerinin de yolu açtığı görüldü. Ayrıca,
bir polis helikopteri de konvoyu havadan izledi.
Papa’nın yedek güzergahları
Sultanahmet Meydanı'na inen helikopterin pilotuyla sohbet eden Cerrah, hazırlıklara
ilişkin olarak ilgililerden bilgi aldıktan sonra gazetecilerin sorularını
yanıtladı.
Cerrah, bir soru üzerine Papa'nın İstanbul'a gelişinden sonra
izlenecek güzergaha ilişkin bilgi veremeyeceğini belirterek, ''Hangi
güzergahı kullanacağımız, geldiği gün belli olacak.
Yedek güzergahlarımız olacak” dedi.
Cerrah, bir gazetecinin olası protesto gösterilerine ilişkin sorusu
üzerine de, ''Her türlü tedbirimiz hazır" yanıtını
verdi.
Sultanahmet Camisi'ndeki hazırlıkları da denetleyen Cerrah son
olarak Fener Rum Patrikhanesi'nin bulunduğu bölgeye geçti. Buradaki hazırlıklarla
ilgili olarak da yetkililerden bilgi alan Cerrah, gazetecilerin soruları
üzerine, ''Arkadaşlarımızdan son bilgileri aldım. Dört
dörtlük tedbirlerimiz tamam'' dedi.
Papa temaslarına dün başladı
Papa 16’ncı Benedict 4 günlük Türkiye ziyaretine dün
başladı. Papa'nın ilk durağı başkent Ankara'ydı.
Başbakan Erdoğan, beklenmedik bir şekilde programının dışına
çıktı ve Papa'yı uçağın inişinde karşıladı.
Papa önce Başbakan Erdoğan'la ardından Cumhurbaşkanı
Sezer'le görüştü. Her iki görüşmede de Papa, “Türkiye'nin yeri
Avrupa Birliği’dir" mesajı verdi. Papa, Kıbrıs
sorununun çözümü için Birleşmiş Milletler’i adres gösterdi.
Papa, Diyanet İşleri Başkanı Ali Bardakoğlu ile de
makamında biraraya geldi ve “Farklılıklara saygı duymalıyız”
diyerek diyalog çağrısı yaptı.
Papa 16'ncı Benedict'in Ankara'daki ziyaretinin son durağı
Vatikan Büyükelçiliği oldu. Papa, Vatikan Büyükelçiliği’nde
çok sayıda yabancı misyon şefini kabul etti.
Papa’nın görüştüğü büyükelçiler arasında çok sayıda
Hıristiyan ülkenin büyükelçilerinin yanı sıra İslam
ülkelerinin büyükelçileri de yer aldı.
16’ıncı Benedict burada yaptığı konuşmada,
“Türkiye'nin özellikle laik rejim seçimiyle, geçen yüzyılda büyük
ve modern bir devlet olma yolunda önemli adımlar attığını”
söyledi.
Papa "Türkiye'ye yaptığım bu ziyaret vesilesiyle,
Müslümanlara büyük saygı duyduğumu tekrarlamak isterim"
ifadelerini kullandı.
Papa'dan Türkiye'ye AB desteği
Papa 16. Benedict, Türkiye ziyaretine, İslam'ın barış ve
hoşgörü dini olduğu yönünde olumlu mesajlar vererek başladı.
Papa seçilmeden önce Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği (AB) üyeliğine açıkça
karşı çıkan 16. Benedict, Başbakan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan'a,
"Türkiye'yi, AB'de görmek istiyoruz." dedi.
Erdoğan, NATO Zirvesi'ne katılmak üzere Letonya'nın başkenti
Riga'ya gitmeden önce, Türkiye ziyaretine başlayan Papa 16. Benedict ile
Esenboğa Hava Limanı'nda görüştü. Görüşme, 23 dakika sürdü.
Erdoğan, Türkiye'nin "medeniyetler arası ittifak" için önemini
anlattığı görüşmede, "İslam, barış ve
hoşgörü dinidir" mesajı verdi. Erdoğan, Papa'dan, Türkiye'nin
Avrupa Birliği (AB) üyeliğine destek isterken Benedict, Erdoğan'a,
"Siyasi lider değilim; ama Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği üyeliğini
arzu ediyorum." dedi. Başbakan'ın görüşmede Papa'ya ilk sözleri,
"Öncelikle sizi Türkiye'de sizi görmekten mutluluk duyuyorum.
Ziyaretiniz, kültürlerarası diyaloğun arttığı bir döneme
geldi." oldu.
Papa ile görüşmesinin ardından bir basın toplantısı
düzenleyen Başbakan Erdoğan, Papa'nın ziyaretinin "şiddet
kültürünün giderek yaygınlaştığı, dünyanın
medeniyetler çatışması gibi bir felaket senaryoları ile karşı
karşıya olduğu, çeşitli kamplara ayrıldığı
zor bir dönemde" gerçekleştiğine dikkat çekti. Erdoğan,
"Farklı inanç ve kültürler arasında diyaloğa bugün her
zamandan daha fazla ihtiyaç var." diye konuştu. Birleşmiş
Milletler (BM) öncülüğünde Türkiye ile İspanya'nın eş
başkanlığını yaptığı "medeniyetler
ittifakı" çalışması hakkında 16. Benedict'e bilgi
verdiğini anlatan Erdoğan, Papa ile görüşmeleri sırasında
Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği üyeliğinin de konuşulduğunu
bildirdi. Erdoğan'ın, 16.Benedict'e, "Topraklarımızda yüzyıllardır
kilise ve havralar camilerle yan yana barış içinde yaşamışlardır.
Bu tarihi tecrübesiyle Türkiye, medeniyetler ittifakının da aslında
sembol bir ülkesidir. Bu itibarla, Türkiye'nin AB üyeliği küresel barışın
mümkün olduğunu gösteren büyük bir hadise olacaktır. Sizden Türkiye'nin
AB üyeliğine destek rica ediyorum." dediği öğrenildi.
16. Benedict, Erdoğan'dan, "medeniyetler ittifakı"
projesi kapsamında yayınlanan sonuç raporunu istedi. Erdoğan,
"En kısa zamanda size ileteceğim." dedi. Erdoğan'ın
verdiği bilgiye göre Papa, "Ben siyasetçi değilim; ama Türkiye'yi,
Avrupa Birliği'nde görmeyi arzu ediyorum." dedi. Papa, medeniyetler
arası ittifak çalışmalarına da destek verdi. Erdoğan'a,
Papa'nın eylül ayında Almanya'da yaptığı ve İslam
dünyasında tepkilere neden olan konuşmasını gündeme
getirip getirmediği soruldu. Erdoğan, "Kendilerinin bu noktada küresel
barış için ve özellikle İslam'a yönelik olumlu ifadelerini
duymuş olmak, benim için bugünkü görüşmenin olumlu yansımalarıdır.
Hep geleceğe bakacağız. Bizler hiçbir zaman kin ve nefret üzerine
geleceğimizi bina etmiyoruz." cevabını verdi.
"Yurtta barış, dünyada barış"
Papa 16. Benedict, Ankara'da ilk olarak Anıtkabir'i ziyaret etti. Papa
ve beraberindekiler, Anıtkabir avlusundan, üzerinde "Papa Benedict
XVI" yazan kırmızı ve beyaz karanfillerden oluşan çelenkle
Atatürk'ün mozolesine geldi. Mozoleye çelenk koyan Papa, daha sonra dua etti.
Anıtkabir Özel Defteri'ni imzalayan Papa, deftere şunları yazdı:
"Farklı din ve kültürlerin buluştuğu, Asya ve Avrupa arasında
bir köprü olan bu topraklarda Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kurucusunun sözlerini
kendi sözlerim gibi söylemekten memnuniyet duyuyorum: Yurtta barış,
dünyada barış."
'Tayyip Erdoğan'ın karşılaması önemli'
Papa 16. Benedict'in ziyareti Batı medyasında büyük yankı
buldu. Haberlerde "Papa'yı, Başbakan Erdoğan'ın karşılaması"na
dikkat çekilirken, "bu önemli bir diplomatik işaret." yorumu
yapıldı. Haber ajansları, Papa'nın Türkiye'nin AB üyeliğine
destek vermesini "flaş" olarak duyurdu. BBC, "Papa, daha önce
onunla görüşmek için fazla meşgul olduğunu söyleyen Başbakan
Erdoğan tarafından karşılandı." ifadesini kullandı.
Papa'nın, ziyarete "kardeşlik" mesajı ile başladığını
kaydeden CNN de 16. Benedict'in Erdoğan'a "Dinler arasında köprü
olduğu için Türkiye'ye gerçekten gelmek istedim." dediğini
aktardı. AFP Papa'nın, "Türkiye'nin AB'ye girmesini arzu
ediyorum." şeklinde cevap verdiğini aktarırken AP, 16.
Benedict'in, "Demokratik İslam ülkesi olan Türkiye kültürlerarası
köprüdür." sözlerine dikkat çekti. BBC, CNN ve Alman özel televizyon
kanalları Katolik liderin temaslarını canlı olarak yayınladı.
Bardakoğlu'ndan Papa'ya:
İslam barış dinidir, şiddet ithamı bizi üzüyor
Papa 16'ncı Benedict, Cumhurbaşkanı Ahmet Necdet Sezer'in
resmi davetlisi olarak dün Türkiye'ye geldi. Papa'yı Esenboğa Hava
Limanı'nda karşılayan Başbakan Tayyip Erdoğan, uçağın
merdivenlerine kadar giderek jest yaptı.
|
|
Papa'yla hava limanında yaklaşık 20 dakika görüşen Erdoğan,
AB yolunda destek ricasında bulunduğunu, Papa'nın da "Biz
siyasi değiliz; ama Türkiye'nin AB üyeliğini arzu ederiz." dediğini
aktardı. Papa 16. Benedict'in ikinci durağı ise Anıtkabir
oldu. Özel deftere, "Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kurucusunun sözlerini kendi
sözlerim gibi söylemekten memnuniyet duyuyorum: Yurtta barış, dünyada
barış.'' diye yazdı. Ardından Çankaya Köşkü'ne çıkan
Papa ile Cumhurbaşkanı Sezer'in görüşmesi yaklaşık
yarım saat sürdü. Papa'nın programının en önemli duraklarından
birini ise Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı oluşturdu.
İki dinî lider, ortak basın toplantısında sıcak
mesajlar verdi. Ali Bardakoğlu, İslamofobi anlayışından
yakınırken, din adamlarının uluslararası siyasetin
getirdiği konulara değil toplumsal sıkıntılara eğilmesi
gerektiğini anlattı. Papa ise, Hıristiyan ve Müslümanlara,
birbirlerini tanıyarak farklılıklarına saygı göstererek
diyalog çağrısında bulundu.
29/11/2006 www.zaman.com.tr
29 Kasım 2006 Çarşamba
Erdoğan’dan
jest>
Sibel Tokgöz - Buket Güven - Mahmut Bulut www.turkiyegazetesi.com.tr
> Basın büyük ilgi gösterdi
ULUSLARARASI basının ‘tahrik’ dolu yayınlarına ve bazı
çevrelerin gerilim senaryolarına rağmen Başbakan Erdoğan’ın,
Türkiye’yi ziyaret eden Papa 16. Benediktus’u uçağın kapısında
karşılaması dünyada büyük yankı uyandırdı.
Fransız AFP ajansı başta olmak üzere, uluslararası
ajanslar, Erdoğan’ın karşılamasını, “Papa’ya
büyük jest. Türk Başbakan Papa’yı uçağın kapısında
karşılayarak jest yaptı” diye duyurdu.
> 2 bine yakın gazeteci
ANKARA’ya gelen 2 bine yakın yabancı gazeteci tarafından da
takip edilen karşılama töreninin ardından Papa ve Erdoğan Büyük
VİP salonunda bir araya geldi. Görüşmede Papa, Türkiye’de
bulunmaktan duyduğu memnuniyeti dile getirirken, Erdoğan da Papa’yı
Türkiye’de görmekten mutluluk duyduğunu belirterek, “Ziyaretiniz kültürler
arası diyaloğun geliştiği bir zamana denk geldi” diye konuştu.
-----------
ANKARA- Katolik dünyasının ruhani lideri Papa 16. Benediktus’un günlerdir
konuşulan tarihî ziyareti dün başladı. Papa ve beraberindeki
heyeti taşıyan; üzerinde Türkiye ve Vatikan bayrakları bulunan
İtalya Havayolları Alitalia’ya ait uçak, saat 13.00’te Esenboğa
Havalimanı’na indi. Başbakan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, tahrik dolu
yayınlara ve bazı çevrelerin gerilim senaryolarına Papa’yı
uçağın kapısında karşılayarak cevap verdi. 16.
Benediktus’u karşılama töreninde Erdoğan’ın yanı sıra
Türkiye ziyareti boyunca kendisine refakat edecek olan Devlet Bakanı Beşir
Atalay, Milli Savunma Bakanı Vecdi Gönül, Vatikan’ın Ankara Büyükelçisi
Antonio Lucibello, Türkiye’nin Vatikan Büyükelçisi Osman Durak, Ankara
Valisi Kemal Önal, Ankara Garnizon Komutanı Korgeneral Saldıray Berk,
Ankara Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanı Melih Gökçek, Ankara
Emniyet Müdürü Ercüment Yılmaz da hazır bulundu. Papa’nın
üzerinde dini bir simge taşımayan kalın beyaz giysisi ve ‘meşhur’
kırmızı makosenleri ilk göze çarpan ayrıntılardı.
> 150 TV canlı yayınladı
Erdoğan’ın ‘karşılama jesti’, dünyada büyük yankı
uyandırdı. Papa’yı son ana kadar Devlet Bakanı Atalay’ın
karşılamasının beklendiğini belirten uluslararası
ajanslar, “Papa’ya büyük jest. Erdoğan, Medeniyetler İttifakı
konusunda yaptığı girişimlerin önemini bir defa daha dünyaya
gösterdi” yorumunu yaptı. Sürpriz karşılama; 150 dünya
televizyonu tarafından canlı olarak yayınlandı. Papa 16.
Benediktus ile Başbakan Erdoğan, daha sonra havalimanının Büyük
VİP Salonu’na geçti. Görüşme görüntü alınması için
kısa süreyle basına açıldı, daha sonra basına kapalı
olarak devam etti. Yaklaşık 20 dakika süren görüşmenin öncesinde
kısa bir açıklama yapan Papa, Türkiye’de bulunmaktan duyduğu
memnuniyeti dile getirdi. Erdoğan da, Papa’yı Türkiye’de görmekten
mutluluk duyduğunu ifade etti.
> Önemli bir ziyaret
Başbakan Erdoğan, NATO Zirvesi için Letonya’ya hareket etmeden önce
görüşmeyle ilgili bir basın toplantısı düzenledi. Dünyanın
medeniyetler çatışması gibi bir felaket senaryolarıyla karşı
karşıya olduğu zor bir dönemden geçtiğine işaret eden
Erdoğan, “Aramızdaki farklılıkların ön plana çıkarılmaya
çalışıldığı böyle bir dönemde Sayın
Papa’nın nüfusunun yüzde 95’i Müslüman, demokratik, laik, sosyal
bir hukuk devleti olan Türkiye’ye yaptığı bu ziyareti, hem
zamanlı ve hem de önemli buluyorum. Bu ziyaret, dünyaya barış
ve hoşgörü mesajlarının verilebilmesi bakımından son
derece önemlidir. Aynı düşünceleri, Sayın Papa’nın
benimle paylaştığını gördüm. Bundan dolayı ayrıca
memnunum” dedi. Papa 16. Benediktus’a İslam’ın barış,
hoşgörü ve sevgi dini olduğunu anlattığını
kaydeden Erdoğan, “Küresel barış ve özellikle İslam’a
yönelik olumlu ifadeleri kendisinden duymuş olmak da benim için bugünkü
görüşmenin tamamıyla olumlu yansımasıdır. Bizim bakışımız,
sürekli olarak bardağın dolu tarafına yöneliktir” şeklinde
konuştu.
> AB üyeliğimize destek
Trabzon’da meydana gelen olay sebebiyle Papa 16. Benediktus’a başsağlığı
dileklerini de ilettiğini belirten Erdoğan, şunları
kaydetti: “Kendileri bunun, asla İslam’dan veya bir Müslümanın
bir Hıristiyana bakışından kaynaklanmadığını,
münferit bir olay olduğunu ifade etti. Bununla ilgili olarak da, ‘ne Müslümanları
ne de İslam dünyasını karalama anlayışımız
olamaz’ istikametinde düşünceleri oldu.” Görüşmede Türkiye’nin
AB üyeliğinin de gündeme geldiğini aktaran Başbakan Erdoğan,
şöyle devam etti: “Kendisine ‘Avrupa Birliği yolunda
desteklerinizi rica ederim’ dedim. ‘Biliyorsunuz, biz siyasi değiliz
ama bizler Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği’ne girmesini arzu ederiz’
cevabını verdi. Bunlar da bizim ayrıca Dışişleri’ndeki
not tutucu arkadaşların kayıtlarında mevcut. Bu arzusu da
bizim için herhalde olumlu bir tavsiyedir.”
> Kendimize bakalım
Gazetecilerin sorularını da cevaplayan Erdoğan, “Batı-Doğu
Roma’dan bu yana olan kilise ayrımı var. Bu kiliselerin bir araya
gelmesi, Türkiye’yi ekümenlik açısından rahatsız eder mi?”
sorusuna, “Bir defa o şu anda Türkiye’nin meselesi değil. Biz küresel
barışı konuşuyoruz. Ama küresel barış içerisinde
gerçekleşebilirse o da bir adımdır. Buyursunlar kendi aralarında
böyle bir adımı atsınlar. Ama biz Türkiye olarak bir rol üstlenecek
değiliz. Biz kendimize bakalım. Yere sağlam basalım. Bizim
bir medeniyetimiz, kültürümüz var” karşılığını
verdi. Erdoğan, “Yayın kesildi, güzel mesajlar anlaşılamadı.
Papa ne mesajlar verdi?” sorusu üzerine de, “O güzel mesajlar, görüşme
boyunca devam etti. Sayın Papa’nın söyledikleri az önce ifade
ettiklerim. Bunlar içinde en önemlisi, dediğim gibi özellikle İslam’a
yönelik barış, sevgi anlayışını tekrarlaması.
Bunun yanında özellikle İslam dünyası ile Hıristiyan dünyası
arasındaki küresel barışa, Medeniyetler İttifakı’na
yönelik yaklaşımları... Bunları çok önemsediklerini onlar
da vurguladılar” dedi. Erdoğan, Papa’nın Medeniyetler İttifakı
Zirvesi’nin sonuç deklarasyonunu görmek istediğini de sözlerine
ekledi.
> Papa: Bu kültürü seviyorum
Bu arada, uluslarası ajanslara göre Papa 16. Benediktus, görüşme
sonrası şunları kaydetti: “Papa olduğumdan beri Türkiye’ye
gelmek istiyorum çünkü bu kültürü seviyorum. Türkiye demokratik bir
İslam ülkesi ve dinlerarası bir köprü görevi görüyor. Kültürlerarası
dayanışmayı tekrarlamak istiyorum.”
Papa 16. Benediktus dün ayrıca, Ankara’daki misyon şeflerini kabul
etti ve kabulden sonra, Vatikan Büyükelçiliği’nce verilen özel akşam
yemeğine katıldı.
> Bugün İzmir’e geçecek
ANKARA’daki temaslarının ardından geceyi Çankaya Birlik
Mahallesi’nde bulunan Vatikan Büyükelçiliğinde geçiren Papa, bu sabah
İzmir’e gidecek ve Selçuk’taki Meryem Ana Kilisesi’nde ayin yönetecek.
Papa, daha sonra İstanbul’a geçecek ve Fener Rum Patrikhanesi’ni
ziyaret edecek; yarın Patrikhane’deki ayine katılacak. Papa, aynı
gün Ayasofya Müzesi ile Sultanahmet Camii’ni ziyaret edecek. Papa, cuma günü
Türkiye’den ayrılacak.
> Türkiye’ye gelen 3. Papa
PAPA 16. Benediktus, Türkiye’yi ziyaret eden üçüncü Papa oldu. Türkiye,
daha önce 1967’de Papa Altıncı Paul, 1979’da ise Papa İkinci
Jean Paul’u ağırlamıştı. Gerek Altıncı
Paul, gerekse İkinci Jean Paul, Türkiye’yi temel itibariyle Fener Rum
Patrikhanesinde Aziz Andreas Yortusuna katılma amacıyla ziyaret etmişlerdi.
> Bush gibi korundu
ANKARA polisi, ABD Başkanı George W. Bush’un, 2004’teki NATO
Zirvesi öncesinde yaptığı Türkiye gezisinde alınan
tedbirlerin aynısını Papa için de uyguladı. Papa 16.
Benediktus, Ankara’da kaldığı 19-20 saatlik süre içinde
trafik tescil, silah ruhsat ve pasaport şubesinde görevli memurlarda dahil
olmak üzere yaklaşık 3 bin polis tarafından korundu. Havaalanında
başlayan yoğun güvenlik tedbirleri Papa’nın geçiş güzergahlarında
da devam etti. Havadan bir helikopter de güvenlik uçuşu yaptı. Güvenlik
sebebiyle, 30 araçtan oluşan konvoy, önceden belirlenen güzergah yerine
Esenboğa Havalimanı’ndan çevre yoluna geçerek, Konya yolundan Anıtkabir’e
ulaştı. Konvoyda, özel harekat timine ait araçlarla bir ambulans da
yer aldı.
> Sezer’den KKTC hatırlatması
Vatikan Devlet Başkanı ve katolik dünyasının ruhani lideri
Papa 16. Benediktus, Başbakan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan ile görüştükten
sonra Anıtkabir’i ziyaret etti. Anıtkabir Özel Defteri’ni
imzalayan Papa, şunları yazdı: “Farklı din ve kültürlerin
buluştuğu, Asya ve Avrupa arasında bir köprü olan bu
topraklarda Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurucusunun sözlerini kendi sözlerim
gibi söylemekten memnuniyet duyuyorum: Yurtta barış, dünyada barış.”
Papa, Anıtkabir’den sonra saat 14.45’te Çankaya Köşkü’ne
geldi. Cumhurbaşkanı Ahmet Necdet Sezer, Vatikan Devlet Başkanı
sıfatını taşıyan Papa’yı, bandosuz, marşsız
bir törenle Köşk’ün kapısında karşıladı.
Sezer daha sonra makamında 16. Benediktus ile yaklaşık yarım
saat süren bir görüşme yaptı. Sezer görüşme sırasında
Papa’ya, Sabahattin İsmail’in İngilizce yazdığı
“Sinserity V Slande On The Preservation Of Cultural Heritage” ile 2006 yılı
Lefkoşa baskılı “Erasing the past: Turkish Cypriot Culture
Religious Heritage Under The Control Of The Greek Cypriot Administration”
kitaplarını armağan etti. Kitaplarda Kıbrıs’ta
Rumlarca tahrip edilen Türk dini ve kültürel eserlerinin konu edildiği
öğrenildi.
> Papadopulos’a misilleme
Sezer’in bu anlamlı hediyeleri, Rum lider Tassos Papadopulos’a
misilleme niteliği taşıyor. Yaklaşık 15 gün önce
Vatikan’ı ziyaret eden Papadopulos, Papa’ya, Kıbrıs Barış
Harekatı sırasında yıkıldığını
iddia eden Rum Ortodoks kiliselerinin fotoğraflarının yer aldığı
bir albüm hediye etmişti. Albümü inceleyen Papa, üzgün bir ifadeyle,
“Böylesine bir yıkım. Olur şey değil” demişti. 16.
Benediktus, Sezer’in ardından Başbakan Vekili Mehmet Ali Şahin
ile Camlı Köşk’te görüştü.
> Dinler şiddet barındırmaz
ANKARA - Papa 16’ncı Benediktus, Diyanet İşleri Başkanı
Ali Bardakoğlu’nu Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı’nda
ziyaret etti. Görüşmede Bardakoğlu ve Papa , dinlerde şiddete
yer olmadığını belirterek, dünyaya barış çağrısında
bulundular.
Diyanet İşleri Başkanı Bardakoğlu, görüşme
sonrası düsenlenen basın toplantısında, bu ziyareti farklı
din, inanç, kültür, medeniyetler arasında uzlaşı kültürünün
geliştirilmesi için olumlu bir adım olarak gördüklerini söyledi.
Hz. Adem’den Hz. Muhammed Aleyhisselâm’a kadar bütün peygamberlerin barış,
sevgi ve kurtuluş çağrısının elçileri ve rehberleri
olduğunu belirten Bardakoğlu, “Bize düşen görev, Allah’ın
gönderdiği ve bütün peygamberlerin insanlığa tebliğ ettiği
bu kutlu mesajı en güzel şekilde gelecek nesillere aktararak insanlığın
barış, kurtuluş ve huzura ermesine hizmet etmektir” diye konuştu.
Papa’nın Almanya ziyareti sırasında söylediği “İslam’ın
yeryüzüne kılıçla yayıldığı” sözlerine
diplomatik bir üslupla cevap veren Bardakoğlu, şöyle konuş tu:
“Ne var ki, son dönemlerde İslam dininin tarihi ve kaynaklarıyla
şiddeti içerip teşvik ettiği, İslam’ın yeryüzüne kılıçla
yayıldığı, Müslümanların potansiyel şiddet
uygulayıcıları olduğu anlayışını ifade
eden İslamophobia’nın giderek tırmandığını
hep birlikte müşahede ediyoruz. Bilimsel ve tarihsel hiçbir araştırma
ve veriye dayanmayan, adalet ve insaf ölçüleriyle de bağdaşmayan bu
itham ve iddialardan, adını barıştan alan İslam’ın
her mensubunun son derece müteessir ve müşteki olduğunu ilan etmek
isterim.” Prof. Dr. Bardakoğlu özellikle dini liderlerin ve dini
kurumların korku ve kaygılara dayalı ön yargıların
esiri olmamasının ve sağduyulu davranmasının evrensel
barış ve huzurun tesis edilmesinde esas olduğunu kaydetti.
Papa’dan diyalog çağrısı
Papa 16’ncı Bedeniktus ise Prof. Dr. Bardakoğlu ile buluşmanın
sevincine nail olduğunu belirterek, “Türkiye”deki bütün Müslümanları
sevgi dolu hürmetle selamlıyorum” dedi. Kültürlerarası diyalog
konusunda ümitli olduğunu dile getiren Papa, “Birlikte ahenk, esenlik ve
karşılıklı güvenle yaşama arzusuyla birbirimizi daha
iyi tanıma fırsatı bulmayı ve aramızdaki sevgi bağını
güçlendirmeyi ümit ediyorum” diye konuştu. > Haber Merkezi
Benoît XVI appelle les chrétiens et les musulmans à un
"dialogue authentiquement basé sur la vérité"
LEMONDE.FR avec AFP | 28.11.06 |
près avoir rencontré le premier ministre turc Recep Tayyip Erdogan et le président
de la République, Ahmet Necdet Sezer, mardi 28 novembre à Ankara, le pape
Benoît XVI a continué sa visite en Turquie par une entrevue avec le
directeur des affaires religieuses au sein du gouvernement Ali Bardakoglu. Une
rencontre qui s'annonçait nettement plus délicate – M. Bardakoglu avait
vivement critiqué les propos du pape à Ratisbonne – mais qui s'est
finalement déroulée sans accroc.
Benoît XVI et M. Bardakoglu ont dialogué pendant environ quinze minutes
de l'importance du dialogue interreligieux devant les caméras de télévision.
M. Bardakoglu, religieux musulman et haut fonctionnaire du gouvernement, a
tout d'abord regretté une montée de l'"islamophobie" qui présente
l'islam comme une religion qui encouragerait la violence, une forme de mise au
point après le discours du pape à Ratisbonne. M. Bardakoglu a également
souligné dans son intervention que les responsables religieux devaient "refuser
d'être les instruments des tensions de la politique internationale et
contribuer à la solution des problèmes sociaux".
"RESPECT FRATERNEL" ENTRE CHRÉTIENS ET MUSULMANS
Le pape a pour sa part souligné dans son discours que "le dialogue
interreligieux et interculturel" est "une nécessité vitale,
dont dépend dans une large mesure notre avenir". "Chrétiens
et musulmans appartiennent à la famille de ceux qui croient en un Dieu unique",
a-t-il rappelé en citant le concile Vatican II. "Le meilleur moyen
d'aller de l'avant est un dialogue authentique entre chrétiens et musulmans,
basé sur la vérité et inspiré du désir sincère de se connaître mieux
l'un l'autre, en respectant nos différences et en reconnaissant ce que nous
avons en commun", a estimé le chef de l'Eglise catholique.
Le pape a tiré du Moyen-Age un exemple de "respect fraternel"
entre chrétiens et musulmans : l'hommage rendu au XIe siècle par
son prédécesseur Grégoire VII à la "grande bienveillance"
manifestée par un "prince musulman d'Afrique du Nord" envers
les chrétiens qu'il avait sous sa juridiction. Le passage du discours de
Ratisbonne qui avait mis le feu aux poudres concernait lui des critiques portées
contre l'islam par un empereur byzantin du Moyen-Age, qui accusait l'islam de
violence et de n'avoir apporté "rien de bon".
"Les religions sont faites pour la paix et la réconciliation et ne
devraient pas être interprétées autrement", a déclaré Benoît
XVI. "Nous aussi, nous favorisons le dialogue entre les religions qui
doit se faire sur des bases solides", a souligné M. Bardakoglu.
LIBERTÉ RELIGIEUSE "GARANTIE INSTITUTIONNELLEMENT"
Dans un pays laïque, à 99 % musulman, où la liberté de culte est
reconnue mais où les minorités chrétiennes réclament plus de liberté
d'action, le pape a insisté sur l'importance d'une liberté religieuse "garantie
institutionnellement et respectée effectivement, aussi bien pour les
individus que pour les communautés". Une telle liberté "constitue
pour tous les croyants la condition nécessaire à leur contribution loyale à
l'édification de la société", "spécialement envers les
plus vulnérables et les plus pauvres", a souligné le pape.
Les deux hommes, tous deux vêtus de blanc et entourés de leurs délégations,
ont procédé à un échange de cadeaux et se sont serré la main pendant
plusieurs minutes devant les télévisions et les photographes. Un tel
dialogue improvisé devant les caméras est totalement inhabituel pour le pape
qui fonde généralement ses interventions sur un discours écrit.
Dans une interview publiée lundi par la presse turque, Ali Bardakoglu a
cependant averti que la visite papale ne suffirait pas à réparer la "rancœur"
des musulmans même s'il s'agit d'"un pas dans la bonne direction".
Le Pape ouvre la porte de l'Europe à la Turquie
De notre envoyé spécial à Ankara HERVÉ YANNOU.
(AP / P.D Josek)
Rompant avec sa position traditionnelle, Benoît XVI
a encouragé, dès son arrivée à Ankara, la vocation européenne de la Turquie.
BENOÎT XVI souhaitait que son voyage en Turquie soit plus pastoral que
politique. Or, dès son arrivée hier à Ankara, la politique a pris le dessus.
Accueilli par le premier ministre turc, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, le Souverain
Pontife lui a déclaré qu'il pourrait voir d'un bon oeil l'adhésion de son
pays à l'Union européenne. Une véritable révolution pour un pape qui,
avant son élection, s'était ouvertement opposé à cet élargissement, vu
comme
« une grande erreur ». Le pape théologien s'est fait
diplomate.
« Nous ne faisons pas de politique, a cependant précisé
le père Federico Lombardi, directeur du bureau de presse du Saint-Siège,
mais
nous voyons favorablement le chemin de la Turquie vers l'Union européenne. »
Le Saint-Siège
« n'a pas le pouvoir ni la compétence pour
intervenir sur les points précis regardant l'entrée de la Turquie dans
l'Union européenne, a-t-il ajouté.
Cependant, il voit positivement et
encourage le chemin de dialogue et d'insertion de la Turquie dans l'Europe sur
la base des valeurs communes ». Le Saint-Siège n'avait jusqu'à présent
pris aucune position officielle sur l'élargissement de l'Union et la curie
romaine se montrait divisée sur le sujet. Rome clamait sa neutralité et
rappelait seulement l'importance du respect des critères fixés par les Vingt-Cinq,
en particulier le respect de la liberté religieuse et d'
« une saine
laïcité ».
C'est parce que la Turquie, constitutionnellement laïque, « est
un pont entre Orient et Occident, un croisement entre religions et cultures »
qu'elle constitue un laboratoire et que son dialogue avec l'Europe pourrait être
fructueux, a déclaré Benoît XVI. « En Europe, nous avons un débat
entre laïcité et laïcisme et ceci me semble particulièrement important
dans le dialogue avec la Turquie », a-t-il expliqué aux
journalistes de sa suite. « Nous, Européens, devons revoir notre
raison laïque, laïciste. La Turquie doit, en partant de son histoire et de
ses origines, réfléchir avec nous à comment construire pour l'avenir ce
lien entre laïcité et tradition, entre une raison ouverte, tolérante, qui a
pour élément fondamental la liberté », a-t-il souligné.
Islam et violence
Benoît XVI a ainsi rendu hommage à Ataturk en déposant une gerbe de
fleurs rouges au mausolée du père de la Turquie moderne, qui avait pris pour
modèle l'idée française de laïcité. « Il est du devoir des
autorités civiles de tout pays démocratique de garantir la liberté
effective de tous les croyants et de leur permettre d'organiser librement la
vie de leur propre communauté », a rappelé le Pape au corps
diplomatique à Ankara.
Benoît XVI a aussi tenu à clore la controverse de Ratisbonne. Il
s'est longuement entretenu avec le grand mufti Ali Bardakoglu, directeur des
affaires religieuses, qui s'était montré particulièrement sévère sur les
propos du Pape concernant l'islam et la violence. Le chef de l'Église
catholique a ainsi voulu montrer qu'il n'y avait pas un avant et un après
Ratisbonne et redonner un objectif commun aux chrétiens et aux musulmans. Il
leur a rappelé son « estime », son désir de « respect
réciproque » et « d'un échange sincère entre amis ».
C'est dans ce dialogue et la connaissance de l'autre que « les
religions pourront affronter les nombreux défis de notre société »,
l'ouvrir « au transcendant » afin qu'elle reconnaisse à
Dieu « la place qui lui revient ».
Pour le Pape, chrétiens et musulmans doivent refuser le recours à la
violence et ne pas réclamer le pouvoir, mais faire reconnaître « le
rôle positif que recouvre les religions » afin de mettre l'homme « au
centre de l'action politique, économique, culturelle et sociale ».
En écho, Ali Bardakoglu a tenu à assurer au Pape que « les
musulmans condamnent tout type de violence et de terreurs » et les « dérives
islamophobes ».
Diplomatie papale
LE MONDE | 29.11.06 |
Juste avant d'atterrir à Ankara, mardi 28 novembre, Benoît XVI disait aux
journalistes que son voyage en Turquie ne serait pas "politique".
Il n'en a bien sûr rien été, et ce dès le premier jour. Dans le monde
musulman, les braises allumées par ses mots malencontreux de Ratisbonne sur
l'islam couvent encore et, à Istanbul, des extrémistes manifestent contre le
pape le plus "antiturc" de l'histoire. Benoît XVI a rappelé d'emblée
l'attachement de l'Eglise au dialogue avec l'islam. Et le premier ministre
Erdogan a compris que son intérêt n'était pas de faire de mauvaises manières
au pape, pour ne pas aggraver les réticences des pays de l'Union à l'égard de
la Turquie.
La journée du pape à Ankara a utilement renouvelé le débat sur la place
de la Turquie en Europe. Dans le climat tendu de cette visite, chaque mot de
Benoît XVI était ciselé, chaque geste millimétré. La richesse de son
histoire, sa situation de "pont" entre l'Occident et l'Orient,
de "charnière" entre l'Europe et l'Asie, entre les cultures et
les religions, font de la Turquie, a-t-il dit, un partenaire naturel de l'Union.
A première vue, c'est un revirement par rapport aux réticences que le
cardinal Ratzinger avait exprimées en 2004 avant d'être élu pape : "Historiquement
et culturellement, ce pays a peu à partager avec l'Europe." Le même
se déclare prêt aujourd'hui à "encourager" la demande d'adhésion
de la Turquie. Un soutien que M. Erdogan a apprécié. Le dialogue "vital"
entre le christianisme et l'islam que Benoît XVI veut relancer va également
dans le sens de cette "alliance des civilisations" pour
laquelle milite le gouvernement turc avec des partenaires comme Kofi Annan ou
l'Espagnol Zapatero.
Mais de quelle Turquie et de quelle Europe parle-t-on ? Sur cette question
d'identité, le pape s'obstine. Il respecte la Turquie "laïque", se
rend même au mausolée de Kemal Atatürk, le père de la Turquie moderne qui a
eu comme "modèle" la France et sa Constitution laïque. Mais il
distingue la laïcité et le "laïcisme", qu'il définit comme
un système de séparation entre la sphère publique et des valeurs communes
incluant la religion. Pour lui, la chance de la Turquie moderne, c'est le
dialogue entre sa "tradition musulmane" et la "raison
européenne".
La polémique de Ratisbonne a incité Benoît XVI à réfléchir sous un
autre éclairage à la candidature européenne de la Turquie. Dans un pays laïque,
à 99 % musulman, où la liberté de culte est reconnue, mais où les minorités
chrétiennes réclament plus de liberté, le pape réclame une liberté
religieuse "garantie institutionnellement et respectée effectivement".
Une manière - qui ne plaira pas à Ankara - de rappeler que les critères d'adhésion
dits de Copenhague comprennent le respect des minorités religieuses, et que
c'est sur ce terrain aussi que sera attendue et jugée la Turquie.